R is an open source programming language, which is most popular among data scientists. R isn’t just a tool for industry. It is also very popular among academic scientists and researchers.
This presentations will help readers to get started with R programming.
2. Contents
2
Download & Install R
Download & install R Studio
Install Packages in R/ R Studio
Set or change working directory
Get help in R
Import & Export data sets
Shortcuts & Tips
References & Resources
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R GUI
R studio
Includes a console, editor, as well as tools for plotting, history,
debugging and workspace management
R Commander
Enables analysts to access a selection of commonly-used R commands
using a simple interface
Rattle
A data mining toolkit which was designed to analyze large data sets
Deducer
Designed to be a easy to use alternative to proprietary data analysis
software such as SPSS and Minitab
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Download & install R Studio
Open the URL: www.rstudio.com
Click on “Download Rstudio” button.
Click on "Download RStudio Desktop”.
Click on the version recommended for your system, or the
latest
Windows version, and save the executable file.
Run the .exe file and follow the installation instructions.
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R packages
Base packages
Which come with R automatically
Contributed packages
Which must be downloaded for installation
To find the list of default base packages loaded at start-up
getOption("defaultPackages")
"datasets" "utils" "grDevices" "graphics" "stats" "methods"
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To install packages in R Studio
# To see all packages installed
library()
#To see packages currently loaded
search()
#To install a package ‘caret’
install.packages(“caret”, dependencies=TRUE)
#To load a package ‘caret’
library(caret)
#To discover the contents of library package ‘caret’
library(help=caret)
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Working Directory
# To check the current working directory
getwd()
# To set a new working directory
setwd("D:NISHAR CourseraR_programming")
Note: use '' or '/' in the path of directory
# The shortcut (to get/change the current working directory)
"ctr+shift+h“
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To get help in R
Click on the 'Help' menu.
If you want help on a specific command you can enter a search
directly from the keyboard: help(keyword), e.g., help(mean)
A shortcut is to type: ?keyword
If you are not sure of the command you can try the following:
apropos("part.word"), e.g., apropos(wd); apropos(“mean")
To invoke a built-in help browser, you can type: help.start()
31. Data Sets
31
#To see the list of available data sets in R
data()
#To load an available data sets in R
data(name_of_dataset)
#For example;
data(airquality)
33. Import Data Sets
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#To import Text data file in R
myTEXTdata = read.table("mydata.txt“, header = TRUE)
Make sure to set your working directory
34. Import Data Sets
35
#To import CSV data file in R
myCSVdata <- read.table("c:/mydata.csv", header=TRUE,
sep=",", row.names="id")
# note the / instead of on Windows systems
Or myCSVdata = read.csv("mydata.csv")
35. Import Data Sets
36
#To import Excel data file in R
# read in the first worksheet from the workbook myexcel.xlsx
# first row contains variable names
library(xlsx)
mydata <- read.xlsx("c:/myexcel.xlsx", 1)
# read in the worksheet named mysheet
mydata <- read.xlsx("c:/myexcel.xlsx", sheetName = "mysheet")
36. Import Data Sets
37
#To import Excel data file in R
# read in the first worksheet from the workbook myexcel.xlsx
# first row contains variable names
library(readxl)
mydata <- read_excel("c:/myexcel.xlsx", sheet =1)
# read in the worksheet named mysheet
mydata <- read_excel("c:/myexcel.xlsx", sheet = "mysheet")
37. Import Data Sets
38
To import SPSS data file in R
library(foreign); mySPSSdata <- read.spss("Housing Pricing
Data.sav“)
If SPSS dataset is in trasport format
library(Hmisc); mySPSSdata <- spss.get("c:/mydata.por",
use.value.labels=TRUE)
38. Import Data Sets
39
#To import SAS data file in R
install.packages("sas7bdat"); library(sas7bdat)
mySASdata <- read.sas7bdat("d1.sas7bdat")
If SAS dataset is in trasport format
library(Hmisc); mySASdata <- sasxport.get("c:/mydata.xpt")
# character variables are converted to R factors
39. Import Data Sets
40
#To import STATA data file in R
install.packages(“foreign")
library(foreign)
mySTATAdata <- read.dta("D://Learning//Learn
R//R_programming data and codes//sales.dta")
41. Export Data Sets
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#To export R data file to a tab delimited text file
write.table(mydata, "c:/mydata.txt", sep="t")
42. Export Data Sets
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#To export R data file CSV format
write.csv(MyData, file = "MyData.csv")
write.table(MyData, file = "MyData.csv",row.names=FALSE,
na="",col.names=FALSE, sep=",")
43. Export Data Sets
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#To export R data file to an Excel spreadsheet
library(xlsx)
write.xlsx(mydata, "c:/mydata.xlsx")
44. Export Data Sets
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To export R data file to SPSS
# write out text data file and an SPSS program to read it
library(foreign)
write.foreign(mydata, “D:/mydata.txt",
D:/mydata.sps", package="SPSS")
45. Export Data Sets
46
#To export R data file to SAS
# write out text datafile and an SAS program to read it
library(foreign)
write.foreign(mydata, "c:/mydata.txt",
"c:/mydata.sas", package="SAS")
46. Export Data Sets
47
#To export R data file to STATA
# export data frame to Stata binary format
library(foreign)
write.dta(mydata, "c:/mydata.dta")
47. Helpful Tips
48
#To see the list of key board shortcuts
alt + shift + k
#To save a file
ctr + s
#To run selected piece of code
ctr + r
48. Short-cuts
49
Edit -> Folding:
Collapse — Alt+L
Expand — Shift+Alt+L
Collapse All — Alt+O
Expand All — Shift+Alt+O
Code:
Insert Section — Ctrl+Shift+R
(Cmd+Shift+R on the Mac)
Jump To — Shift+Alt+J
49. Short-cuts
https://support.rstudio.com/hc/en-us/articles/200711853-Keyboard-
Shortcuts
50
Description Windows & Linux Mac
Goto File/Function Ctrl+. Ctrl+.
Move cursor to Source Editor Ctrl+1 Ctrl+1
New document (except on
Chrome/Windows)
Ctrl+Shift+N Command+Shift+N
New document (Chrome only) Ctrl+Alt+Shift+N Command+Shift+Alt+N
Open document Ctrl+O Command+O
Save active document Ctrl+S Command+S
Close active document (except
on Chrome)
Ctrl+W Command+W
Goto File/Function Ctrl+. Ctrl+.
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Get your hands dirty
R & R Studio
Install & Load Packages
Arithmetic in R
Numbers in R (NAN & NA)
Import data to R
Export data from R
Descriptive Statistics
Basic Plots
51. References
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• Crowley, M. J. (2007). The R Book. Chichester, New
England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
• An Introduction to R by W. N. Venables, D. M. Smith
and the R Core Team
• R in a Nutshell by Joseph Adler: O’Reilly
• Teetor, P. (2011). R cookbook. Sebastopol, CA:
O’Reilly Media Inc.
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Reach Out to Me
http://stats.stackexchange.com/users/79100/learner
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nisha_Arora2/contributions
https://www.quora.com/profile/Nisha-Arora-9
nishaarora4@gmail.com