This is the first day of the 5-day long workshop covering essentials of R programming language

1. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
RBootcamp
Day 1
Olga Scrivner and Jefferson Davis
Assistant Jivitesh Poojary
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2. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Sponsors
This RBootcamp is sponsored by
Center of Excellence for Women in Technology (CEWiT)
and
Social Science Research Commons (SSRC)
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3. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Outline
1 Intro to RStudio
2 Using R scripts
3 Installing packages
4 R objects
Data types
Vectors
Lists
5 Getting help
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4. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
R software
R is a free software for statistical analysis, text mining and
graphics.
To install R on Window:
1 Download the binary file for R https://cran.
r-project.org/bin/windows/base/R-3.3.1-win.exe
2 Open the downloaded .exe file and Install R
To install R on Mac:
1 Download the appropriate version of .pkg file
https://cran.r-project.org/bin/macosx/
2 Open the downloaded .pkg file and Install R
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5. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
R Studio
RStudio is a free user interface for R.
1 Install the appropriate RStudio version https:
//www.rstudio.com/products/rstudio/download/
2 Run it to install R-studio
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6. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
R Studio Structure
For more details - see handout RStudio101 (by Oscar
Torres-Reyna)
http://dss.princeton.edu/training/RStudio101.pdf6 / 50

7. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Organizing Your Files
Option 1
Create new script / Open existing script
Set up your working directory
Keep your datafiles in this directory (easy access)
Or use command file.choose()
Or remember the path to datafiles
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8. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Organizing Your Files
Option 1
Create new script / Open existing script
Set up your working directory
Keep your datafiles in this directory (easy access)
Or use command file.choose()
Or remember the path to datafiles
Option 2
Create new project/ Open existing project
Do not have to set up working directory
Keep your datafiles in the project directory
Do not have to remember the path to datafiles
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9. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Creating Projects
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10. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Creating Projects
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11. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Creating R Script
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12. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Saving R Script
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13. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Closing and Opening Scripts
Close R File: File → Close
Open R File: File → Open
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14. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Editing Script: Font and Size
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15. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
RStudio - Full View
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16. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Learning R Syntax
variable stores values
Assignment operator: <-
x <- 5
y <- 6
A valid name for variable must start with a letter.
Name can contain letters, numbers, underscores, and dot.
Valid names Invalid names
mydata
my data
mydata2
my.data
mydata!
my data
2mydata
.mydata
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17. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Script Flow
1 Create two variables
x <- 5
y <- 6
2 run executes commands:
- Place cursor anywhere on the first line - click run
- Place cursor on the second line - click run
3 Console displays the execution
4 Right top
- Environment stores objects
- History stores commands
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18. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Values
1 Change value of y to 6.5
2 Examine objects in environment
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19. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Comments
1 Comments are not executed
2 Comments are preceded by # (hash tag)
3 Type a comment above your first line of code
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20. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Print()
Function print() prints the value into your console
Inside the parenthesis you type the name of your variable
Examine the output in the console
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21. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Characters versus Numeric Values
Numbers are without quotation marks:
x <- 5
Characters are enclosed in quotation marks:
z <-“a”
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22. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Characters versus Numeric Values
Numbers are without quotation marks:
x <- 5
Characters are enclosed in quotation marks:
z <-“a”
Arithmetic operations with numerics
In the console type x*y, press enter
In the console type z*w, press enter
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23. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Logical Values
1 TRUE, FALSE - upper case, no quotes
2 Add comment # logical values
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24. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Data Types
1 Data types:
Logical
Numeric
Character
2 Function class() identifies the class type
3 Type in the script
4 Examine the console
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25. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Vector - Basic Types
Vector: A sequence of data elements of the same basic type
Numeric
c(2, 3, 5)
Logical
c(TRUE, FALSE, TRUE)
Character string
c("aa", "bb", "cc")
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26. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Vector
In the script create two vectors:
Examine the environment
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27. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Length
Function length() of a vector
length(v1)
Create a vector with words:
mywords <-c(“These”, “are”,“my”,“words”)
1 How many words in mywords?
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28. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Index Slicing
1. [1:3] - consecutive elements: one, two, three
2. [c(1,3)] - only the elements one and three
3. [-2] - all except the element number two
Extract the first and the second elements
Extract all except the first element
Extract the first and the fourth elements
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29. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Indexing
How to extract certain elements from a vector?
What is the first word in mywords?
- mywords[1]
What are the first and second words in mywords?
- mywords[1:2]
What are the first and third words in mywords?
- mywords[c(1,3)]
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30. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Combining Vectors - Strings
vector1 <- c("my", "first", "vector")
vector2 <- c("my", "second", "vector")
vector3 <- c(vector1, vector2)
print(vector3)
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31. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Vectors - Arithmetic Operations
Click RUN to execute each line
v1 <- c(1, 3, 6)
v2 <- c(2, 4, 6)
v1*v2
v1+v2
v1/v2
vector1*vector2 - what will happen?
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32. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Vectors - Arithmetic Operations
Click RUN to execute each line
v1 <- c(1, 3, 6)
v2 <- c(2, 4, 6)
v1*v2
v1+v2
v1/v2
vector1*vector2 - what will happen?
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33. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Vectors - Arithmetic Operations
Click RUN to execute each line
v1 <- c(1, 3, 6)
v2 <- c(2, 4, 6)
v1*v2
v1+v2
v1/v2
vector1*vector2 - what will happen?
vector3 <- c(vector1, vector2)
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34. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Vectors - paste
paste(vector1, "+", vector2, sep = " ")
paste(vector1, "+", vector2, sep = "")
paste(vector1, "+", vector2, collapse = " ")
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35. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Usefulness of paste - Create a Plot Title
Scenario: You are going to create a plot with x (Age Groups)
and y (Frequency) with the following title
My plot: Frequency of Age Groups
y <- "Frequency"
x <- "Age Groups"
title <- "My plot:"
c(title,y,"of",x)
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36. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Usefulness of paste - Create a Plot Title
Scenario: You are going to create a plot with x (Age Groups)
and y (Frequency) with the following title
My plot: Frequency of Age Groups
y <- "Frequency"
x <- "Age Groups"
title <- "My plot:"
c(title,y,"of",x)
paste(title,y,"of",x,collapse=" ")
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37. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Lists
List: a vector that can contain different types
mylist <- list(vector1, v1)
print(mylist)
[[ ]] - index for lists
[ ] - index for vectors
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38. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
List versus Vector
Vectors contain the objects of the same type:
- v1 <- c(“a”,“b”,“c”)
- v2 <- c(1,2,3,4)
Lists contain different types of objects
Vector uses c() function
List uses list() function
Create mylist:
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39. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
List versus Vector
Vectors contain the objects of the same type:
- v1 <- c(“a”,“b”,“c”)
- v2 <- c(1,2,3,4)
Lists contain different types of objects
Vector uses c() function
List uses list() function
Create mylist:
miniquiz: What are the data types in mylist?
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40. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Indexing List
1 Print list: print(mylist)
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41. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Indexing List
1 Print list: print(mylist)
2 Remember vector indices [ ]?
3 List will use [[ ]]
4 Type mylist[[1]]
5 Type mylist[[7]]
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42. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Indexing List
1 Print list: print(mylist)
2 Remember vector indices [ ]?
3 List will use [[ ]]
4 Type mylist[[1]]
5 Type mylist[[7]]
6 How to access the first number
inside the list object?
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43. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Indexing List
1 Print list: print(mylist)
2 Remember vector indices [ ]?
3 List will use [[ ]]
4 Type mylist[[1]]
5 Type mylist[[7]]
6 How to access the first number
inside the list object?
7 mylist[[7]][1]
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44. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Operators: Arithmetic
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45. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Operators: Logical
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46. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Operators: Logical
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a <- 1
b <- 2
a > b
a <= 2
a != b
a == b

47. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Operators: Logical
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a <- 1
b <- 2
a > b
a <= 2
a != b
a == b

48. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Installing Packages
In your bottom left window - go to Packages
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49. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Selecting Packages
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50. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Package = Library
In your Packages window scroll down until you see languageR
and click inside the box:
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51. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Package Content
To access package description and its content, click on the
package name.
New window Help will open up:
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52. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Accessing Info from Packages
Scroll down and select languageR-package
You will see the list of available functions from this package
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53. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Quick Help
Type in the console (bottom left):
?length
Instead of Run - click enter-key
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54. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
File Formats
1 CSV, Excel Movie metadata.csv
2 TXT NY Times.txt
3 PDF Article.pdf
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55. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
CSV, Excel, SAS, SPSS Data
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56. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
CSV
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57. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
CSV Data
Close data view:
colnames(movie metadata)
nrow(movie metadata)
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58. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Import Text Files - NY Times
file path <- file.choose()
myfile <- scan(file path, what = "character",
sep = "n",blank.lines.skip = TRUE)
head(myfile)
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59. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Import PDF Files - Article
install.packages("pdftools")
library(pdftools)
file path2 <- file.choose()
myfile2 <- unlist(lapply(file path2, pdf text))
text <- paste(myfile2, collapse = " ")
head(text)
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60. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Practice-DataCamp
1 Sign up for a free DataCamp.com account
2 Link to the group
https://www.datacamp.com/groups/
40456ec7289f29ce125860d0dc42d2d12ee15630/
invite
3 Go to groups
4 Select assignments
5 Go to the course RBootcamp day 1
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61. R Studio
R Basics
Operators
Packages
Importing
DataCamp
Practice-DataCamp
1 RBootcamp day 1
2 Complete all practice to receive points!
3 If you get a pop-up message about joining a payed
membership, refresh the page and continue the exercise.
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