science research journal 27.pdf

NeuroQuantology | September 2023 | Volume 21 | Issue 7 |Page 46-54| doi: 10.48047/nq.2023.21.7.nq23005
Rabia Wajahat et al/ KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRATICE RELATED TO RISK FACTORS OF NECK PAIN IN SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY
TEACHERS
eISSN1303-5150 www.neuroquantology.com
KNOWLEDGE ATTITUDE AND PRATICE
RELATED TO RISK FACTORS OF NECK PAIN
IN SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY TEACHERS
Rabia Wajahat , Nadeem Asghar, Farooq Isalam
Author’s information
Rabia Wajahat (Dpt)
Nadeem Asghar (Bsc (Hons) MS.SPT)
Farooq Islam (Phd scholar)
ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study is to access the knowledge, Attitude and Practice
related to the risk factors of neck pain in school and university teachers.
Method: A Descriptive cross-sectional (KAP) was conducted, and data was collected from
university and school teachers. 359 questionnaire were distributed among the teachers with
age( >25 to>45) years who has 3 years of working experience. A performa was used to
collect the data. Data was analyzed to calculate the results through statistical package for
social sciences (SPSS) version 20.
Results: The age range in this study was (>25 to >45).There were 8.60% mens and 91.40%
females. Overall knowledge was present in 66%, 24.2% had no knowledge, and 9.7% were
unsure. According to attitudes, 0.3% strongly disagreed and 1.4% disagreed. 23.1% were
neutral, 59.9% agreed, and 15.3% strongly agreed. In practice 11.4% has no difficulty.The
difficulty level for 29.2% is modest. The difficulty level is moderate at 29.0%. 25.9% have a
high difficulty level, while 4.5% have a very high difficulty level. The relation between
Knowledge and practice was significant (p<0.5), and relationship between Attitude and
Practice was also significant (p<0.5)
Conclusion: Most teachers with a high age had awareness about the risk factors of neck
pain as a result of their lecturing positions, but most lecturers with a low age had poor
knowledge. The variables showed significant relationship between knowledge and attitude
of the teachers. And relationship between knowledge and practices were also significant
Keywords: Neck pain, lecturing ,teaching , prevention strategies, knowledge , attitude ,
practice
DOI Number: 10.48047/nq.2023.21.7.nq23005 NeuroQuantology2023;21(7):46-54
Introduction:
Teachers are among the professions
where there is a greater risk of neck
pain.1
There are numerous risk factors for
neck pain, including variables related to
the workplace environment and
psychosocial aspects. Poor armrests, desk
heights, and posture cause a variety of
problems, including a tense neck from
repetitive movements.2
Teachers more frequently experience
neck pain, particularly those who use
computers frequently. It is clear that
there are many different individual,
physical, and psychosocial factors that
contribute to and have an impact on the
multifaceted causes of neck pain at work.
46

TEACHERS
The goal of this study was to look at the
risk factors for teachers' neck pain.3
Teachers represent a profession that
looks to be exposed to and at risk for neck
pain as a result of their regular job duties.
Teachers have a variety of daily tasks that
they might complete that prominently
include head-down postures, such as
planning lessons, reading often,
evaluating/marking students, and writing
on a blackboard in bad working
conditions.4
Three elements of risk factors has
identified that contribute to occupation-
related neck pain: individual factors (age,
gender and length of employment),
physical factors (working with computer
or visual display unit, working posture and
duration) and psychosocial factors (job
stress, job satisfaction, work demand and
colleague support)5
Neck discomfort is frequently caused by
psychological risk factors, including
chronic stress, a lack of social support,
anxiety, and depression.6
The fourth most
prevalent health condition for years spent
with a disability worldwide is neck
discomfort.The share of resources
allocated to treating neck discomfort in
the global health system is rising
quickly.Teaching staff at universities
frequently report having neck
problems.Disorders causing neck pain are
more prevalent in women and have a
variety of biopsychosocial characteristics
in common. Small or tall height are
anthropometric characteristics that are
related.Increased computer use and
sitting time are examples of lifestyle
variables. Depression, poor mental health,
stress, and psychological anguish are
examples of psychological factors.7
When compared to other working groups,
research have shown that neck pain (NP)
is one of the most common problems
among teachers.In a different study,
factors such as gender, lack of physical
activity, and unpleasant back supports
were strongly linked to higher NP. Other
factors were age, weight, the number of
children, and years of teachingalso
discovered that among teachers, being
female, old age, and emotional status
were all substantially connected with
developing problemsalso discovered that
among teachers, being female, old age,
and emotional status were all
substantially linked to neck pain.8
Neck discomfort is the primary cause of
physical and occupational disability in
people under the age of 45. Age, sex,
working in an uncomfortable position,
often carrying heavy objects, and
physically demanding employment all up
the risk of neck pain.9
Neck discomfort is a
prevalent complaint in developing nations.
Psychosocial variables, physical factors,
individual characteristics, and perceived
muscular stress are among the key risk
factors for neck pain.By providing
information and effective prevention
methods, neck pain risk factors will be
reduced.
METHODOLOGY
INCLUSION CRITERIA
 Those who are willing to fill the
performa were included
 and those who have atleast 2 years
of teaching experience.
DATA COLLECTION
PROCEDURE
This study was conducted in district
Gujranwala and Gujrat Punjab Pakistan.
Data of 359 were collected trough non-
probability judgemental sampling using a
self-made proforma. After taking written
consent ,necessary demographic data
including age, gender. The participant
were selected who meet inclusion and
exclusion criteria. Individuals of age >25-
>45 were included. This study was
completed within 4 months after the
approval of synopsis. A pilot study was
also conducted at synopsis time.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Data was entered and analysed using
statistical packages for social sciences
(SSPS) software version 20. For
descriptive analysis, mean and standard
deviation, will be calculated for
quantitative variables whereas frequency
47

TEACHERS
and percentages will be calculated for
qualitative variables. For the significance ,
Chi Square test was applied for qualitative
data. All results was calculated at 95%
confidence interval and p-value <0.05 was
considered as a significant value,
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
Informed consent was obtained from the
teachers in the study. We also obtained
permission from teachers of school and
university to conduct the investigation. All
information and data collection were kept
confidential.
RESULTS
Figure 1: Graphical Distribution of Age
48

TEACHERS
Figure 2: Graphical Distribution of Gender 31(8.61%) were male and 328
(91.36%) were female.
Figure 3. knowledge level of participants
Figure 3 shows knowledge level of participants.237(66%) have knowledge 87 (24.2) had not
knowledge and 35(9.7) were not sure.
49

TEACHERS
Figure 4. shows attitude level of participants
Figure 4 shows attitude level of participant 1(0.3%) were strongly disagree 5(1.4%) were
disagree 83(23.1%) were neutral 215(59.9%) were agree 55(15.3%) were strongly agree
Figure 5. Practice level of participant
Figure 5 shows practice level of participant 41(11.4%) had no difficulty 105(29.2%) had low
difficulty 104(29%) had moderate 93(25.9) had high difficulty 16(4.5%)had very high
difficulty
Cross-tabulation:
50

TEACHERS
Knowledge * Practice Crosstabulation
Count
Practice Total
No
Difficulty in
Practices
Low
Difficulty in
Practices
Moderate
Difficulty in
Practices
High
Difficulty in
Practices
Very High
Difficulty in
Practices
Knowled
ge
Yes 13 60 78 73 13 237
No 27 38 13 7 2 87
Not
Sure
1 7 13 13 1 35
Total 41 105 104 93 16 359
Table 4
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 71.605a
8 .000
Table 5
A total of 359 questionnaires were
distributed, for data analysis total of 359
almost 237 had knowledge about risk
factors of neck in which 13 participant
have no difficulty in practices 60 have low
difficulty and 78 moderate and 73 have
high difficulty and 13 participant have
very high difficulty in practices. from 359,
87 participant have no knowledge about
risk factors of neck pain in which 27 have
no difficulty 38 have low difficulty 13 have
moderate 7 have high and 2 participant
have very high difficulty in practices.Total
of 359 only 35 participant were not sure
about study 1 percent participant have no
difficulty 7 have low difficulty 13 have
moderate 13 have high difficulty and 1
percent participant have very high
difficulty. According to Chi-square test our
value is (.000) less than(< 0.5 ) which
means that P value is significant.
Attitude * Practice Cross tabulation
Count
Practice Total
No
Difficulty
in
Practices
Low
Difficulty
in
Practices
Moderate
Difficulty
in
Practices
High
Difficulty
in
Practices
Very High
Difficulty
in
Practices
Attit
ude
strongly
disagree
1 0 0 0 0 1
disagree 2 0 2 1 0 5
neutral 3 22 19 32 7 83
51

TEACHERS
agree 34 62 67 45 7 215
strongly
agree
1 21 16 15 2 55
Total 41 105 104 93 16 359
Table 6
Chi-Square Tests
Value df
Asymp. Sig. (2-
sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 39.884a
16 .001
Table 7
359 were the total participant in which 1
percent of the participant were strongly
disagree about the attitude 1 of the
participant have no difficulty in practices
no have low difficulty no percent of the
participant have moderate difficulty no
have moderate difficulty and no one have
very high difficulty in practices.From total
only 5 percent of the participant are
disagree about attitude 2 percent has no
difficulty no one have low difficulty 2
percent have moderate difficulty 1
percent have high difficulty and no one
have very high difficulty.From total 83
percent were neutral about attitude 3
have no difficulty 22 percent have low
difficulty 19 percent have moderate
difficulty 32 percent has high difficulty
and 7 percent have very high difficulty
about practices. From total participant
215 was agree about attitude 34 has no
difficulty 62 has low difficulty 67 has
moderate difficulty 45 has high and 7
percent has very high difficulty. 55 out of
359 were strongly agree about attitude of
risk factors of neck pain 1 percent has no
difficulty 21 percent has low difficulty 16
percent have moderate 15 have high and
2 percent have very high difficulty.
According to Chai-square test our value
(.001) is (<0.5) which means that p value
is significant
DISCUSSION
This study is Knowledge, Attitude and
Practice about the risk factors of neck
pain in 359 university and school teachers.
The range of age was above 25-45. A
proforma were applied to check the
knowledge , attitude and practice about
the risk factors of neck in university and
school teachers. The answers of questions
were encoded in SPSS software version 20
and details of analysed results are being
discussed. The 66% had knowledge about
risk factor of neck pain while 24.2% has
no knowledge and 9.7% were not sure.
While attitude related to the knowledge is
satisfactory 59.9% and practice has low in
difficulty was 29.2%. The cross relation
between between the knowledge and
practice in which from total 359 237 had
knowledge and 13 had no difficulty 60
had low difficulty 78 had moderate 73 has
high and 13 had very high difficulty in
practices 67 had no knowledge in which
27 has no difficulty 38 has low difficulty
13 has moderate 7 has high and 2 has
very high difficulty from total 359,35 were
not sure in which 1 percent has no
difficulty 7 have low difficulty 13 percent
as moderate difficulty 13 has high and 1
percent were has very high difficulty in
practices. Chi Square results shows value
0.000 which means that p value is
significant .Another cross relation
between Attitude and practice in which
total population were 359 in which total 1
percent were strongly disagree in which 1
percent has no difficulty in practices and 0
have low difficulty and 0 have moderate 0
has high and 0 has very high difficulty in
practices. From total 5 were disagree in
which 2 percent have no difficulty and 0
percent have low difficulty 2 percent had
52

TEACHERS
moderate 1 percent had high difficulty
and 0 percent had very high difficulty in
practices from total 83% were neutral 3
percent had no difficulty 22 percent had
low difficulty 19 percent had moderate 32
had high and 7 percent had very high
difficulty from total 359 215% were
neutral in which 34 percent had no
difficulty 62 had low difficulty 67 percent
had moderate difficulty 45 had high and 7
percent had very high difficulty in
practices. 55 from total had 1 percent had
no difficulty 21 percent had low 16
percent had moderate difficulty 15
percent had high and 2 percent had very
high difficulty in practices Chi Square
results shows(0.001) which means that p
value is significant this study is specifically
investigated the knowledge , attitude and
practice of lecturer about developing risk
factors of neck pain none has explored
knowledge attitude and practice about
risk factors of neck pain in university and
school teachers.
This study looked into lecturers'
understanding of the risk factors and
available preventative measures for neck
pain caused by teaching. 200 lecturers at
Bayero University Kano were included in
this study. Using a validated self-
administered questionnaire, we
investigated their understanding of
related risk factors and preventative
tactics. With the use of descriptive
statistics and correlation statistics, 154
valid responses were examined. Results:
The participants' ages ranged from 26 to
70, with the majority (54.9%) falling
between 41 and 55. While 35.2% had
inadequate information, many (64.8%)
were aware of the risk factors connected
to the development of neck pain.Only
15.5% of respondents had fair
understanding of prospective
preventative techniques, while the
majority (84.5%) had poor knowledge.10
512 people (71.1%) out of a total
distribution of 720 questionnaires replied.
The range of the various companies'
response rates was 61.5 to 83.7%.Two
hundred twenty five women (41.7%) and
two hundred eighty seven men (58.3%)
participated, with 30.1% of participants
under the age of 30 and 29.7% between
the ages of 30 and 39, 26.9% between the
ages of 40 and 49, and 13.3% beyond the
age of 50. With a mean of 39 working
hours per week, the average length of
employment was 10.6 years.18.1% of
people who experienced neck pain in the
past 12 months complained of it
continuously, making up a total of 45.5%
of the population. 64.3% of the patients
overall claimed there was a connection
between their neck pain and their current
job. 3
CONCLUSION: Most teachers with a high
age had awareness regarding the risk
factors connected with the development
of neck as a result of their lecturing
positions, but most lecturers with a low
age had poor knowledge. .There is a need
to educate lecturer on occupation and
work station. The variables showed
significant relationship between
knowledge and attitude of the teachers.
And relationship between knowledge and
practices were also significant
LIMITATIONS
 Medical teachers are
excluded.
 Missing data will be
excluded.
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TEACHERS
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54

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