This document presents a case study of cystitis in a female sheep. The sheep was unable to completely empty its bladder and exhibited frequent urination, lack of appetite, and a distended abdomen. Physical examination revealed an elevated temperature and signs of bladder inflammation. Urine analysis found dark, cloudy urine with a high pH, indicating cystitis. The sheep was treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, and recovered from the infection. Cystitis is defined as bladder inflammation typically caused by bacterial infection, trauma, or tumors and characterized by painful, frequent urination.

1. CASE PRESENTATION ON
CYSTITIS IN SHEEP
VCP-411
SUBMITTED BY:
NANCY JASROTIA
( VB-2K11-1067)

2. CASE NO : 1457
HISTORY TAKING
PATIENT DATA :
• Owner’s name & Address:
Majid shah, R/O Khalmulla
• Species & Breed:
Ovine , Crossbred
• Sex & Age :
Female , 2 .5 yrs
HISTORY OF THE PATIENT:
• unable to void urine completely
• oligouria w/ frequent micturition
• anorexia
• water intake was unaltered…………………………….since last 24 hrs

3. EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT
• Straddling gait
• Urinating posture was maintained for some time even
after urination had actually ceased
• pollakiuria

6. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
• Temp : 102.6 oF
• H/R :80 beats/min
• R/R :16 breaths/min
• Mucus membrane :slightly pink
• Rumen motility: nil
• Abdomen felt distended upon palpation

7. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION:
• urine pH : 7.5
• Rumen pH: 7.1
• Colour of urine: dark straw colored

8. FINAL DIAGNOSIS :
CYSTITIS

9. TREATMENT:
• Inj. Enrocin
3ml I/M OD X 5 days
• Bol. Bovirum
1 boli BID p/o X 3 days
• Inj. Spasmovet
2ml I/M OD X 2 days

10. Animal recovered from the disease …..

11. CYSTITIS

12. • Inflammation of the urinary bladder which is usually
characterized clinically by frequent ,painful urination and the
presence of blood , inflammatory cells and bacteria in the urine
ETIOLOGY :
• Trauma & tumor
• Infection
-bacterial pathogens : E.coli , Staphylococcus
,Streptococcus in small animals , C. renale in cattle,
Eubacterium renale in pigs, Haemophilus
haemoglobinophilus in dogs.
• Common associations :
- cystic calculus
- difficult parturition
- contaminated catheterization
- as a sequel to paralysis of bladder
- late pregnancy

13. PATHOGENESIS :
• Normally , there is bladder wash out .
• In case of disease :
FACTOR(S) :
TRAUMA, TUMOR ,etc….
RETENTION OF URINE
MICROBIAL MULTIPLICATION
INVASION OF BLADDER EP. ,SHEDDING &
HAEMMORHAGE
LARGE NO. OF PUS CELLS, W.B.C., R.B.C. IN URINE

14. CLINICAL FINDINGS:
• Dull & depression
• Frequent desire to urinate
• pollakiuria
• oligouria
• Stranguria
• dysuria
• Palpation of bladder will reveal painful condition
• straddling gait
In case of a bacterial component :
-systemic signs including lethargy and anorexia
Chronic case : similar signs but less marked

15. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY :
Acute cystitis:
• pyuria ,cloudy urine
• Haematuria
• Ammonia odour of urine
• Turbid urine (in less severe case)
• bacteriuria
Chronic cystitis:
• Polypoid cystitis:
polypoid like projections from the mucosa that resemble neoplasms
• Emphysematous cystitis
• Feline idiopathic cystitis
- no gross abnormality in urine
Microscopically :
- presence of erythrocytes, leukocytes & desquamated
epithelial cells in urine sediment .

16. DIAGNOSIS:
• Clinical findings
• Urine analysis:
physical examination –
o urine volume: decreased
o colour: dark red to brown
o transparency : cloudy
o specific gravity: high
chemical examination-o
pH : alkaline
o benzidine test for blood detection : - haematuria
o presence of epithelial cells , pus,bacteria
• Ultrasound : to identify pathology
• Cystogram using air or contrast media

17. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
• Cystic urolithiasis
- urine voided in drops
• Pyelonephritis
- lesions in the kidney

18. LINE OF TREATMENT :
(3) procedures :
1. removal of causative factor
2. flush out the pathogenic org.
3. combatment of infection

19. • removal of calculi , neoplasm etc.
• Bladder irrigation w/ 1:1000 glycerine –
acriflavin . Use of antiseptics like hexamine ,
etc.
• Urinary acidifiers s/a Na acid phosphate,
NH4Cl@40mg/kg B.W.
• Large quantities of fluid ( DNS)

20. •Urinary antispasmodics
•In –vitro AST
(nitrofurantoin , trimethoprim and sulphadiazine
are found to be effective.)

21. THANK YOU ALL...