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WATER BORNE DISEASES
GLOBAL BURDEN
According to cdc,
Globally 7000 deaths
120000 hospitalization
7 million illness
WATER BORNE PATHOGEN
• Vibrio cholerae
• Salmonella typhi
• Salmonella paratyphi
• Shigella spp
• Diarrhoegenic Escherichia coli
• Non tuberculosis mycobacterium
VIRUS
PARASIT
E
BACTERI
A
• Rota virus
• Adeno virus
• Hepatitis
virus A
• Hepatitis
virus E
• Polio virus
• Entamoeba
histolytica
• Giardia lamblia
• Cryptosporidium
spp. & Cyclospora
spp.
• Roundworm
• Threadworm
• Schistosoma spp.
DIARRHOEAL DISEASE PATHWAYS: FECO-
ORAL TRANSMISSION
DIARRHOEAL WATER BORNE DISEASE
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
• Diarhoea
• Fever
• Jaundice
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
COMPLICATION
• Electrolyte irregularities
• Acute renal failure
• Encephalopathy
• Hypovolemic shock
• Hemolytic–uremic syndrome
• Seizures
• Liver, heart, or lung disease.
APPROACH TO LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
SPECIMEN COLLECTION & TRANSPORT
• Fecal specimen - clean, screw capped, wide mouth container.
• Other samples like rectal swab, vomitus or suspected food material can be taken if history suggests, duodenal aspirate in
giardia
• Before antibiotics
• Transport medium (cary blair, vr etc) to use – if delay >2hr
• Three specimens on consecutive days – because organisms may be shed intermittently
• Stool for the following examination should be sent without added preservatives or liquids :-
 Direct wet-mount examination
 C. Difficile toxin assay
 Immunoelectron microscopy for detection of viruses
 ELISA or latex agglutination for rotaviruses
LAB DIAGNOSIS OF DIARHOEAL DISEASE
• Sample- Stool
Vomitus
rectal swab
• Transport – should be immediately as soon as possible.
Cary-Blair transport medium
Alkalline peptone water
Alkalline peptone
water
Cary blair
medium
CULTURE METHODS
• FOR SALMONELLA/ SHIGELLA:
PLATING MEDIA
MILDLY SELECTIVE -
MACCONKEY AGAR
HIGHLY SELECTIVE - XLD, DCA
AGAR
ENRICHMENT BROTH - SELENITE F
• FOR V. CHOLERAE, USE: BLOOD AGAR, TCBS (SELECTIVE),
ALKALINE PEPTONE WATER
E.Coli in XLD
Selenite F broth Alkaline
peptone
water
MacConkey Agar
uninnoculated
TCBS Agar
IDENTIFICATION
• APPROPRIATE BIOCHEMICAL TESTS
- EG- INDOLE, TSI, CITRATE UTILISATION, UREA HYDROLYSIS,
METHYL RED, VP
.
TSI
Test
SEROTYPING
– BY GROUP SPECIFIC AND TYPE SPECIFIC ANTISERA
ANTIMICROBIAL SUCEPTIBILITY TESTING
– FOR CHOOSING APPROPRIATE DRUG FOR TREATMENT
TISSUE CULTURE-
• FOR DETECTION OF ENTERO VIRUS
• ETEC, EHEC
ANTIGEN DETECTION-
• ELISA
• ICT
• LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST
MOLECULAR METHODS-
• PCR
TOXIC DETECTION-
• ELISA
• PCR
LAB DIAGNOSIS OF NON DIARRHOEAL
DISEASE
• For typhoid : Blood –Culture and sensitivity & widal test
• For hepatitis: serum- ELISA, vidas , immunochromatographic test.
THANK YOU

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Water borne diseases.pptx

  • 2.
  • 3. GLOBAL BURDEN According to cdc, Globally 7000 deaths 120000 hospitalization 7 million illness
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10. WATER BORNE PATHOGEN • Vibrio cholerae • Salmonella typhi • Salmonella paratyphi • Shigella spp • Diarrhoegenic Escherichia coli • Non tuberculosis mycobacterium VIRUS PARASIT E BACTERI A • Rota virus • Adeno virus • Hepatitis virus A • Hepatitis virus E • Polio virus • Entamoeba histolytica • Giardia lamblia • Cryptosporidium spp. & Cyclospora spp. • Roundworm • Threadworm • Schistosoma spp.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. DIARRHOEAL DISEASE PATHWAYS: FECO- ORAL TRANSMISSION
  • 15. DIARRHOEAL WATER BORNE DISEASE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS • Diarhoea • Fever • Jaundice • Abdominal pain • Nausea and vomiting
  • 16. COMPLICATION • Electrolyte irregularities • Acute renal failure • Encephalopathy • Hypovolemic shock • Hemolytic–uremic syndrome • Seizures • Liver, heart, or lung disease.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 21. SPECIMEN COLLECTION & TRANSPORT • Fecal specimen - clean, screw capped, wide mouth container. • Other samples like rectal swab, vomitus or suspected food material can be taken if history suggests, duodenal aspirate in giardia • Before antibiotics • Transport medium (cary blair, vr etc) to use – if delay >2hr • Three specimens on consecutive days – because organisms may be shed intermittently • Stool for the following examination should be sent without added preservatives or liquids :-  Direct wet-mount examination  C. Difficile toxin assay  Immunoelectron microscopy for detection of viruses  ELISA or latex agglutination for rotaviruses
  • 22. LAB DIAGNOSIS OF DIARHOEAL DISEASE • Sample- Stool Vomitus rectal swab • Transport – should be immediately as soon as possible. Cary-Blair transport medium Alkalline peptone water Alkalline peptone water Cary blair medium
  • 23. CULTURE METHODS • FOR SALMONELLA/ SHIGELLA: PLATING MEDIA MILDLY SELECTIVE - MACCONKEY AGAR HIGHLY SELECTIVE - XLD, DCA AGAR ENRICHMENT BROTH - SELENITE F • FOR V. CHOLERAE, USE: BLOOD AGAR, TCBS (SELECTIVE), ALKALINE PEPTONE WATER
  • 24. E.Coli in XLD Selenite F broth Alkaline peptone water
  • 26. IDENTIFICATION • APPROPRIATE BIOCHEMICAL TESTS - EG- INDOLE, TSI, CITRATE UTILISATION, UREA HYDROLYSIS, METHYL RED, VP . TSI Test
  • 27. SEROTYPING – BY GROUP SPECIFIC AND TYPE SPECIFIC ANTISERA ANTIMICROBIAL SUCEPTIBILITY TESTING – FOR CHOOSING APPROPRIATE DRUG FOR TREATMENT
  • 28. TISSUE CULTURE- • FOR DETECTION OF ENTERO VIRUS • ETEC, EHEC ANTIGEN DETECTION- • ELISA • ICT • LATEX AGGLUTINATION TEST MOLECULAR METHODS- • PCR TOXIC DETECTION- • ELISA • PCR
  • 29. LAB DIAGNOSIS OF NON DIARRHOEAL DISEASE • For typhoid : Blood –Culture and sensitivity & widal test • For hepatitis: serum- ELISA, vidas , immunochromatographic test.
  • 30.