2. The songThe song ""Jana-gana-manaJana-gana-mana"",,
 composed bycomposed by Rabindranath TagoreRabindranath Tagore,,
adopted by the Constituent Assembly as theadopted by the Constituent Assembly as the
national anthem of India on 24January 1950.national anthem of India on 24January 1950.
It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at theIt was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the
Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.
The complete song consists ofThe complete song consists of five stanzasfive stanzas..

3. English version
Thou art the ruler of the minds of all
people,
Dispenser of India's destiny.
Thy name rouses the hearts of
Punjab, Sind,
Gujarat and Maratha,
Of the Dravida and Orissa and
Bengal;
It echoes in the hills of the
Vindyas and Himalayas,
Mingles in the music of Jamuna
and Ganges and is
Chanted by the waves of the
Indian Sea.
They pray for thy blessings and
sing thy praise.
The saving of all people waits in
thy hand,
Thou dispenser of India's
destiny.
Victory, victory, victory to thee.
Hindi version
Jana-gana-mana-adhinayaka, jaya
he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Punjaba-Sindhu-Gujarata-
Maratha
Dravida-Utkala-Banga
Vindhya-Himachala-Yamuna-
Ganga
Uchchala-Jaladhi-taranga.
Tava shubha name jage,
Tava shubha asisa mage,
Gahe tava jaya gatha,
Jana-gana-mangala-dayaka
jaya he
Bharata-bhagya-vidhata.
Jaya he, jaya he, jaya he,
Jaya, jaya, jaya, jaya he!

4.  The national emblem of India is a
replica of the Lion at Sarnath, near
Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
 The Lion Capital was erected in the
third century BC by Emperor Ashoka to
mark the spot where the Buddha first
proclaimed his gospel of peace and
emancipation.
 The national emblem is thus symbolic
of contemporary India's reaffirmation
of its ancient commitment to world
peace and goodwill.

5.  The four lions (one hidden from view), symbolising power,
courage and confidence, rest on a circular abacus.
 The abacus is girded by four smaller animals, that are
considered guardians of the four directions: the lion of
the north, the elephant of the east, the horse of the
south and the bull of the west.
 The abacus rests on a lotus in full bloom, exemplifying the
fountainhead of life and creative inspiration.
 The motto 'Satyameva Jayate' inscribed below the
emblem in Devanagari script means 'truth alone triumphs'.

6.  On 15 August 1947 India and
Pakistan were created. India
adopted the tricolor of orange,
WHITE, and green with a blue
Ashoka Chakra at the center.
 Unofficially this tricolor had been
the flag of the Indian National
Congress.
 The orange color represented
Hinduism, the green color - Islam
and the white color represented
peace. There was a blue spinning
wheel in the center which
represented Gandhi ji's call for
economic self-sufficiency through
hand-spinning

7. Description
 The National flag is a horizontal
tricolor of deep
SAFFRON(KESRI) at the top,
white in the middle and DARK
GREEN at the bottom in equal
proportion.
 The ratio of width of the flag to
its length is two to three.
 In the centre of the white band
is a NAVY BLUE wheel which
represents the chakra. Its
design is that of the wheel
which appears on the abacus of
the Sarnath Lion Capital of
Ashoka. Its diameter
approximates to the width of
the white band and it has 24
spokes
Colours of the flag
 In the national flag of India the
top band is of SAFFRON colour,
indicating the strength and
courage of the country. The white
middle band, indicates peace and
truth with Dharma Chakra. The
last band is GREEN in colour shows
the fertility , growth and
auspiciousness of the land.
 The spoked Ashoka Chakra in the
center of the flag replaced the
Gandhian spinning wheel to add
historical "depth" and separate
the national flag from that of the
Indian National Congress.
This Dharma Chakra depicted the
"wheel of the law" in the Sarnath
Lion Capital made by the 3rd-
century BC Mauryan Emperor
Ashoka. The chakra intends to
show that there is life in
movement and death in stagnation

8. There are some rules and regulations upon
how to fly the flag, based on the 26 January
2002 legislation. These include the following:
The Do's:
1. The National Flag may be
hoisted in educational
institutions (schools, colleges,
sports camps, scout camps, etc.)
to inspire respect for the Flag.
An oath of allegiance has been
included in the flag hoisting in
schools.
2. A member of public, a private
organization or an educational
institution may hoist/display the
National Flag on all days and
occasions, ceremonial or
otherwise consistent with the
dignity and honour of the
National Flag.
3. Section 2 of the new code
accepts the right of all private
citizens to fly the flag on their
premises.
The Don'ts:
1. The flag cannot be used for
communal gains, drapery, or
clothes. As far as possible, it
should be flown from sunrise
to sunset, irrespective of the
weather.
2. The flag cannot be
intentionally allowed to touch
the ground or the floor or
trail in water. It cannot be
draped over the hood, top,
and sides or back of vehicles,
trains, boats or aircraft.
3. No other flag or bunting
can be placed higher than the
flag. Also, no object, including
flowers or garlands or
emblems can be placed on or
above the flag. The tricolour
cannot be used as a festoon,
rosette or bunting.

9. Lord of the Indian
Jungles, is the
National Animal of
India. The tiger is
the symbol of
India's wealth of
wildlife.

10. The magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris (Linnaeus), is a striped
animal. It has a thick yellow coat of fur with dark stripes.
The combination of grace, strength, agility and enormous power
has earned the tiger its pride of place as the national animal of
India.
Out of eight races of the species known, the Indian race, the
Royal Bengal Tiger, is found throughout the country except in
the north-western region and also in the neighbouring countries,
Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
Tigers are now getting extinct. The Government of India, under
its Project Tiger programme, started a massive effort to
preserve the tiger population in 1973. Today, the tiger advances
as a symbol of India's conservation of itself its wildlife
heritage.

11. The male bird of species Pavo cristatus,
the peacock is a native of India, with
striking plumage and upper tail converts
marked with iridescent ocelli, and able
to expand its tail erect like fan as
ostentatious display. Peacocks are
related to pheasants.
Found wild in India (and also
domesticated in villages) they live in
jungle lands near water.
They were once bred for food but now
hunting of peacocks is banned in India.
The peahen has no plumage.
These birds do not sound as beautiful as
they look - they have a harsh call.

12. The National Tree of India is The
Banyan Tree. , Ficus bengalensis This
huge tree towers over its neighbors
and has the widest reaching roots of all
known trees, covering several acres.
It sends off new shoots from its
roots, so that one tree is really a
tangle of branches, roots, and trunks.
The banyan tree regenerates and lives
for an incredible length of time--thus
it is thought of as the immortal tree.
Its size and leafy shelter are valued in
India as a place of rest and reflection,
not to mention protection from the hot
sun! It is still the focal point and
gathering place for local councils and
meetings.

13. Lotus scientifically known
as Nelumbo Nucifera is the
National Flower of India.
It is a sacred flower and
occupies a unique position
in the art and mythology of
ancient India and has been
an auspicious symbol of
Indian culture since time
immemorial.

14. The Lotus symbolises divinity, fertility, wealth, knowledge and
not to forget enlightenment.
Lending to its uniqueness, the flower grows in murky waters and
rises on a long stalk above the surface to bloom glorious.
It is also a symbol of triumph, since the lotus is rooted in the
mud and can survive to regerminate for thousands of years. It
represents long life, honor, and good fortune.
Untouched by the impurity, lotus symbolises the purity of heart
and mind.
The lotus holds additional significance for Hindus, as it is a
symbol of God and used often in religious practices.

15. The Mango ,Mangifera indica is the
national fruit. It has been cultivated in
India since time immemorial.
There are over 100 varieties of mangos
in India, in a range of colors, sizes, and
shapes.
Common in the tropical part of the
world, mangos are savored for their
sweet juice and bright colors.
People in India eat mangos ripe, or
prepare them green as pickles or
chutneys.
They are rich in vitamin A, C, and D.
Akbar planted 100,000 mango trees in
Darbhanga, known as Lakhibagh.

16. The song Vande Mataram,
composed in Sanskrit by
Bankimchandra Chatterji, was a
source of inspiration to the people
in their struggle for freedom.
It has an equal status with Jana-
gana-mana.
The first political occasion when it
was sung lhras the 1896 session of
the Indian National Congress.

17. Hindi version
• Vande Mataram!
Sujalam, suphalam, malayaja
shitajam,
Shasyashyamalam, Mataram
Shubhrajyothsna
puiakitayaminim,
Phullakusumita drumadala
shobhinim,
Suhasinim sumadhura
bhashinim,
Sukhadam varadam, Mataram!
The English translation of the
stanza rendered by Sri
Aurobindo in prose' is:
• I bow to thee, Mother,
richly-watered, richiy-fruited,
cool with the winds of the
south,
dark with the crops of the
harvests,
The Mother!
Her nights rejoicing in the
glory of the moonlight,
her lands clothed beautifully
with her trees in flowering
bloom,
Sweet of laughter, sweet of
speech,
The Mother, giver of boons,
giver of bliss.