1. A glacier is a large, long-lasting mass of ice formed on land that masses downhill under its way.
Glacier is part of the earth’s hydrosphere.
Along with the sea, ice glaciers are known as the cryosphere.
2. GROUP OF GLACIER:
They fall into two general groups based on their form size and flow characteristics
3. Alphin glacier that is surrounded by mountains is called an alpine or mountain glacier.
Glaciated valleys are through like U-shaped with board floors and relatively smooth, and steep sides
The valleys may contain littered debris or debris shaped as moraines with a swampy appearance.
There may be taken gouged out of the rocky floor or formed by debris within the valley.
Cirque Glacier: Bowl-like hollow structures are called cirque glaciers. They are formed inside the mountains and tend to move towards the valley. A glacier that forms in a cirque is a cirque glacier. Piedmont Glacier: When the steep valley glaciers spill into flat plains, then a piedmont glacier occurs e.g Malaspina glacier that falls into Yakutat Bay, Alaska. Hanging glacier: When the major valley glacier thins out, that becomes a hanging glacier. Tidewater glaciers: These are valley glaciers that reach the sea, and they provide breeding habitat for seals. These glaciers are the ones that form small icebergs.
4. Continental glaciers are those vast masses of ice sheets covering stretches of land. Such glaciers flow over large areas that are unconfined, where they bury the landscapes underneath
Today, continental glaciers are only present in extreme polar regions: Antarctica and Greenland Historically, continental glaciers also covered large regions of Canada Europe and Asia, and they are responsible for many distinctive topographic features in these regions.
The ice sheet blankets 81% of Greenland and 90% of Antarctica.
FORMATION AND FLOW:
IMPORTANCE OF CONTINENTAL GLACIER:
Glaciers are an essential indicator of the study of environmental change, thereby making people aware of the increasing global warming. Due to the continuously growing industrialization, and use of automobiles, there is a rising graph of air pollution triggered by the emission of carbon monoxide and other harmful greenhouse gases. The outcome of all these is the catastrophic increase in global warming and greenhouse gases.
Glaciers come in a huge range of shapes and sizes. Different glaciers, and even different parts of the same glacier, can have a variety of different thermal, hydrological and dynamic characteristics. Glaciers occur in locations ranging from the poles to the equator, and most parts of the world have experienced the direct effects of glaciation at some time in the past. Glaciers currently occupy less of the planet than they have done in geological history, but nevertheless exert a profound influence on the global environment. Our developing understanding of glaciers will play an important role in our understanding of the global environmental system
2. ▪ A glacier is a large
long lasting masses
of ice formed on land
that masses down
hill under its on way.
● Glacier is the part of
earth’s hydrosphere.
● Along with the sea
ice glacier are know
as the cryosphere.
RIVER OF ICE:
3. ● They fall into two general group based on their form size and
flow characteristics
GROUP OF GLACIER:
CONTINENTAL GLACIER
ALPINE GLACIER
4. ● A glacier that is surrounded by
mountains is called an alpine
or mountain glacier.
● Glaciated valley are through
like U-shaped with board floors
and relatively smooth, and
steep sides
● The valleys may contain
littered debris or debris shaped
as moraines with swampy
appearance.
● There may be taken gouged out
of rocky floor or formed by
debris within the valley.
ALPINE GLACIER:
Crevasses in a glacier in
Mount Cook National Park,
New Zealand. Source: Bernard
Spragg (2008)
5. Cirque Glacier: Bowl like hollow
structure are called cirque
glaciers. They are formed inside
the mountains and tend to move
towards the valley. A glacier that
that forms in a cirque is a cirque
glacier.
Piedmont Glacier: When the steep
valley glaciers spill into flat plains,
then a piedmont glacier occurs e.g
Malaspine glacier that fall into
Yakutat bay, Alaska.
Hanging glacier: When the
major valley glacier thins out,
that becomes hanging glacier.
Tidewater glacier: These are
valley glaciers that reach the sea,
and they provide breeding habitat
for seal. These glaciers are the
ones that form small iceberg
6. Alpine glacier are found in high
mountain of every continent
except Australia. The Gorner
glacier in Switzerland and
furtwanlgler glacier and mount
Kilimanjaro glacier Tanzania are
both typical alpine glacier
furtwanlgler glacier
Mount Kilimanjaro
Gorner glacier
7. ● The ice generally absorbs all other colors of
the spectrum except blue. So, you will see
that glaciers reflect mainly the blue color.
● If all the ice melted due to global warming,
the sea level would have been 230 feet,
INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT ALPINE
GLACIER:
8. ● Continental glaciers are those vast masses of
ice sheets covering stretches of land. Such
glaciers flow over large areas that are
unconfined, where they bury the landscapes
underneath
● Today, continental glaciers are only present in
extreme polar regions: Antarctica and Greenland
Historically, continental glaciers also covered
large regions of Canada Europe, and Asia, and
they are responsible for many distinctive
topographic features in these regions.
• The ice sheet of blanket 81% of Greenland and
90% of Antarctica.
CONTINENTAL GLACIER:
9. Simplified cross-section profiles of the Antarctic and Greenland
continental ice sheets. Both ice sheets are drawn to the same
scale (exaggerated in the vertical direction)
10. ● Continent glaciers can form and grow when
climate conditions in a region cool over
extended periods of time. Snow can build up
over time in regions that do not warm up
seasonally, and if the snow accumulates in
vast amounts, it can compact under its own
weight and form ice
FORMATION AND FLOW:
Cross-section showing ice-flow in
the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Source:
Steven Earle (2015) CC BY 4.0
11. ● Continental glaciers generally cover
areas that are flat, but the force of
gravity still acts on them and causes
them to flow. Continental glacier ice
flows from the region where it is
thickest toward the edges where it is
thinner.
MOVEMENT:
12. ● An ice cap is the
glacier ,a thick layer of
ice and snow that
covers fewer than
50,000sq.km
● Ice cap in high altitude
region are often called
Polar ice cap
● Polar ice cap are made
of different material on
different plant. Earth’s
ice cap’s are mostly
water based ice.
ICE CAP:
Beneath the brim of Norway's largest
ice cap.
Transantarctic mountain range of
Antarctica
13. ● An interconnected series of ice caps and
glaciers is called an ice field. One of the
largest ice fields in the world is the
Patagonian ice field, at the tip of South
America. The ice fields are part of a landscape
interrupted by fish farms and dams.
ICE FIELD:
Patagonian ice field
a valley glacier which drains
an inland ice sheet or ice cap
and flows through a gap in
peripheral mountains.
OUTLET GLACIER:
14. Glaciers are an essential indicator of the study of
environmental change, thereby making people aware of
the increasing global warming. Due to the continuously
growing industrialization, and use of automobiles,
there is a rising graph of air pollution triggered by the
emission of carbon monoxide and other harmful
greenhouse gases. The outcome of all these is the
catastrophic increase in global warming and
greenhouse gases.
IMPORTANCE OF CONTINENTAL
GLACIER:
15. Glaciers come in a huge range of shapes and sizes. Different
glaciers, and even different parts of the same glacier, can have
a variety of different thermal, hydrological and dynamic
characteristics. Glaciers occur in locations ranging from the
poles to the equator, and most parts of the world have
experienced the direct effects of glaciation at some time in the
past. Glaciers currently occupy less of the planet than they have
done in geological history, but nevertheless exert a profound
influence on the global environment. Our developing
understanding of glaciers will play an important role in our
understanding of the global environmental system
CONCLUSION:
