Pendedahan awal mengenai Acute Gastroentritis & FOOD POISONING

1. Acute
Gastroenteritis
• Disediakan Oleh : Nassruto

2. Learning Objectives:
• After lecture the students able to:
• Define of Acute Gastroenteritis.
• Define of diarrhea.
• Describe the etiology of acute diarrhea.
• Explain the pathysiology of diarrhea and dehydration.
• Determine the classification of dehydration severities.

3. Learning Objectives:
• List down the manifestation of diarrhea.
• What are the complication of diarrhea.
• Describe the management of diarrhea cases.
• Describe the health education needed for diarrhea cases.

4. Definition:
• AGE:
• It is an acute Intestinal illness with the symptom of
diarrhea or vomiting causes of food or irritation intestine.
• DIARRHOEA:
• Refers to the frequently passage of loose or watery stools.

5. Pre- View:
• More common in infants or children.
• Age: 6 months to 2 year old.
• Drinking cow’s milk or infants formulas feedings.
• Major health problem causing enormous morbidity and
mortality.
• Socio-economic status contributes to the incidence of diarrhea.

6. Contain of stools:
• Blood ( dysentery ).
• Mucus ( jelly ).
• Watery ( liquid/no solid elements ).
• Loose ( liquid with solid elements ).
• Pasty ( like a paste / sticky ).
• Formed ( normal solid ).

7. Classification of
diarrhea:
• ACUTE:
• Had diarrhea in a few days.
• Mild frequently diarrhea.
• Mild or without muscle spasm.
• CHRONIC:
• Had diarrhea for more than 2 weeks.
• Frequently diarrhea.
• Severe muscle spasm.

8. Etiology of acute
diarrhea:
• Virus / Bacteria / Parasite:
• Food intake.
• Infection in or outside of GIT.
• Ingestion system of person.
• Administration of medications.
• Antibiotic.
• Laxative abuse ( herb ).
• Emotional disturbances.

9. Etiology of chronic:
• Defects of the intestinal tract.
• Chronic infections of intestinal tract.
• Inflammation of the intestinal tract.
• Food allergy.
• Malabsurption.
• Malnutrition.
• Conditions outside the intestinal tract.

10. Pathogens:
• Causing damages to the colon
wall of eupatorium cells.
• Bacteria / viruses.
• Release of toxin.
• Irritation occurs.

12. Pathophysiology of
diarrhea:
CONTAMINATE FOOD
HCLPATHOGENS
RUIN OR DAMAGE
INTESTINAL WALLS
RELEASE TOXINS
INFLAMATION OCCURS
DIARRHOEA

13. Clinical Manifestation:
• Rapidly diarrhea / vomiting.
• Poor feeding.
• Restless.
• Fever.
• Oliguria.
• Lethargy.
• Abdomen distended.
• Abdominal pain.

14. Clinical Manifestation:
• Stools tend to be watery / fluid.
• Nasty and contain mucus or blood.
• Anorexia ( L.O.A ).
• Lethargic / not active.
• Crying ++ / no tears / not crying anymore.

15. Pathophysiology
dehydration:
• Excessive water lost.
• Less water + Na+ in blood
• Input < output.
• Electrolyte imbalance occurs.
• Extra / intra cellular fluids loss.
• dehydration appears.

16. Degree of dehydration:
• Mild:
• Moderate.
• Severe.

18. Investigations:
• Focus on stool / faces:
• Gross examination on:
• Color / contain / nature / blood / exudates.
• Pro long diarrhea or bloody stools:
• Rectum swab for C&S / FEME.
• Rectum swab for E.h / Salmonella.
• Smear for pshymorphonuclear leukocytes.

19. Investigations:
• Stool PH- Strips.
• PH < 6 :
• Stool for Sugar Intolerance.
• Blood : FEME / FBC / BUSE to rule out
infection and renal impairment.
• Urine : to detect other infection.

20. Complications:
• Effect from dehydration.
• Abruption whole body system.
• Metabolic acidosis.
• Respiration acidosis.
• Hypovolieumic shock.
• Renal impairment.
• Tissue hypoxia.
• Death.

21. Treatment
management:
• Purpose of treatment.
• Determine the degree of severities.
• Identify causes.
• How to prepare ORS solution.
• Preventive means.
• How to use plan chart to treat.
• Health education needed.

22. Purpose of treatment:
• To stopped diarrhea / vomiting.
• To prevent dehydration.
• To avoid electrolyte imbalance.
• To treat the dehydration.
• To support continuous nutriment.
• To avoid from complication and mortality.

23. Determine the degree
of severities:
• From sign and symptom.
• History / examine patient.
• Findings.
• Vital organ function reduce.

24. Identify causes:
• Ask About:
• Contain of stool.
• Length duration / frequency of diarrhea.
• Associated symptom.
• Look For:
• Severities of dehydration.
• Check under nutrition occurs.

25. PENDIDIKAN KESIHATAN:

26. How to prepare ORS:
• Hand Washing.
• Wash and pour clear drinking water to the container about
250ml.
• Add Ors powder and steer until all partial resolve.
• Tested it before serve.
Bil
l
Material Amounts
1. Sod. Chloride B.P 525mg.
2. Presidium Citrate B.P 490mg.
3. Pot. Chloride B.P 373mg.
4. Glucose Anhydrous B.P 5.4 g

27. How to use plan chart
to treat:
• PLAN A:
• Rules to treat diarrhea at home.
• PLAN B:
• Rules to avoid dehydration.
• PLAN C:
• Rules to treat severe dehydration.

34. Need to be admit:
• Loss 10% dehydration.
• Refuse to drink.
• Toxic looking patient.
• Had mild fever.

35. Prevention means:
• For Patients:
• Increase fluid intake.
• Frequently breast feeding.
• Provide mixes food / fruits juice.
• Use purify water for domestic activities.
• Hand Washing.
• Use Clean instrument.

36. Preventive Means:
• For public:
• Care of environment hygiene.
• Proper toilet using.
• Purify water resources.
• Med-check up for those handling with food.
• Immunization.
• Notification.
• Plan out the intervention activities to prevent.