Village office manual - kerala Land Revenue manual vol 6 uploaded by James Joseph Adhikarathil, Kottayam 9447464502 Your land laws consultant. realutionz

tIcf em³Uv dhyq amzÂ
hmeyw þVI
hntÃPv Hm^okv amzÂ
em³UvdhyqhIp¸v,tIcfw
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tIcf em³Uv dhyq amzÂ hmeywþVI 2
KERALALAND REVENUE MANUAL Vol. VI
(Issued by the authority of the Government of Kerala)
Printed and Published by:
The Commissioner Of Land Revenue
First Edition:
March, 2019
Second Edition:
Typeset and Layout by:
A.R. Helen
Printed At:
KBPS, Kakkanad
Compiled by:
Sri. G.Balachandran Pillai
Sri.A.R. Nandagopan
Sri. V.R. Jayaprakash and
Smt. Sreelatha Nair.S
No. Of Copies :
5000
Price: 500/-
© Copyright reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, printed or
distributed in any form or by any means without prior written permission of the
publisher.
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3
tIcfem³UvdhyqamzÂ
hmeyw þ VI
hntÃPvHmôkvamzÂ
`mKwþ I
Hmôkv {]hÀ¯w
A²ymbwþ1
hntÃPpw hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw
JWvUnI t]Pv
1. hntÃPv 32
2. hntÃPv Hmôkpw Hmôkv ap{Zbpw 32
3. hntÃPv DtZymKØÀ 32
4. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS nbahpw 33
]co£m tbmKyXIfpw
5. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw s]cpamä¨«§fpw 33
6. lmPcmtI aWn¡qdpIÄ 33
7. Xmakn¨v lmPcmIÂ 34
8. eohv AphZn¡Â 34
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9. ssIhiapff ]W¯nsâ hnhcw 35
10. HmôknÂ n¶pw ]pd¯pt]mIp¶Xv 35
11. Poh¡mcpsS s]cpamähpw aäpw 35
12. CSne¡msc Hgnhm¡Â 35
13. NmÀPv HmôkÀ 35
14. hntÃPv Poh¡mÀ ]»nIv skÀhâpamcmbncn¡psa¶v 36
A²ymbwþ 2
hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS IÀ¯hy§Ä
15. hntÃPv HmôkdpsS NpaXeIÄ 37
16. hntÃPv HmôkdpsS aäp {][m
IÀ¯hy§Ä 37
17. kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkdpsSbpw 39
hntÃPv AknÌânsâbpw ISaIÄ
18. hntÃPv ôÂUv AknÌâ v nÀÆlnt¡ ISaIÄ 40
19. hntÃPv AknÌâ v, kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ 41
F¶nhÀ¡v NpaXeIÄ hoXn¨p ÂIÂ
20. hntÃPv HmôkdpsS A`mh¯nÂ 41
]Icw NpaXe nÀÆln¡Â
21. I¯nS]mSpIfpw tae[nImcnIÄ¡pff dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw 41
22. NmÀPv ssIamäw 42
23. hntÃPv Ubdn 43
`mKwþ II
`qanbpw `qnIpXnbpw IpSnÈnIbpw
A²ymbwþ 3
`qanbpw Ap`h{Ia§fpw
(F) skänÂsaâ v Imes¯ Ap-`-h-{I-a-§Ä
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5
24. skänÂsaâ v 45
25. XncphnXmwIqdnse Ap`h{Ia§Ä 46
26. sIm¨nbnse Ap`h{Ia§Ä 52
27. ae_mdnse Ap`h{Ia§Ä 53
28. ImkÀtKmUv {]tZis¯ Ap`h{Ia§Ä 56
(_n) ne-hnse Ap-`-h-{I-a-§Ä
29. `qan-bpsS Cw 57
30. `qanbpsS Xcw 58
A²ymbwþ 4
em³Uv dn¡mÀUv kwc£Ww
31. em³Uv dn¡mÀUv kwc£Ww 60
32. skänÂsaâ v dn¡mÀUpIÄ 60
33. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS ISaIÄ 61
34. hntÃPv AknÌâpamcpsS ISaIÄ 61
35. ]pXnb dhyq ôÂUpIfpsSbpw k_v
UnhnjpIfpsSbpw AXnÀ¯n 62
nÀ®bhpw am¸v X¿mdm¡epw
36. ]pXnb k_v UnhnjpIÄ 63
37. ]pXnb k_v Unhnj³ S¸nÂ hcp¯p¶Xnp
thnbpÅ S]Sn{Iaw 64
39. ôÂUv Afhv joäpIÄ 66
40. ôÂUv am¸nsâ ]IÀ¸v X¿mdm¡p¶Xnsbpw
hnXcWw sN¿p¶Xnsbpw kw_Ôn¨v 67
41. kÀsÆ ASbmf§fpsS kwc£Ww 67
42. kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä kw_Ôn¨ cPnÌdpIÄ 67
43. kÀsÆ IÃpIfpsS ]cntim[ 68
44. XntbmUsseäv IÃpIfpsS ]cntim[ 69
45. kÀsÆ ASbmfw ]pxØm]n¡p¶Xnpff
sNehpIÄ 69
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46. kÀsÆ AUzm³kv A¡uv 70
48. do kÀsÆ A]mI§Ä 71
A²ymbwþ5
nIpXn]ncnhpw HSp¡pw
49. `qnIpXn AYhm em³Uv dhyq 73
50. k©mbhpw ]ehIbpw- 74
51. InkvXpw InkvXp _µnbpw 74
52. ]pXp-ap-Xepw IpSn-Èn-Ibpw ]pXp-Ip-Sn-Èn-Ibpw 75
53. nÀ¯Â/ Ipdhv 75
54. IcsamSp¡p kw_Ôn¨ hyhØIÄ 76
55. Icw HSp¡v ckoXv X¿mdm¡p¶Xv 77
56. ]ncnhp]Ww hchphbvt¡ {Iaw 78
57. ]ncnhv ]Ww JPmhnÂ HSp¡p¶ coXn- 79
dhyq C-þt]-bvsaâ v knÌw
59. ]Ww kzoIcn¡Â 79
60. ]WsamSp¡v 80
A²ymbwþ 6
ASnØm`qnIpXn
61. `qnIpXn nÀ®bw 81
62. nIpXn nÀ®bm[nImcn 82
63. A¸oÂ 82
64. ae_mÀ em³Uv cPnkvt{Sj³ nbaw 83
A²ymbwþ 7
sI«nSnIpXn
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7
65. sI«nS nIpXnbpw nIpXnZmbIpw 84
66. nIpXn Npa¯p¶XnÂ n¶pw Hgnhm¡nbn«pff
sI«nS§Ä 85
67. XhWbpw ]eni nc¡pw 85
68. dnt«¬ 86
69. hn]peoIcWw kw_Ôn¨ hyhØ 86
70. BUw_cnIpXn 86
71. tlmwtÌ 87
72. s]mXptaJem Øm]§fpsS sI«nS§Ä 87
73. ^vfmäpIfpsS sI«nSnIpXn IW¡m¡p¶Xv 87
74. Xmak Xma-tk-Xc sI«n-S-§Ä tNÀ¶p-h-cp-t¼m-gpÅ
nIpXnnÀ®bw 87
75. nIpXn nÀ®-b-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v hntÃ-tPm-^o-k-dpsS
Npa-X-e-IÄ 88
76. Xd-hn-kvXoÀ®w Af¶p Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-Xm-sW¶v 89
A²ymbwþ 8
PetkN nIpXn
77. ]Ým¯ew 90
78. ]²Xn {]tZiw 90
79. PetkN nIpXn 91
A²ymbwþ 9
dhyq dn¡hdn
(F) dhyq dn¡hdn
80. dhyq dn¡hdn nbaw kw_Ôn¨v 92
81. `qanbnÂ Npa¯s¸« s]mXp nIpXnbpw
t{]mkkv]Snbpw 92
82. dhyq dn¡hdn nbahpw dhyq DtZymKØcpw 93
83. PnÃmIfIvSdpsS A[nImcw 94
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84. dhyq dn¡hdn nbahpw hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw 95
85. PwKa P]vXnbpw teehpw 96
86. Ømhc P]vXnbpw teehpw 98
87. t_m«vþC³þem³Uv kw_Ôn¨ hyhØIÄ 100
88. tm«okpIfpw D¯chpIfpw St¯ hn[w 101
89. If£³ NmÀPpw kÀÆokv NmÀÖpw 103
90. AdÌv kw_Ôn¨ S]Sn{Iaw 103
(_n) dhyq dn¡hdn þ Hm¬sse³
92. Unam³Uv tm«okpIÄ {]nâu«v FSpt¡Xv 104
93. Unam³Uv aS¡p¶Xnpff S]Sn{Iaw 104
94. ]ncnhp hnhc§fpsS tcJs¸Sp¯Â 105
95. HSp¡p hnhcw 105
96. tÌ hnhc§Ä 105
97. apXÂþ ]ncnhvþ _m¡n ]{XnI 105
98. AÀ°m[nImcnIÄ tNÀ¡p¶ hnhc§Ä 106
`mKwþ III
`qkwc£Whpw J {]hÀ¯§fpw
A²ymbwþ 10
kÀ¡mÀ `qan kwc£Ww
100. kÀ¡mÀ hI hkvXphIIÄ 108
101. ]pdt¼m¡v 109
102. It¿ä§fpsS kz`mhw 109
103. kÀ¡mÀ hI hkvXphIIfpw dhyq DtZymKØcpw 110
104. IfÎdpw NpaXeIfpw 110
105. A[nIrX {]thi§Ä hntÃPv Xe¯nÂ
ssIImcyw sN¿p¶XnpÅ S]Sn{Iaw 111
106. cPnÌdpIÄ, A¡upIÄ F¶nhbpsS ]cn]mew 112
107. tm«okpIfpw D¯chpIfpw S¯p¶Xv kw_Ôn¨v 113
108. Hgn¸n¡Â S]SnIÄ 113
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9
109. aäp Nne `qanIÄ¡pw Cu nbaw _m[IamsW¶v 114
110. hntÃPvXe PIob kanXn 114
A²ymbwþ 11
sÂhbÂ þ X®oÀ¯S kwc£Ww
111. Dt±iy e£y§Ä 115
112. sÂhbepw X®oÀ¯Shpw 115
113. ]cnhÀ¯hpw cq]mćhpw 115
114. tUäm _m¦pw hnÚm]w sN¿s¸Sm¯ `qanbpw 116
115. tUäm _m¦nse DffS¡§Ä Xncp¯p¶Xnpff
S]Sn{Iaw 117
116. {]mtZinIXe nco£WkanXn 118
117. sÂhbepIÄ cq]mćs¸Sp¯p¶XnpÅ At]£IÄ 119
118. hnÚm]w sN¿s¸Sm¯ `qanbpsS kz`mhhyXnbmw 120
119. dnt¸mÀ«nMv HmôkÀ- 122
120. A[nImcs¸Sp¯s¸« DtZymKØ³ 122
121. hml§fpw aäpw ]nSns¨Sp¯mepÅ S]Sn{Iaw 123
122. Xcnin«ncn¡p¶ sÂhbepIfnÂ IrjnsN¿p¶XnpÅ
hyhØ 123
123. dhyq tcJIfnÂ amäw hcp¯p¶Xnpff S]SnIÄ 123
A²ymbwþ 12
`qhnntbmKw
124. `qhnntbmK D¯chnsâ Dt±iyw 125
125. ]cnhÀ¯w 125
126. `£yhnfIÄ 125
127. ]cnhÀ¯¯npÅ nb{´Ww 125
128. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS NpaXeIÄ 126
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A²ymbwþ 13
eLp[mXp¡Äþ Jhpw IS¯ns¡mpt]mIepw
129. eLp[mXp¡Ä (Minor Minerals)- 128
130. nbaewL§Ä 128
131. nbahncp² {]hÀ¯§Äs¡Xncmbn
kzoIcnt¡ S]SnIÄ 129
132. J s]Àanäntm eokntm DÅ
At]£bvs¡m¸w hntÃPv Hm^oknÂ n¶pw
ÂtI tcJIÄ 129
133. km[mcW a®v kw_Ôn¨ hyhØ 129
134. hmkKrl nÀ½mWhpw Jhpw 130
135. andÂ {Sm³knäv ]mkpIÄ 130
136. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS IÀ¯hy§Ä 130
A²ymbwþ 14
aWÂhmcÂnb{´Whpw ZoXoc kwc£Whpw
138. ZnIfpsS kwc£W NpaXe 131
139. IShpI½nänbpw {]hÀ¯§fpw 132
140. aWÂ hmcÂ kw_Ôn¨ nb{´W§Ä 132
141. A[nIrX aWÂ hmcÂ 132
`mKwþ IV
`qanþ AhImihpw ssIamähpw
A²ymbwþ 15
`qan ]Xnhv
(F) `qan ]Xn-hv þ s]mXp-hy-h-Ø-IÄ
142. `qan ]Xn-hv 135
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11
143. ]Xnhv enÌv 135
144. kÀ¡mÀ `qan-IÄ ]Xn¨p ÂIp-¶-Xnp
ap¼mbn tm«okv {]kn-²-s¸-Sp-¯-W-sa¶v- 136
145. ]Xnhv At]-£ 136
146. ]Xnhv dnt¸mÀ«v 137
147. ]«bw Ap-h-Zn-¨m-epÅ S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä 138
(_n) {Kma-]-©m-b¯v {]tZ-i-§-fnse `qan ]Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ
148. ]Xnhv GXv Bh-iy-§Äs¡-¶v 139
149. ssIh-i-`qan (Occupied land) 139
150. ]Xn¨p ÂIm-hp¶ Irjn `qan-bpsS ]c-am-h[n ]cn-[n 140
151. hoSp-nÀ½m-W-¯npw AbÂ`q-an-bpsS
KpW-I-c-amb D]-tbm-K-¯npw ]Xn-¨p-ÂIm-hp¶
`qan-bpsS ]c-am-h[n ]cn[n 141
152. IpSpw-_w 141
153. ]Xnhv n_-Ô--IÄ 141
154. ]Xn-¨p-ÂIm³ ]mSn-Ãm¯ `qan-IÄ 143
155. ]Xn¨p ÂIm³ A[n-Im-c-s¸« DtZym-K-Ø³ 143
156. ]m«hpw ssek³kpw 143
(kn) apn-kn-¸m-enän/tImÀ¸-td-j³ {]tZ-is¯
`qan-]-Xnhv S-]-Sn-IÄ
157. ]«bw GsXms¡ Bh-iy-§Ä¡v Ap-h-Zn-¡m-sa-¶v 144
158. ]Xn¨p ÂIm-hp¶ `qan-bpsS ]c-am-h[n ]cn-[n 145
159. ]Xnhv dnt¸mÀ«v X¿m-dm-¡p-t¼mÄ
{i²n-t¡ S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä 145
160. ]Xnhp n_-Ô--IÄ 145
161. ]Xn¨p ÂIm³ ]mSn-Ãm¯ `qan-IÄ 146
162. ]«bw Ap-h-Zn¨ tij-apÅ S-]-Sn-{I-a-§Ä 146
163. ]m«w 146
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(Un) h`qan IpSntbäw {Ias¸Sp¯Â
164. ]Xn¨p ÂImhp¶ h`qan 147
165. IpSpw_w, `q]cn[n F¶nh 147
166. F´mhiy§Ä¡v ]Xn¨p ÂImsa¶v 147
167. ]Xnhnv AÀlcmbhÀ 148
168. ssIhiw kw_Ôn¨ hyhØ 148
169. ]Xnhv S]Sn{Iaw 148
(C) ImÀUaw skänÂsaâ v
170. ImÀUaw skänÂsaâ v 149
171. hntÃPptZymKØcpsS NpaXeIÄ 149
A²ymbwþ 16
t]m¡phchv AYhm Paamäw
(F) t]m¡phchv
172. t]m¡phchv 151
173. kzaÊmsebpff hkvXp ssIamäw 152
174. nÀ_ÔnX ssIamäw 152
175. ]n³XpSÀ¨mhImiw 152
176. ]{´v hÀjtam AXnÂ IqSpXtem Imew
FXnÀ ssIhimhImiw sXfnbn¡p¶ hyànbpsS
t]À¡pff ssIamäw 153
177. k_v cPnkv{SmdpsS NpaXe 154
178. hntÃPv Hm^okdpsS NpaXeIÄ 154
179. hnÂ¸-{X-§-fpsS t]m¡phchv 155
180. Iq«hImiapff `qanIÄ 156
181. t]m¡phchv A¸oÂ 157
182. ]«bpw ]«-bhpw 157
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13
(_n) Hm¬sse³ t]m¡phchv
184. dhyq Cât{KäUv em³Uv C³^Àtaj³ knÌw--- -(ReLIS) 158
A²ymbwþ 17
`q]cnjvIcWw
186. Dt±iye£y§Ä 160
(F) IpSn-bm-bva- tI-kp-IÄ
187. IpSnbmbva 160
(_n) IpSn-InS¸p tIkp-IÄ
188. IpSnInS¸pImc³ 162
(kn) `q]-cn[n- tI-kp-IÄ
189. `q]cn[n 162
190. an¨`qan GsäSp¡Â 166
191. kzta[bm hn«psImSp¡p¶XnÂ GsäSp¡Â 166
192. `qan hn«psImSp¡phm³ hnk½Xn¡p¶]£w GsäSp¡Â 167
193. CS¡me GsäSp¡Â 167
194. an¨`qan GsäSp¡enÂ hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS
IÀ¯hy§Ä 168
195. 7þC nba {]ImcapÅ tIkpIÄ 168
196. koenMv tIkpIfn³taepÅ S]SnIÄ 169
A²ymbwþ 18
`qan hns«mgnbepw AywnÂ¸pw
(F) `qan hns«m-gn-bÂ
197. `qan hns«mgnbÂ 170
198. `qan hns«mgnbp¶Xnpff S]Sn{Iaw 170
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199. hntÃPv Hm^okdpsS IÀ¯hy§Ä 171
200. hns«mgnª `qanbpsS hnhc§Ä ]pdt¼m¡v
cPnÌdnÂ DÄs¸Sp¯Wsa¶v 171
(_n) AywnÂ¸v- tI-kp-IÄ
201. Aywn¶ hkvXphIIÄ 172
203. GsäSp¯ hkvXp¡Ä s]mXptee¯nÂ hnÂ¡Wsa¶v 173
204. Gsä-Sp¯ Ømhc hkvXp-¡-fn³ta-epÅ XpSÀ S-]-Sn-IÄ173
A²ymbwþ 19
`qan ssIamäw
206. `qanssIamä¯npÅ At]£ 174
207. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS ISaIÄ 174
A²ymbwþ 20
`qan GsäSp¡Â
208. `qan GsäSp¡Â nbaw 176
209. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS IÀ¯hy§Ä 176
210. alÊÀ X¿mdm¡pt¼mÄ {i²nt¡ Imcy§Ä 177
`mKwþ V
]ucm[njvTnX tkh§Ä
A²ymbwþ 21
hntÃPv DtZym-K-Øcpw kÀ«n^n¡äpIfpw
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15
212. kÀ«n^n¡äv 181
213. At]£I³ 181
214. At]£IÄ X¿mdm¡p¶Xv 182
215. At]£bnt·Â kzoIcnt¡ s]mXphmb S]SnIÄ 183
216. hntÃPv Hm^okÀ AphZn¡p¶ km£y]{X§Ä 184
217. XlknÂZmÀ ÂIp¶ km£y]{X§fnse AtzjW
dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ 186
218. CþUnkv{SnIväv ]²Xn 186
219. kÀ«n^n¡äpIfnt·epÅ A¸oepIÄ 186
(F) `qan-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« km£y-]-{X-§Ä
220. ssIhimhImi kÀ«n^n¡äv 187
221. ssIhimhImi P]vXnclnX km£y]{Xw 188
222. semt¡j³ kÀ«n^n¡äv 188
223. semt¡j³ am¸v 188
224. `qanbpsS hne nÀ®b kÀ«n^n¡äv (Valuation Certificate) 189
225. tkmÄh³kn kÀ«n^n¡ävv 190
(_n) hyàn/IpSpw_ _Ô km£y-]-{X-§Ä
226. tänhnän kÀ«n^n¡äv 191
227. sUmansskÂ kÀ«n^n¡äv- 191
228. hyXykvX t]cpIfnÂ/ taÂhnemk§fnÂ
Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv HcmfmsW¶ km£y]{Xw
(One and the same Certificate)- 191
229. Xncn¨dnbÂ km£y]{Xw (Identification Certificate) 192
230. Pohn¨ncn¡p¶p F¶ km£y]{Xw (Life Certificate) 192
231. _Ôw sXfnbn¡p¶ km£y]{Xw
(RelationshipCertificate) 192
232. hn[h/hn`mcy³ kÀ«n^n¡äv (Widow/Widower Certificate)- 192
233. ØncXmak kÀ«n^n¡äv (Residence Certificate) 193
234. B{inXmsW¶ km£y]{Xw (Dependency Certificate) 193
235. IpSpw_mwKXz kÀ«n^n¡äv
(FamilyMembership Certificate) - 193
236. A´cmhImi kÀ«n^n¡äv (Legal Heirship Certificate) 194
237. ssatmdnän kÀ«n^n¡äv (MinorityCertificate) 200
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238. AKXn kÀ«n^n¡äv (Destitute Certificate) 200
239. PmXn/ kapZmb kÀ«n^n¡äv 201
240. ]«nIPmXn/]«nI tKm{X hÀKw 201
241. an{i hnhmlnXcnsemcmÄ SC/ST BbmÂ a¡fpsS 202
PmXn ØnXn
242. {InkvXpaX¯nte¡v aX]cnhÀ¯w sNbvX ]«nIhÀK
hn`mK¡mcpsS PmXn ØnXn 203
243. aX]cnhÀ¯tijw XncnsI lnµpaXw kzoIcn¨
]«nIPmXn hn`mK¡mcpsS PmXnØnXn 204
244. aäp kwØm§fnÂ n¶p IpSntbdnb ]«nIPmXn/
hÀK¡mcpsS PmXn ØnXn 204
245. `mjm yq]£hn`mKamsW¶ kÀ«n^n¡äv
(LinguisticMinorityCertificate) 205
246. an{i PmXn hnhml kÀ«n^n¡äv
(Inter CasteMarriage Certificate) 205
247. hcpam kÀ«n^n¡äv 206
248. hcpam nÀ®bw 207
249. tm¬ {IoaosebÀ kÀ«n^n¡äv 209
A²ymbwþ 22
Zpcn-Xm-izm-kþt£a {]hÀ¯§Ä
250. ZpcnXmizmk S]SnIÄ 213
251. AXym-ln-X-§Ä hntÃPv Hm^o-kÀ dnt¸mÀ«v
sN¿-W-sa¶v 213
252. hcÄ¨m ZpcnXmizmkw 214
253. BpIqey§Ä¡v AÀlcmbhcpsS ]«nI 214
254. apJya{´nbpsS ZpcnXmizmk n[nbnÂ n¶pÅ
[klmbw 214
255. tZiob IpSpw_t£a ]²Xn 215
256. £btcmKnIÄ¡pff [klmbw 215
257. IpjvTtcmKnIÄ¡pÅ [klmbw 216
258. Iym³kÀ tcmKnIÄ¡pÅ [klmbw 216
259. AhiIemImc·mÀ¡pÅ s]³j³ 217
260. kÀ¡kv IemImc·mÀ¡pÅ s]³j³ 217
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A²ymbwþ 23
hnhcmhImi nbaw
261. hnh-cm-h-Imiw 218
262. hnh-cw 218
264. tÌäv ]»nIv C³^Àtaj³ HmôkdpsS NpaXeIÄ 218
265. AknÌâ v tÌäv ]»nIv C³^Àtaj³
HmôkdpsS NpaXeIÄ 219
266. At]£IÄ kaÀ¸nt¡Xv 220
267. At]£bnt·epÅ S]SnIÄ- 220
268. A¸oepIÄ- 221
269. At]£m ôkpw, ]IÀ¸npÅ sNehp ôkpw 222
270. ôkv, sNehpIÄ F¶nhbv¡pÅ ioÀjI§Ä 223
A²ymbwþ 24
tkhmhImi nbaw
271. Dt±iy e£y§Ä 224
272. tkhw F¶mÂ 224
273. At]£ 224
274. nbpà DtZymKØ³ 225
275. tm«okv t_mÀUnÂ hnhc§Ä {]ZÀin¸n¡Â 226
276. At]£Ifnt·epÅ S]SnIÄ- 226
277. A¸oepIÄ 227
278. hntÃPv HmôknÂ n¶pw e`yamIp¶ tkh§fpsS
]«nI 227
`mKwþ VI
hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpIfpw ]cntim[bpw
A²ymbwþ 25
cPnÌdpIfpw A¡upIfpw
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(F) Øncw cPnÌdpIÄ
280. skänÂsaâ v cPnÌÀ- 231
281. ASnØm `qnIpXn cPnÌÀ- 232
282. Øncw cPnÌdpIfnÂ amäw hcp¯m³ ]mSnsÃ¶v 233-
(_n) Xmev¡m-enI cPnÌdpIÄ
283. H¶mw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(kÀ¡mÀ `qanIsf kw_Ôn¨ cPnÌÀ) 239
284. cmw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(dhyq hIp¸[oXbnepff `qanIfnse
hr£hnhc§Ä ImWn¡p¶ cPnÌÀ) 240
285. aq¶mw ¼À cPnÌÀ (kwØm¯np
]pd¯pÅ kÀ¡mÀ hI hkvXp¡fpsS cPnÌÀ) 240
286. memw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(t]m¡phchv cPnÌÀþ H¶mw`mKw / cmw`mKw) 240
287. A©mw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(]Xnhv enÌv) 240
288. Bdmw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(]Xnhv At]£m cPnÌÀ) 241
289. Ggmw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(cmPIob hr£§fpsSbpw ]Xnhv
n_ÔIfpsSbpw cPnÌÀ) 241
290. F«mw ¼À cPnÌÀ (t_m«vþC³þem³Uv cPnÌÀ) 241
291. H³]Xmw ¼À cPnÌÀ (kÀ¡mcnte¡v hns«mgnª
`qanIfpsS cPnÌÀ) 241
292. ]¯mw ¼À cPnÌÀ (kÀ¡mcnte¡v
GsäSp¯ `qanIfpsS cPnÌÀ) 241
293. ]Xnsm¶mw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(HutZymKnI I¯nS]mSv cPnÌÀ) 241
294. ]{´mw ¼À cPnÌÀ (kÀ«n^n¡äv cPnÌÀ) 241
295. ]Xnaq¶mw ¼À cPnÌÀ (^ÀWn¨dpIfpsSbpw
D]IcW§fpsSbpw tÌm¡v cPnÌÀ) 241
296. ]Xnmemw ¼À cPnÌÀ
(ssIamdnb `qanIfpsS cPnÌÀ) 242
(kn) A¡u-p-IÄ
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19
297. H¶mw ¼À A¡uv (IqSpXÂ / Ipdhv A¡uv) 258
298. cmw ¼À A¡uv (]«amä IW¡v) 258
299. aq¶mw ¼À A¡uv (`qkwc£W nbaw
Apkcn¨pÅ dhyq A¡uv) 258
300. memw ¼À A¡uv (`qan]Xnhv A¡uv) 259
301. A©mw ¼À A¡uv (]m« IW¡v) 259
302. Bdmw ¼À A¡uv (]pXp¡pSnÈnI A¡uv) 259
303. Ggmw ¼À A¡uv (IpSnÈnI IW¡v) 259
304. F«mw ¼À A¡uv (Xt¸À A¡uv/Nnä) 259
305. H³]Xmw ¼À A¡uv (mÄhgn) 260
306. ]¯mw ¼À A¡uv (P]vXn S]SnIÄ¡mbn
ip]mÀi sNbvX `qnIpXnIÄ¡mbpÅ A¡uv) 260
307. ]Xnsm¶mw ¼À A¡uv (A[nI¸ncnhv A¡uv) 260
308. ]{´mw ¼À A¡uv (HSp¡v A¡uv) 260
309. ]Xnaq¶mw ¼À A¡uv (nÀ¯Â/Ipdhv A¡uv) 260
310. ]Xnmemw ¼À A¡uv (apXÂþ]ncnhvþ_m¡n
A¡uv) 261
311. ]Xn©mw ¼À A¡uv
(hmÀjnI em³Uv dhyq A¡uv / XhWapS¡w) 261
312. ]Xnmdmw ¼À A¡uv (Iym¸näÂ A¡uv) 261
313. ]Xntgmw ¼À A¡uv (sI«nS nIpXn A¡uv) 261
314. ]Xns«mw ¼À A¡uv (IcsamSp¡v ckoXp
]pkvXI§fpsS A¡uv) 261
315. ]s¯m³]Xmw ¼À A¡uv
(BUw_c nIpXn A¡uv) 262
316. Ccp]Xmw ¼À A¡uv
(PetkN nIpXn A¡uv) 262
317. Ccp]¯n H¶mw ¼À A¡uv
(dhyq dn¡hdn eUvPÀ) 262
A²ymbwþ 26
Pam_ń
318. Pam_ń- 292
319. Pam_ń HmôkÀ 293
320. PnÃm IfÎdpsS NpaXeIÄ 293
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321. Pam_ń dn¡mÀUpIfpw hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw 294
322. Pam_ń {]mYanI ]cntim[bpw
XlknÂZmcpsS NpaXeIfpw 295
323. Pam_ń HmôkdpsS NpaXeIÄ 295
A²ymbwþ 27
dn¡mÀUpIÄ in¸n¡Â
324. dn¡mÀUpIÄ in¸n¡p¶Xnpff NpaXe 297
325. dn¡mÀUpIÄ in¸n¡p¶Xnpff S]Sn{Iaw 297
326. in¸n¡mhp¶ dn¡mÀUpIfpw kab]cn[nbpw 298
327. in¸n¡m³ ]mSnÃm¯ dn¡mÀUpIÄ 299
328. N«¯nÂ ]cmaÀin¨n«nÃm¯ dn¡mÀUpIÄ kw_Ôn¨v 299
`mKwþ VII
]ehI tPmenIÄ
A²ymbwþ 28
sXcsªSp¸pw sk³kkpw
330. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw XncsªSp¸p tPmenIfpw 302
331. thm«À ]«nI ]pXp¡Â 303
332. skIvS-dÂ Hmô-kÀ 303
333. t]mfnMv _q¯pIÄ 303
334. sk³kkv 304
A²ymbwþ 29
tm«okpw alkdpw
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335. tm«oknsâbpw alkdnsâbpw BhiyIX 305
336. tm«okpIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶ hn[w 305
337. alkÀ AYhm ]©ma 308
A²ymbwþ 30
PacW cPnkvt{Sj³
338. cPnkvt{Sjpw sshIn-bpÅ cPn-kvt{S-jpw 312
339. At]£bpw XpSÀS]SnIfpw 313
A²ymbwþ 31
hntÃPv HmôknÂ {]ZÀin¸nt¡ t_mÀUpIfpw tm«okpIfpw
341. ssI¸äv ckoXv kw_Ôn¨ t_mÀUv 315
342. tkhmhImi nba{]ImcapÅ t_mÀUv 315
343. hnhcmhImi nba{]ImcapÅ t_mÀUv 316
344. ]Whpw ]mcntXmjnIhpw Bhiys¸SpItbm
ssI¸äpItbm sN¿cpXv F¶Xp kw_Ôn¨ t_mÀUv 316
345. Hmôkv kabw kw_Ôn¨ t_mÀUv 316
346. apJya{ńbpsS ZpcnXmizmk n[n kw_Ôn¨ t_mÀUv 316
347. tm«okv t_mÀUv 316
A²ymbwþ 32
ASbmfklnXw ]IÀ¸pIÄ
349. ôknsâ nÀ®bw 317
A²ymbwþ 33
kvt^mSIhkvXp nba{]Imcapff S]SnIÄ
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350. PnÃm aPnkvt{SäpamÀ AphZn¡p¶ ssek³kpIÄ 319
351. ncmt£]km£y]{X§Ä 319
A²ymbwþ34
tIcf ]©mb¯v cmPv N«§Ä {]ImcapÅ hntÃPmôkdpsS
NpaXeIÄ
352. hnhc§Ä ÂIp¶Xv 323
353. ]©mb¯v `qanbnse It¿äw dnt¸mÀ«v sN¿Â 323
354. ]©mb¯vtbmK¯nÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ ]s¦Sp¡p¶Xv 323
A²ymbwþ35
hyhlmc S]SnIfpambn _Ôs¸« NpaXeIÄ
355. hntÃPv DtZymK-Øcpw hyh-lmc S-]-Sn-Ifpw 324
356. knhnÂ hyh-lmc S-]-Sn-I-fnÂ hntÃPv Hmô-k-dpsS
tkhw e`y-am-t¡-Xp kw_-Ôn-¨v 325
357. dhyq tcJ-I-fpsS km£ys¸Sp¯nb ]IÀ¸p-IÄ
tImS-Xn-I-fn-te¡v ÂI-W-sa-¶v 325
358. ko³ ¹m³ 325
359. kz¯p-hn-hcw tImS-Xn-IÄ¡p ÂI-W-sa¶v 326
360. {Ia-k-am-[m--]m-e-w 326
361. Poh-stbm kz¯n-stbm _m[n¡m-n-S-bpÅ ieyw
kw_-Ôn¨ ]cm-Xn-IÄ 327
`mKwþ IX
Ap_Ô§Ä
1. Xma-kn-¨pÅ lmP-cp-IÄ (LateAttendance Register) 330
2. t]gvkWÂ Iymjv Un¢tdj³ cPnÌÀ 331
3. ssI¸äv ckoXv (amXrI) 332
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23
4. hntÃPv Ubdn 333
5. k_v Unhn-j³ cPn-ÌÀ (t^mdwþ89) 334
6(A). kÀsÆ AS-bm-f-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶Xp kw_-Ôn¨
cPn-ÌÀ 335
6(B). Xntbm-U-sseäv IÃp-IÄ ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-¶Xp
kw_-Ôn¨ cPn-ÌÀ 336
7. tm«okv cPn-ÌÀ (kÀsÆ) 337
8. kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä ]pXp¡p¶Xnsbpw tISp]mSpIÄ
XoÀ¡p¶Xnsbpw kw_Ôn¨ cPnÌÀ (t^mdwþ 80) 338-339
9. kÀsÆ IÃpIfpsS tÌm¡v, hnXcW cPn-ÌÀ 340
10. dhyq enÌv 341
11. ndp-¯Â / Ipdhv ]{XnI 342
12. Iq«n-t¨À¡-ep-IÄ¡p km[y-X-bpÅ sI«n-S-§-fpsS hnhcw
ImWn-¡p¶ cPn-ÌÀ 343
13. dhyq dn¡-hdn nba {]Imcw hnÚm-]w sN¿-s¸«
Øm]--§-fpsS ]«nI 344-350
14(A). tee Ubdn (d-hyq dn¡-h-dn) 351
14(B). tee al-kÀ (d-hyq dn¡-h-dn) 352-353
15. tm«okv cPnÌÀ 354
16. AdÌv S-]-Sn¡pÅ s{]t^mÀa dnt¸mÀ«v
(d-hyq dn¡-h-dn) 355-356
17 (A).Fþ-t^mdw (`q-kw-c-£W N«-§Ä) 357
17 (B).FFþ-t^mdw (`q-kw-c-£W N«-§Ä) 358
18. tIkv _p¡nMv cPn-ÌÀ (`q-kw-c-£W nb-aw) 359
19. t^mdw ¼À 11 (`q-]-cn-jv¡-cW nb-aw) 360
20. t^mdw ¼À 14 (`q ]cn-jv¡-cW nb-aw) 361
21. `qkm-£y-]-{X-§Ä¡pÅ amXr-Im- A-t]£m t^mdw 362-363
22. hyàn/IpSpw__Ô km£y-]-{X-§Ä¡pÅ amXrIm
At]£m t^mdw 364-365
23. hnhn-[- km£y]{X§fpsS amXrIIÄ 366-407
24. hnhn-[-PmXn ]«n-I-IÄ 408-420
25. At]£m cPn-ÌÀ (hn-h-cm-h-Imi nb-aw) 421
26.A P cPnkvt{Sj³þ s{]mt^mÀa dnt¸mÀ«v 422-423
26.B acW cPnkvt{Sj³þ s{]mt^mÀa dnt¸mÀ«v 424-425
27. kwØm-s¯ hntÃ-Pp-I-fpsS ]«nI 426-452
******
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25
apJhpc
sshhn[y§fmb {]hÀ¯§fpff hyXykvX§fmb
HmôkpIfmepw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ hnjb§fpsS _mlpey¯mepw
kwØms¯ aäp hIp¸pIfnÂ n¶pw XnI¨pw thdn«p nÂ¡p¶ hIp¸mWv
em³Uv dhyq hIp¸v. dhyq hIp¸nÂ nenÂ¡p¶ C¯cw k¦oÀ®§fmb
S]Sn{Ia§Ä eLqIcn¡pIbpw kpXmcyam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xnv ka{Kamb
Hcp em³Uv dhyq amzÂ Bhiysa¶pIv Gsd¡mew ap¼pXs¶ CXnpff
S]SnIÄ Bcw`n¨ncp¶p. tIcf em³Uv dhyq amzensâ Bdmw hmeyhpw
hntÃPv HmôkpIfpsS {]hÀ¯§Ä¡mbpffXpw ka{Kambn
]cnjvIcn¨n«pffXpamb hntÃPv Hmôkv amzÂ Ct¸mÄ kÀ¡mÀ AwKoIcn¨v
dhyq hIp¸nÂ S¸nem¡nbncn¡pIbmWv. {]kvXpX amzensâ BZy
]Xn¸mWv Ct¸mÄ {]kn²oIcn¡p¶Xv. Hmôkv S]Sn{Ia§Ä¡mbpffXmWv
amzÂ F¦nepw s]mXpP§fpambn Gähpw ASp¯pnÂ¡p¶ hIp¸v F¶
nebnÂ s]mXpP§Ä¡p IqSn D]Imc{]ZamIp¶XmIpw Cu {KÙsa¶p
IcpXp¶p. Cn apXÂ tIcf¯nse FÃm hntÃPv HmôkpIfpw Cu S]Sn
{KÙ¯nse hyhØIfpw amÀ¤nÀt±i§fpw Apkcn¨v am{XamWv
{]hÀ¯nt¡Xv F¶ nÀt±it¯msS hntÃPv Hmôkv amzensâ BZy
]Xn¸v {]kn²s¸Sp¯p¶p.
Xncph´]pcw ]n.F¨v. Ipcy³, IAS
22. 01. 2019 AUojWÂ No^v sk{I«dn
dhyq hIp¸v
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27
BapJw
kwØm cq]oIcW¯npap¼v XncphnXmwIqÀ, sIm¨n, a{Zmkv
{]knU³knbpsS `mKambncp¶ ae_mÀ PnÃ, a{Zmkv {]knU³knbpsS Xs¶
`mKambncp¶ ku¯v Imd PnÃbnepÄs¸«ncp¶ Ct¸mgs¯ ImkÀtKmUv
F¶o {]tZi§fnÂ `qan kw_Ôambn hyXykvX Ap`h{Ia§fpw
nba§fpamWv nehnencp¶Xv F¶Xp sImpXs¶ A¡mes¯ dhyp
`cWkwhn[m¯nv C¯cw hyXykvX {]tZi§fnÂ sFIcp]yapm
bncp¶nÃ. Cu {]tZi§fnsems¡ dhyp `cW kwhn[m¯nmbn
hyXykvX§fmb nba§tfm N«h«§tfm nehnepmbncp¶p. `qan
kw_Ôamb `cW nb{´Whpw `qnIpXnIfpsS ]ncnhpw am{Xambncp¶nÃ
A¡me¯v dhyp `cW¯nepÄs¸«ncp¶Xv. PpUojydn, {Sjdn, Irjn, s]mXp
hnXcWw, cPnkvt{Sj³, FIvsskkv, cmPyc£ F¶n§s hnhn[§fmb
A[nImc§fpÄs¡mffp¶ s]mXp`cW kwhn[mw Xs¶bmbncp¶p
A¡mes¯ dhyp AUvannkvt{Sj³.
]n¶oSv `mjmSnØm¯nepff kwØm cq]oIcW S]SnIfpsS
`mKambn 1956 hw_À 1 {]m_ey¯nÂ tIcf kwØmw
cq]oIrXambtijw dhyp `cW kwhn[m¯nÂ kaqeamb amä§Ä
hcnIbpmbn. H«h[n NpaXeIfpw A[nImc§fpw dhyp hIp¸nÂ n¶pw
amän Ah nÀÆln¡p¶Xnv hyXykvX§fmb hIp¸pIÄ
cq]oIcn¡pIbpmbn. C¯cw amdnb kmlNcy§fnÂ GIoIrX dhyq
kwhn[m¯nv kwØms¯m«msI _m[Iamb Hcp GIoIrX S]Sn
kw{Klw (em³Uv dhyq amzÂ) Anhmcyambncp¶p. CXnpÅ S]SnIÄ
hfsc ZiI§Ä¡p ap¼v Xs¶ Bcw`n¨ncp¶psh¦nepw ]e kmt¦XnI
ImcW§fmepw em³Uv dhyq amzÂ X¿mdm¡n S¸nÂ hcp¯mmbncp¶nÃ.
1988 Â kwØms¯m«msIbpÅ hntÃPv Hm^okpIfpsS
`cWS¯n¸nmbn Hcp GIoIrX amzÂ ""tIcf hntÃPv amzÂ'' F¶ t]cnÂ
kÀ¡mÀ {]m_ey¯nÂ hcp¯pIbpmbn. F¶mÂ {]kvXpX amzens
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ASnØmam¡n `cWS]Sn{Ia§Ä Nn«s¸Sp¯p¶Xntm GIoIrX
amzens ASnØmam¡nbpÅ ]pXp¡nb A¡upIfpw cPnÌdpIfpw
X¿mdm¡n ]cn]men¡p¶Xntm PnÃm `cWIqS§Ä th{X {i²
]peÀ¯nbncp¶nÃ F¶XmWv bmYmÀ°yw. ]e {]tZi§fnepw kwØm
cq]oIcW¯np ap¼v D]tbmKn¨ncp¶ A¡upIfpw cPnÌdpIfpw
Xs¶bmWv Ct¸mgpw ]cn]men¨phcp¶Xv. IqSmsX kwØm cq]oIcW¯np
ap¼pÅ ]e S]Sn{Ia§fpw ]teS¯pw Iogvhg¡§fmbpw AphÀ¯n¨p
hcp¶p. am{XhpaÃ, 1984 Â hntÃPvþ dhyq kwtbmPw S¸nem¡pI hgn
kwØm¯v {]tXyI hn`mKambn XpSÀ¶ncp¶ hntÃPv HmôkpIÄ dhyq
FÌm»njvsaânsâ `mKamIpIbpmbn. CtXmsS hntÃPv HmôkpIÄ¡v
am{Xambn Hcp S]Sn {KÙw F¶Xv A{]kàamhpIbpw sNbvXp.
IqSmsX 2000 v tijw CþKthW³knsâ `mKambn dhyq hIp¸nÂ
CþUnkv{SnIväv, ReLIS, Cþt]bvsaâ v, dhyq dn¡hdnþHm¬sse³, Hm¬sse³
t]m¡phchv F¶n§s H«h[n ]cnjv¡mc§fpw S¸nem¡s¸«p.
Ct¸mgmIs«, kwØm kÀ¡mÀ Hcp ""em³Uv amtPvsaâ v kwhn[mw''
S¸nem¡pI hgn kwØm¯v Hcp ]pXnb kÀsÆ skänÂsaâ v S¯p¶Xnpw
`qan kw_Ôamb kÀsÆ S]SnIÄ, I¬¢qkohv ssSänÂ AphZn¡Â,
cPnkvt{Sj³ S]SnIÄ, t]m¡phchv F¶nh Hcp GIPmeI kwhn[mam¡n
amäp¶XnpapÅ S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¨p hcnIbpamWv. C¯c¯nÂ em³Uv
amtPvsaâ v kwhn[mw GPS Oriented Bb kÀsÆ skänÂsaâ v S]SnIfneqsS
]qÀ¯nbm¡n ka{Kamb Hcp tUäm t_kv X¿mdm¡n dhyq t]mÀ«ensâ
`mKam¡n amämmWv kÀ¡mÀ Dt±in¡p¶Xv. dhyq t]mÀ«ensâ `mKambn
C¯c¯nsemcp `qan kw_Ôamb ka{Kamb tUäm t_kv X¿mdm¡pI hgn
`qan ssIamäw, ssSänÂ AphZn¡Â F¶nhbnÂ nehnÂ AphÀ¯n¨phcp¶
k¦oÀ®amb S]Sn{Ia§Ä Hgnhm¡p¶Xnpw S]Sn{Ia§Ä kpXmcy
am¡p¶Xnpw tPmen`mcw Ipdbv¡p¶Xnpw `qkw_Ôamb hnhc§fpsS
IrXyX qdp iXamw Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xnpw km[n¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw. F¶mÂ
Cu S]Sn{Ia§Ä `cW kwhn[m¯nte¡v sImp hcp¶Xnv dhyq
hIp¸nv ka{Kamb Hcp em³Uv dhyq amzÂ BhiyamWv. Cu
kmlNcy¯nemWv kÀ¡mÀ ASnbńcambn em³Uv dhyq amzÂ
X¿mdm¡p¶Xnv Xocpamn¡pIbpw em³Uv dhyq I½ojWtdäv, em³Uv
t_mÀUv HmôkpIÄ, PnÃm IfIvt{SäpIÄ, dhyq UnhnjWÂ HmôkpIÄ,
Xmeq¡v HmôkpIÄ, hntÃPv HmôkpIÄ, `qan GsäSp¡Â HmôkpIÄ
F¶n§s hyXykvX dhyq HmôkpIÄ¡mbn hyXykvX hmey§fmbn Hcp
GIoIrX em³Uv dhyq amzÂ {]kn²oIcn¡p¶Xnpw S¸nÂ
hcp¯p¶Xnpw S]SnIÄ ssIs¡mffpIbpw sNbvXn«pÅXv.
CXnÂ Bdmas¯ hmeyhpw hntÃPv HmôkpIfpsS `cW
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kwhn[m¯npÅ S]Sn {KÙhpamb ‘hntÃPv Hmôkv amzÂ’ BWv
Ct¸mÄ {]kn²oIcn¡p¶Xv. nehnÂ {]kn²oIcn¡p¶ em³Uv dhyq
amzensâ Bdmw hmeyamb ‘hntÃPv Hmôkv amzÂ’ X¿mdm¡p¶Xnv
NpaXes¸Sp¯nbncp¶ {io. _n. lco{µmY³ mbÀ, {io. Pn. _meN{µ³
]nff, {io. hn.BÀ. Pb{]Imiv, {io. F.BÀ. µtKm]³, {ioaXn. {ioeX mbÀ,
{io. sI.Pn. ss_Pp F¶nhÀ Cu ZuXynÀÆlWw IrXynjvTtbmsSbpw
kab_ÔnXambpw ]qÀ¯nbm¡n F¶Xv XnI¨pw A`nµmÀlamWv.
ka{Khpw AptbmPyhpamb amä§tfmsS {]kn²oIcn¡p¶ em³Uv dhyq
amzensâ Bdmw hmeyamb `hntÃPv Hmôkv amzÂ’ s
ASnØmam¡nbpff S]Sn{Ia§fmWv Cn apXÂ hntÃPv HmôkpIfnÂ
AphÀ¯nt¡Xv. kÀ¡mÀ AXmXv Ime§fnÂ nba§fntem N«§fntem
hcp¯p¶ t`ZKXnIÄ¡pkcWambn amzenÂ th amä§Ä hcp¯p¶Xnv
em³Uv dhyq I½ojWÀ S]SnIÄ ssIs¡mÅp¶Xpambncn¡pw.
Xncph´]pcw F.än. sPbnwkv, IAS
03. 05. 2018 em³Uv dhyq I½ojWÀ
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`mKwþ I
Hm^okv {]hÀ¯w
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A²ymbwþ1
hntÃPpw hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw
1. hntÃPvþ (1) dhyq`cW kuIcymÀ°w kÀsÆ sNbvXv AXnÀ¯nIÄ
nÀ®bn¨v cq]oIcn¡s¸«n«pÅ dhyq `cW¯nsâ ASnØm LSIamb
bqWnäpIfmWv hntÃPpIÄ. kwØms¯, `cWkuIcymÀ°w 14
PnÃIfmbpw 27 dhyq UnhnjpIfmbpw 77 Xmeq¡pIfmbpw 98 {Kq¸v
hntÃPpIÄ DÄs¸sS 1664 hntÃPpIfmbpw hn`Pn¨ncn¡p¶p.
(2) skänÂsaâ v ImeL«¯nÂ kÀsÆ sNbvXv `qhnkvXrXnsb
ASnØmam¡n cq]oIcn¨ncp¶ hntÃPpIfnÂ PkwJy, `qnIpXn F¶nh
Xosc IpdªXmbn Is¯nbXpw kao]Ø§fpamb ctm AXne[nItam
hntÃPpIsf tNÀ¯v Hcp {Kq¸mbn IW¡m¡n Hä hntÃPv Hmôkv F¶
nebnÂ {]hÀ¯n¨p h¶ncp¶p. C¯c¯nÂ Ct¸mgpw {]hÀ¯w XpScp¶
hntÃPpIÄ {Kq¸v hntÃPpIÄ F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p.
2. hntÃPv Hmôkpw Hm-ôkv ap{Zbpwþ (1) kÀ¡mÀ hI sI«nSw e`ysa¦nÂ
BbXntem, AÃm¯ ]£w kÀ¡mÀ AphmZ {]Imcw hmSIbvs¡Sp¡p¶
sI«nS¯ntem hntÃPv Hmôkv {]hÀ¯nt¡Xpw sI«nS¯nsâ ap³hi¯v
hntÃPv Hmôknsâ t]cv kqNn¸n¡p¶ Hcp t_mÀUv Øm]n¨ncnt¡XpamWv.
(2) hntÃPv Hmô-kp-I-fnÂ kwØm kÀ¡m-cnsâ HutZym-KnI NnÓw
tNÀ¯pÅ teml-ap{Z (Metal Seal) nÀ-_-Ô-ambpw kq£n-¨n-cn-t¡-Xpw Ime-
¸-g¡w sImtm aäp Xc-¯ntem ]pXp-Xmbn teml-ap{Z thn-h-cp-¶-]£w
kwØm Ìm¼v amp-^m-IvNdnbnÂn¶pw BbXv e`y-am-¡p-¶-Xnv Xl-knÂZmÀ
aptJ S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.
3. hntÃPv DtZymKØÀþ (1) Hcp hntÃPv HmôknÂ Hcp hntÃPv Hmôkdpw
Hcp kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv Hmôkdpw (konbÀ ¢mÀ¡v) Hcp hntÃPv AknÌâpw
(¢mÀ¡v) cv hntÃPv ôÂUv AknÌâpamcpw Hcp kzo¸dpw Dmbncn¡pw.
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(2) Ik_ (Xmeq¡v BØmw) hntÃPpIfnÂ D]JÞnI (1) Â
hyhØ sNbvXn«pÅ DtZymKØÀ¡p ]pdta Hcp ¢mÀ¡v, Hcp Hmôkv
Aä³Uâ v F¶nhcpapmbncn¡pw.
(3) F¶mÂ tZhnIpfw Xmeq¡nse sI.Un.F¨v. hntÃPv HmôknÂ
sU]yq«n XlknÂZmÀ XkvXnIbnepÅ DtZymKØmWv hntÃPv HmôkÀ.
Cu hntÃPns hnhn[ skÎdpIfmbn hn`Pn¨n«pffXpw Hmtcm skÎdnepw dhyq
C³kvs]IvSÀ dm¦nepÅ DtZymKØsc skÎdÂ HmôkÀamcmbn
ntbmKn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pv.
4. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS nbahpw ]co£m tbmKyXIfpwþ hntÃPv
HmôkÀ, kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ F¶nhcpsS nbam[nImcn em³Uv
dhyq I½ojWdpw aäv hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS nbam[nImcn PnÃm
IfÎdpamIp¶p. hntÃPv AknÌâpamÀ, hntÃPv ôÂUv AknÌâpamÀ,
¢mÀ¡pamÀ, Hmôkv Aäâ³UpamÀ F¶nhsc nban¡p¶Xv tIcfm ]»nIv
kÀÆokv I½oj³ XncsªSp¡p¶ enÌnsâ ASnØm¯nemWv. nÀ±nã
tbmKyXbpÅ hntÃPv AknÌâpamcnÂ nt¶m ¢mÀ¡pamcnÂnt¶m
kontbmdnänbpsS ASnØm¯nÂ DtZymK¡bäw ÂIn kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv
HmôkÀamscbpw kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀamcnÂ nt¶m konbÀ
¢mÀ¡pamcnÂ nt¶m kontbmdnänbpsS ASnØm¯nÂ DtZymK¡bäw ÂIn
hntÃPv HmôkÀamscbpw nban¡p¶p. FÃm hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw Kh¬saâ v
AXmXv Ime§fnÂ nÝbn¡p¶ ]co£m tbmKyXIfpw aäp tbmKyXIfpw
tSnbhcmbncn¡Ww.
5. hntÃPv DtZymKØcpw s]cpamä¨«§fpwþ hntÃPv DtZymKØÀ tIcf
kÀÆokv N«§Ä¡pw kÀ¡mÀ DtZymKØcpsS s]cpamä¨«§Ä¡pw
hnt[bcmIp¶p. BIbmÂ AhÀ Cu N«§Ä Apkcnt¡Xpw AXmXv
Ime§fnÂ N«§fnÂ hcp¯p¶ t`ZKXnIÄ¡v ApkrXambn
{]hÀ¯nt¡XpamIp¶p.
6. lmPcmtI aWn¡qdpIÄþ (1) Ah[n Znhk§sfmgnsI asäÃm
Znhk§fnepw FÃm hntÃPv Poh¡mcpw cmhnse 10 aWn apXÂ sshIn«v 5
aWn hsc HmôknÂ lmPcmbncnt¡XmWv. F¶ncp¶mepw tae[nImcnIÄ
nÀt±in¡p¶ ]£w aäv A[nIthXsam¶pw IqSmsX Xs¶ X§fpsS
apgph³ kabhpw IrXynÀÆlW¯nmbn hnntbmKn¡m³ Poh¡mÀ
_m[yØcmWv. F¶mÂ kzo¸ÀamcpsS tPmen kabw cmhnse H³]Xp aWn
apXÂ ]{´phscbmWv. km[mcWKXnbnÂ ]{´p aWn¡ptijw
kzo¸ÀamÀ HmôknÂ XpScm³ ]mSpffXÃ. Hmôkv kabw Bcw`n¡p¶Xnp
ap¼mbn kzo¸ÀamÀ Imcymebhpw ]cnkchpw ipNnbm¡pI, IpSnshffw
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tiJcn¨p kq£n¡pI F¶o tPmenIÄ ]qÀ¯oIcn¨ncnt¡XmWv. nÀ±njvS
cq]¯nepff lmPÀ ]pkvXIhpw Ap_Ô cPnÌdmb teäv Aä³U³kv
cPnÌdpw hntÃPv HmôkÀ h¨pt]mtcXmWv. teäv Aä³U³kv cPnÌdnsâ
amXrI Ap_Ôwþ 1 Bbn tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p. D¨bv¡v Hcp aWn¡pw cp
aWn¡panSbv¡pff Ac aWn¡qÀ kabw Hmôkv {]hÀ¯¯nv `wKw IqSmsX
D¨`£W¯npff CSthfbmbn D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. hntÃPv
HmôkÀ kzbw IrXynjvT ]men¨v aäpffhÀ¡v Hcp amXrI Bbncn¡Ww.
Hmôkv kabaÃm¯t¸mÄ lmPcpmbncp¶p F¶Xv Akm¶n²y¯nv
]cnlmcamtbm HgnIgnhmtbm AwKoIcn¡p¶XÃ. apÉnw aXhn`mK¯nÂs¸«
Poh¡mÀ¡v FÃm shffnbmgvNbpw D¨bv¡v ]{ć apXÂ cc hscbpff
kabw Ppam akvImc¯nmbn D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.
(2) HmôknÂ lmPcmbmepS³ FÃm Poh¡mcpw nÀ±njvS
amXrIbnepw hep¸¯nepapffXpw XlknÂZmÀ AphZn¡p¶Xpamb
Xncn¨dnbÂ ImÀUv [cnt¡XmWv. Xncn¨dnbÂ ImÀUv FÃmhÀ¡pw
ImW¯¡hn[¯nÂ [cn¡p¶Xnv Poh¡mÀ {]tXyIw {i²nt¡XmWv.
7. Xmakn¨v lmPcmIÂþ HmôknÂ lmPcmtI kabw ]¯p aWnbmbn
nPs¸Sp¯nbn«pv. ]¯p aWn¡p ap¼mbn Hmôkv Xpd¡pIbpw ]¯p
aWn¡pXs¶ {]hÀ¯w Bcw`n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pv F¶v Dd¸phcpt¯
_m²yX hntÃPv HmôkÀ¡pv. kzo¸Àam-cpsS tPmen kabw cmhnse 9 aWn
apXÂ Bb-Xn-mÂ 9 aWn¡p Xs¶ Hmôkv Xpd¡p¶Xnmbn hntÃPv
HmôkÀ apXÂ hntÃPv ôÂUv AknÌâ v hscbpffhsc {IampkrXw
ntbmKn¨psImv hntÃPv HmôkÀ¡v D¯chv ]pds¸Sphn¡mhp¶XmWv.
Poh¡mÀ Xmakn¨p lmPcmIp¶ ]£w Xmakns¨¯nb kabw teäv
Aä³U³kv cPnÌdnÂ tcJs¸Spt¯XmWv. sshInsb¯p¶ ap½q¶v
Znhk§Ä¡v Hcp Znhks¯ BIkvanImh[n jvSs¸Sp¶XpamWv. C¯-c-
¯nÂ Ah[n Ipdhp sN¿p-t¼mÄ Poh--¡m-csâ IW-¡nÂ BI-kvan-Im-h[n
Ah-ti-jn-¡p-¶n-sÃ-¦nÂ At]-£-bpsS ASn-Øm--¯nÂ AwKo-IrX Ah[n
Ap-h-Zn-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. Poh--¡m-c³ Ah[n At]£ lmP-cm-¡m-Xn-cn-¡p¶
]£w {]kvXpX Znhkw iqy-th-X-m-h-[n-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-t¡--Xp-am-Wv.
8. eohv AphZn¡Âþ Xsâ IognÂ tPmen sN¿p¶ DtZymKØÀ¡v
At]£bnt·Â BIkvanImh[n AphZn¡p¶Xnpff A[nImcw hntÃPv
HmôkÀ¡pv. F¶mÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ XlknÂZmcpsS ApaXn IqSmsX
bmsXmcp hn[amb Ah[nbnepw {]thin¡m³ ]mSpffXÃ. IqSmsX
BIkvanImh[n HgnsIbpff asäÃm Ah[nIÄ¡papff hntÃPv Poh¡mcpsS
At]£IÄ hyàamb ip]mÀitbmsS XlknÂZmÀ¡v Abbvt¡
NpaXebpw hntÃPv HmôkÀ¡pv. hntÃPv Poh¡mcpsS BIkvanImh[n
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tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xnv nÀ±njvS amXrIbnepff cPnÌÀ kq£n¡m³ hntÃPv
HmôkÀ _m[yØmWv.
9. ssIhiapff ]W¯nsâ hnhcwþ hntÃPv Hmôknse FÃm Poh¡mcpw
Hmôknse¯nbmepS³ X§Ä kz´w nebnÂ ssIhiw kq£n¨n«pff
]Ww kw_Ôn¨ hnhcw Personal Cash Declaration Register- Â tcJs¸Sp¯n
H¸p hbvt¡XmWv. PersonalCashDeclarationRegister sâ amXrI Ap_Ôwþ2
Bbn tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
10. HmôknÂ n¶pw ]pd¯pt]mIp¶Xvþ (1) HmôknÂ h¶ tijw
HutZymKnI IrXynÀÆlWhpambn _Ôs¸«v ]pd¯pt]mIp¶ kmlN
cy§fnÂ nÝnX amXrIbnepÅ aqhvsaâ v cPnÌdnÂ CXp kw_Ôamb ]qÀ®
hnhc§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯m³ Poh¡mÀ _m[yØcmWv. hntÃPv HmôkdpsS
ApaXn IqSmsX Poh¡mÀ HmôknÂ n¶pw bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw
]pd¯pt]mIm³ ]mSpffXÃ. am{XhpaÃ, Hmôkv {]hr¯n kab§fnÂ
Poh¡mÀ H¶S¦w Hmôkv hn«pt]mIm³ ]mSnÃm¯XpamWv.
(2) hntÃPv Poh¡mÀ Ah[n Znhk§fntem Hmôkv {]hr¯n
Zn§fntem nehnepff nba§fnÂ Apimkn¡p¶ Xc¯nepff
HutZymKnI Bhiy§Ä¡ÃmsX {]Xn^teÑtbmSpIqSntbm AÃmsXtbm
kzImcy`qan kÀsÆ sNbvXp ÂIm³ ]mSnÃm¯XmWv.
11. Poh¡mcpsS s]cpamähpw aäpwþ hntÃPv Hmôknse¯p¶
GsXmcmtfmSpapff s]cpamä¯nÂ Poh¡mÀ At§bäw acymZbpw hnbhpw
]peÀt¯XmWv. HutZymKnI Bhiy§Ä¡mbn hntÃPv Hmôknse¯p¶
hÀ¡v e`yamb Ccn¸nSkuIcyw ÂImpw IpSnshff kuIcyw
GÀs¸Sp¯mpw apXnÀ¶ ]uc·mÀ, `n¶tijnbpffhÀ, KÀ`nWnIÄ
F¶nhÀ¡v ap³KW ÂIphmpw Poh¡mÀ {]tXyIw {i²nt¡XmWv.
12. CSne¡msc Hgnhm¡Âþ HutZymKnI Bhiy§Ä¡mbn hntÃPv
Hmôknse¯p¶ DtZymKØÀ, At]£IÀ, lÀPn¡mÀ, At]£Itcm
lÀPn¡mtcm nba]cambn NpaXes¸Sp¯p¶hÀ F¶nhcÃmsX hntÃPv
Hmôknse¯p¶ GsXmcmsfbpw CSne¡mcmbn IW¡m¡p¶XmWv.
C¯c¡mÀ Hmôkv tcJIÄ ssIImcyw sN¿p¶tXm Hmôknse ssZwZn
S]SnIfnÂ {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm CSs]Sp¶tXm AphZob
aÃm¯Xpw A{]Imcw kw`hn¡p¶ ]£w hntÃPv Poh¡mÀ BbXnsâ ]qÀ®
D¯chmZnIfmbncn¡p¶XpamWv.
13. NmÀPv HmôkÀþ Hmtcm hntÃPnsebpw s]mXphmb {]hÀ¯§Ä
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hnebncp¯p¶Xnpw GtIm]n¸n¡p¶Xnpw ôÂUv ]cntim[IfnÂ
XlknÂZmsc klmbn¡p¶Xnpambn Hmtcm hntÃPnte¡pw XlknÂZmÀ¡v
Xmeq¡v Hmôknse sU]yq«n XlknÂZmÀamsc NmÀPv HmôkÀ F¶
nebnÂ ntbmKn¡mhp¶XmWv. hntÃPv Hmôknsâ s]mXphmb {]hÀ¯w
ncćambn nco£n¡p¶Xnpw hogvNIfpmImXncn¡m³ Ahiyw th
S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡p¶Xnpw NmÀPv HmôkÀ _m²yØmWv. hogvNIÄ
{i²bnÂs¸«mÂ hnhcw bYmkabw XlknÂZmcpsS {i²bnÂs¸Sp¯pI,
]ncnhv, HSp¡v F¶nh bYmkabw S¡p¶psh¶v Dd¸phcp¯pI, sI«nS nIpXn
nÀ®b¯npff dnt¸mÀ«v bYmkabw X¿mdm¡p¶psh¶v Dd¸phcp¯pI,
tm«okpIÄ bYmkabw S¯p¶psh¶v Dd¸phcp¯pI, Bhiyapff ]£w
GsX¦nepw tPmenIÄ nÀÆln¡m³ hntÃPv Poh¡mcnÂ Bscsb¦nepw
{]tXyIambn NpaXes¸Sp¯pI, XlknÂZmÀ nÀt±in¡p¶ FÃm
tIkpIfnepw hntÃPv HmôkdpsS dnt¸mÀ«nt·Â taÂ]cntim[ S¯pI
F¶nhbpw NmÀPv HmôkdpsS NpaXeIfmWv. C{]Imcw ntbmKn¡s¸Sp¶
NmÀPv HmôkÀ Nqn¡mWn¡p¶ yqXIÄ ImeXmakw IqSmsX
]cnlcn¡p¶Xnpw hntÃPv DtZymKØÀ _m²yØcmWv.
14. hntÃPv Poh¡mÀ ]»nIv skÀhâpamcmbncn¡psa¶vþ Cu amzense
hyhØIÄ¡p hnt[bambn IrXynÀÆlW¯nteÀs¸Sp¶ FÃm hntÃPv
Poh¡mcpw 1860 se C³Uy³ in£m nba¯nse 21þmw hIp¸p {]Imcapff
]»nIv skÀhâpamcmbncn¡p¶XmWv. IrXy nÀÆlWs¯ XSks¸Sp¯p¶
hn[¯nepff GsX¦nepw {]hr¯n BcpsSsb¦nepw `mK¯p n¶pmbmÂ
DS³ Xs¶ hnhcw XlknÂZmsc Adnbn¡p¶Xnpw CXp kw_Ôamb ]cmXn
tÌj³ lukv HmôkÀ¡v ssIamdp¶Xnpw hntÃPv HmôkÀ _m[yØmWv.
****
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37
A²ymbwþ2
hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS IÀ¯hy§Ä
15. hntÃPv HmôkdpsS NpaXeIÄþ hntÃPv HmôkÀ hntÃPnÂ s]mXp/
dhyq `cW¯nsâ Xehpw kÀ¡mcnsâ {]Xnn[nbpamIp¶p.dhyq
`cW¯nsâ Xeh³ F¶ nebnÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ Xsâ hntÃPnse
kÀ¡mÀhI `qanIÄ kwc£n¡p¶Xnpw `qanbnt·Â Npa¯s¸« nIpXnIÄ
]ncn¡p¶Xnpw dhyq dn¡mÀUpIÄ kwc£n¡p¶Xnpw NpaXes¸«ncn
¡p¶p. kÀ¡mcnsâ {]Xnn[n F¶ nebnÂ hyhlmc§fnÂ kÀ¡mcnsâ
XmÂ¸cyw kwc£n¡p¶Xnpw CXc hIp¸pIfnse DtZymKØÀ¡v AhcpsS
IrXynÀÆlW¯nv BhiyapÅ klmbw ÂIp¶Xnpw hntÃPv
HmôkÀ¡v NpaXebpv. kÀ¡mcnsâ t£a {]hÀ¯§Ä S¸nem¡pI,
{]IrXnt£m`w, aäpZpc´§Ä, kmw{IanI tcmK§Ä, AKvn_m[ XpS§nb
Anãkw`h§fpmIpt¼mÄ hnhcw DSSn XlknÂZmsc Adnbn¡pI,
nehnepÅ nba§fpw N«§fpw Apimkn¡p¶ ISaIÄ bYmkabw
ndthäpI, taeptZymKØcpsS FÃm HutZymKnI nÀt±i§fpw Xmakw
IqSmsXbpw Imcy£aXtbmsSbpw S¸nem¡pI F¶nhbpw hntÃPv
HmôkdpsS NpaXeIfmWv.
16. hntÃPv HmôkdpsS aäp {][m IÀ¯hy§Äþ hntÃPv HmôkdpsS
aäp {][ms¸« IÀ¯hy§Ä Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv:
(1) `qanbnt·Â Npa¯s¸« nIpXnIfmb ASnØm `qnIpXn,
BUw_c nIpXn, sI«nS nIpXn XpS§nb em³Uv dhyq hIp¸v Npa¯p¶
FÃmhn[ nIpXnIfpw, Ic§fpw, hcnIfpw kÀ¡mÀ D¯chv {]Imcw
CuSmt¡Xmb aäp XpIIfpw bYmkabw ]ncn¡pI.
(2) XlknÂZmcpsS nÀt±impkcWw dhyq dn¡hdn nbaapkcn¨v
hkqemt¡Xmb IpSnÈnIIfpw aäp XpIIfpw nbampkrX S]SnIÄ
kzoIcn¨v CuSm¡pI.
(3) P]vXn sNbvX PwKa§Ä, hnÂ¡p¶Xp hsc miã§fnÃmsX
kq£n¡pIbpw P]vXn sNbvX hIbntem AÃmsXtbm taemZmbsaSp¡p¶Xpw
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AÃm¯Xpamb Ømhc hkvXp¡Ä Imcy£aambn kwc£n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(4) nIpXnZmbIcnÂ n¶pw IpSnÈnI¡mcnÂ n¶pw ]ncns¨Sp¡p¶
XpIIÄ S]Sn{Ia§Ä ]men¨v bYmkabw kÀ¡mÀ JPmhnÂ ASbv¡pI.
(5) kÀ¡mÀhI `qanIfnÂ A[nIrX {]thiw DmImsX
kq£n¡pIbpw It¿äapmbmÂ hnhcw bYmkabw _Ôs¸« A[nImcn¡v
dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXv At±l¯nsâ nÀt±impkcWw It¿ä¡mÀs¡Xnsc
nbampkrX S]SnIÄ ssIs¡mÅpIbpw sN¿pI.
(6) `qkwc£Ww, `qan ]Xnhv, `qan GsäSp¡Â, `qan hns«mgnbÂ, Paamäw
(t]m¡phchv), Ayw nÂ¸v, dhyq dn¡hdn, `qhnntbmKw, sÂhbÂþ
X®oÀ¯S kwc£Ww F¶o dhyq tIkpIfnÂ Øe ]cntim[Ifpw
AtzjW§fpw S¯n kvsI¨pw alÊdpw X¿mdm¡n XlknÂZmÀ¡v
dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡pI.
(7) hntÃPv AXnÀ¯nbnsebpw kÀ¡mÀ `qanIfnsebpw kÀsÆ
AXncSbmf§Ä kwc£n¡pIbpw `qansb kw_Ôn¨pÅ FÃm dn¡mÀUpIfpw
IrXyambn kq£n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(8) kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ/hntÃPv AknÌâ v X¿mdm¡p¶
{]Xnamk apXÂþ]ncnhvþ_m¡n ]{XnIIÄ _Ôs¸« mÄhgn, ckoXv
_p¡pIÄ, cPnÌdpIÄ, A¡upIÄ F¶nhbpambn thpwhn[w
H¯ptm¡n km£ys¸Sp¯n bYmkabw Xmeq¡v HmôknÂ F¯n¡pI.
(9) taeptZymKØÀ¡v kaÀ¸nt¡ FÃm dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw BpImenI
§fpw IrXykab¯bbv¡pI.
(10) kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ/ hntÃPv AknÌâ v/ hntÃPv ôÂUv
AknÌâ v X¿mdm¡p¶ FÃm A¡upIfpw cPnÌdpIfpw bYmkabw
]cntim[n¡pIbpw BptXmdpw Pam_ń¡v ap¼mbn ""hmÀjnI em³Uv dhyq
A¡uv'' (XhW apS¡w) FgpXn ]qÀ¯nbm¡n _Ôs¸« cPnÌdpIfpw
A¡upIfpambn H¯ptm¡n ]cntim[bv¡mbn tabv amkw 15þmw
XobXn¡p ap¼mbn X¿mdm¡n hbv¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(11) hntÃPv `cW¯nv e`yam¡nbn«pÅ FÃmhn[ A¡upIfpsSbpw
cPnÌdpIfpsSbpw eUvPdpIfpsSbpw tcJIfpsSbpw kvsI¨pIfpsSbpw,
am¸pIfpsSbpw ^À®n¨dpIfpsSbpw CeIvt{SmWnIv D]IcW§fpsSbpw
aäp]IcW§fpsSbpw ItÌmUnb³ F¶ nebnÂ AhsbÃmw icnbmbpw
`wKnbmbpw kq£n¡pIbpw ]cn]men¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(12) dhyq hIp¸pambn _Ôs¸«p S¸nem¡n hcp¶ hnhn[
t£a]²XnIfpambn _Ôs¸« dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ bYmkabw kaÀ¸n¡pI.
(13) dhyq hIp¸nÂ n¶pw AphZnt¡Xmb hnhn[
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39
km£y]{X§Ä¡mbn kaÀ¸n¡s¸Sp¶ At]£Ifnt·Â AtzjWw
S¯n X§sf A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ km£y]{X§Ä bYmkabw
AphZn¡pIbpw ncknt¡ tIkpIfnÂ hnhcw At]£Is
Adnbn¡pIbpw XlknÂZmÀ AphZnt¡ kÀ«n^n¡äpIfpsS kwKXnbnÂ
hyàamb dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(14) sk³kkv, Ce-£³ F¶nh kw_Ôn¨v tae[nImcnIÄ
nÀt±in¡p¶ FÃm tPmenIfpw IrXyambpw kq£vaambpw nÀÆln¡pI
(15) tZiob k¼mZy ]²Xn hnPb{]Zam¡m³ PnÃm IfÎdpsS
nÀt±i§Ä S¸nem¡pI
(16) shÅs¸m¡w, DcpÄs]m«Â, AKvn_m[ XpS§nb Zpc´§Ä/
AXymlnX§Ä kw`hn¡pt¼mÄ hnhcw DSSn XlknÂZmscbpw PnÃm
IfÎsdbpw Adnbn¡pIbpw AhcpsS nÀt±impkcWw AptbmPyamb
ZpcnXmizmk S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pI
(17) hntÃPvXe PIob kanXnIÄ bYmkabw hnfn¨p tNÀ¡pIbpw
tbmKXocpam§Ä nbampkrXw S¸nem¡p¶Xnv DNnXamb S]SnIÄ
ssIs¡mÅpIbpw sN¿pI
(18) CþUnkv{SnIväv, Cât{KäUv em³Uv C³^Àtaj³ knÌw(`qtcJ)
F¶o Hm¬sse³ kwhn[m§fnÂ tcJIÄ/km£y]{X§Ä AwKoIcn¡p
Ibpw Cþt]bvsaâ v kwhn[m¯nÂ sNempIÄ X¿mdm¡pIbpw sN¿pI
(19) em³Uv dhyq cPnÌdpIfpw A¡upIfpw X¿mdm¡pI,
apXÂþ]ncnhvþ_m¡n ]{XnIIÄ X¿mdm¡pI, ôÂUv tPmenIÄ nÀÆln¡pI
F¶nhbnÂ hntÃPv AknÌâ v, kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ, hntÃPv ôÂUv
AknÌâ v F¶nhÀ¡v AptbmPyamb coXnbnÂ tPmenIÄ hoXn¨p ÂIpI
(20) IfIvt{Säv ]cntim[ hn`mKw, Xmeq¡v ]cntim[ hn`mKw,
Pam_ń HmôkÀ, nba]cambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯s¸« aäv ]cntim[
DtZymKØÀ F¶nhÀ X¿mdm¡n ÂIp¶ ]cntim[¡pdn¸pIÄ¡v DSSn
yqXm]cnlmc adp]SnIÄ X¿mdm¡n ÂIpI.
17. kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkdpsSbpw hntÃPv AknÌânsâbpw
ISaIÄþ
(1) nIpXn ]ncnhv, IpSnÈnI CuSm¡Â F¶nhbnÂ hntÃPv Hmôksd
klmbn¡pIbpw XpIIÄ CuSm¡n ckoXp ÂIpIbpw sN¿pI.
(2) hyàambn A[nImcs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ ]£w PwKa hkvXp¡Ä P]vXn
sN¿pI.
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(3) {]Xnamk apXÂþ]ncnhvþ_m¡n ]{XnIIÄ Hm¬ssemtbm
AÃmsXtbm X¿mdm¡pI.
(4) taeptZymKØÀ¡bbvt¡ dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw BpImenI§fpw
X¿mdm¡pI.
(5) hntÃPv Hmôknse dn¡mÀUpIÄ {Ias¸Sp¯n kq£n¡pIbpw
in¸n¡phm³ Imeamb dn¡mÀUpIfpsS ]«nI X¿mdm¡pIbpw sN¿pI
(6) ]pdt¼m¡pIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIbpw kÀsÆ sN¿pIbpw AhbnÂ
{]thi§Ä ImWp¶]£w "F' t^mdw dnt¸mÀ«v / "F.F' t^mdw dnt¸mÀ«v,
kvsI¨v, alkÀ F¶nh X¿mdm¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(7) ]pdt¼m¡v `qanIfpsS AXnÀ¯n¡ÃpIÄ ]cntim[n¡pIbpw
AhbnÂ GsX¦nepw ]pXp¡pItbm tISp]mSp XoÀ¡pItbm sN¿mps¦nÂ
kXzc S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pI
(8) `qan]Xnhv, `qkwc£Ww, Paamäw (t]m¡phchv), `qan GsäSp¡Â,
`qanbpsS ]cnhÀ¯w/cq]mćw XpS§nb dhyq tIkpIsf kw_Ôn¨
alkdpIfpw dn¡mÀUpIfpw X¿mdm¡pI.
(9) CþUnkv{SnIväv, dhyq dn¡hdn Hm¬sse³, Cât{KäUv em³Uv
C³^Àtaj³ knÌw (`qtcJ) XpS§nb Hm¬sse³ kwhn[m§fnÂ kq£va
]cntim[ (Scrutiny), t{]mkknMv, shcn^nt¡j³ IqSmsX dhyq
Cþt]bvsaâ v kwhn[m¯nÂ bYmkabw A¡uv t¢mkv sN¿Â F¶o
tPmenIÄ nÀÆln¡pI.
(10) FÃmhn[ Fgp¯pIp¯p tPmenIfnepw hntÃPv Hmôksd
klmbn¡pIbpw hntÃPv HmôkÀ NpaXes¸Sp¯p¶ asäÃm HutZymKnI
tPmenIfpw nÀÆln¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(11) hntÃPv HmôknÂ tcn«v e`n¡p¶ At]£IÄ, lÀPnIÄ,
nthZ§Ä F¶nhbvs¡Ãmw nÝnX amXrIbnepff ssI¸äv ckoXv ÂIpI.
ssI¸äv ckoXnsâ amXrI Ap_Ôwþ3 Bbn ÂInbncn¡p¶p.
18. hntÃPv ôÂUv AknÌâ v nÀÆlnt¡ ISaIÄþ
(1) hntÃPnÂ ]ncnbp¶ XpIIÄ kÀ¡mÀ JPmhnÂ HSp¡p¶Xnv
hntÃPv Hmôksd klmbn¡pI.
(2) nIpXnZmbIcpsStbm IpSnÈnI¡mcpsStbm t]cnepÅ Unamâ v
tm«okpIfpw asäÃmhn[ tm«okpIfpw bYmhn[n S¯pI.
(3) nIpXnZmbIcnÂ n¶pw nIpXnbn¯nepÅ XpIIÄ
Hm¬ssemtbm AÃmsXtbm kzoIcn¨v ckoXv ÂIpIbpw hnhcw _Ôs¸«
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41
A¡untem eUvPdntem tNÀ¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(4) hntÃPv HmôkÀ NpaXes¸Sp¯p¶ ôÂUv tPmenIÄ
DÄs¸sSbpÅ asäÃm HutZymKnI tPmenIfpw nÀÆln¡pI.
19. hntÃPv AknÌâ v, kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ, hntÃPv ôÂUv
AknÌâ v F¶nhÀ¡v NpaXeIÄ hoXn¨p ÂIÂþ (1) Hcp hntÃPv
HmôknÂ Hcp hntÃPv AknÌâ v, Hcp kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ AsÃ¦nÂ
cv hntÃPv AknÌâ v AXpasÃ¦nÂ cv kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ DÅ
kwKXnbnÂ hnhn[ HutZymKnI IrXynÀÆlW§Ä kw_Ôn¨v hntÃPv
HmôkÀ hyàamb Hmôkv D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡Xpw CXnte¡mbn
Hcp Hmôkv D¯chv cPnÌÀ h¨p t]mtcXpamWv.
(2) mÄhgn X¿mdm¡pI, hntÃPv A¡upIfpw cPnÌdpIfpw
FgpXntbm Hm¬ssemtbm X¿mdm¡pI, CþUnkv{SnIväv, dhyq dn¡hdn
Hm¬sse³, dhyq Cþt]bvsaâ v, `qtcJ XpS§nb Hm¬sse³ A[njvTnX
tPmenIfpsS nÀÆlWw F¶o IÀ¯hy§Ä kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ,
hntÃPv AknÌâ v F¶nhÀ¡mbn Hmôkv D¯chnsâ ASnØm¯nÂ
hoXn¨p ÂtIXmWv. hntÃPv ôÂUv AknÌâpamÀ nÀÆlnt¡
HutZymKnI IrXynÀÆlW§Ä kw_Ôn¨pw hntÃPv HmôkÀ IrXyhpw
hyàhpamb Hmôkv D¯chv ]pds¸Sphnt¡XmWv.
20. hntÃPv HmôkdpsS A`mh¯nÂ ]Icw NpaXe nÀÆln¡Âþ
hntÃPv HmôkdpsS A`mh¯nÂ ]Icw NpaXe GÀs¸Spt¯Xv
XlknÂZmcpsS IÀ¯hyamIp¶p.hntÃPv HmôkdpsS Akm¶n²yw aq¶v
Znhk¯nÂ A[nIcn¡m¯ Ahkc§fnÂ ]Icw NpaXe kvs]jyÂ hntÃPv
HmôkÀ/hntÃPv AknÌânpw aq¶v Znhk§fnÂ A[nIcn¡p¶
Ahkc§fnÂ kao]s¯ hntÃPv HmôkÀ¡pamWv ÂtIXv.
21. I¯nS]mSpIfpw tae[nImcnIÄ¡pff dnt¸mÀ«pIfpwþ (1) hntÃPv
HmôknÂ n¶pw ]pdt¯¡bbv¡p¶ I¯pIÄ, adp]SnIÄ, dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ
F¶nhbnÂ hntÃPv HmôkdpsS t]cv, Hmôkv taÂhnemkw, ]n³tImUv,
t^m¬ ¼À, CþsabnÂ hnemkw F¶nh nÀ_Ôambpw DÄs¸Spt¯
XmWv.
(2) nba§fntem N«§fntem {]tXyIambn ]cmaÀin¨n«pffhsbmgnsI
asäÃmhn[ dnt¸mÀ«pIfpw hntÃPv HmôkÀ, XlknÂZmÀ aptJ am{Xta
tae[nImcnIÄ¡p kaÀ¸n¡m³ ]mSpffq. F¶mÂ PnÃm IfIvStdm dhyq
UnhnjWÂ Hmôktdm aäp hIp¸pIfnsetbm Øm]§fnsetbm
DtZymKØtcm dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ tcnÂ kaÀ¸n¡Wsa¶v nÀt±in¡p¶
kwKXnIfnÂ Cu S]Sn{Iaw _m[IaÃm¯XmWv. IqSmsX aäp
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hIp¸pIfpsStbm Øm]§fpsStbm {]mtZinI HmôkpIfÃmsXbpff
HmôkpIfpambpff I¯nS]mSpIfpw XlknÂZmÀ aptJbÃmsX S¯m³
]mSpffXÃ. F¶mÂ GsX¦nepw dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p¶Xnmbn Hcp hnhcw
tcn«v tiJcnt¡Xv Anhmcyamb kwKXnIfnÂ hntÃPv HmôkÀ¡v GXp
Imcymeb¯nÂ n¶pw BbXv tcJmaqew Bhiys¸Smhp¶Xpw Ah
tiJcn¡mhp¶XpamWv
(3) 1.4.2019 apXÂ hntÃPv HmôkpIfnÂ kaÀ¸n¡s¸Sp¶ GsX¦nepw
At]£Ifntem lÀPnIfntem ]cmXnIfntem tImÀ«vô Ìm¼v
]Xnt¡XnÃm¯mWv.
(4) tae[nImcnIÄ¡bbv¡p¶Xnmbn hntÃPv Hmôktdm hntÃPv
HmôkdpsS nÀt±impkcWw aäp hntÃPv DtZymKØtcm X¿mdm¡p¶
dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ hkvXpXm]cambncnt¡XmWv (Factual). hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpIÄ,
ôÂUv ]cntim[bnÂ e`n¡p¶ hnhc§Ä, I£nIÄ lmPcm¡p¶
sXfnhpIÄ, km£nsamgnIÄ F¶nhsb Bkv]Zam¡nbmIWw dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ
X¿mdmt¡Xv. dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p¶Xnmbn Ahew_n¨n«pff GsX¦nepw
hkvXpX kw_Ôn¨ hniIetam A`n{]mbtam ip]mÀitbm bmsXmcp
ImcWhimepw dnt¸mÀ«nÂ DÄs¡mffn¡m³ ]mSnÃm¯XmWv. dnt¸mÀ«nse
hkvXpXIÄ ASnØmam¡nbpw Ah hnebncp¯nbpw DNnXamb
XocpamsaSp¡p¶Xnpff NpaXe dnt¸mÀ«v Bhiys¸« A[nImcn¡p
am{XamsW¶XnmemWv dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡p¶ DtZymKØÀ A`n{]mb§tfm
ip]mÀiItfm hnebncp¯epItfm St¯XnÃ F¶p hyhØ
sNbvXn«pffXv.
22. NmÀPv ssIamäwþ hntÃPv DtZymKØÀ Øewamdn t]mIp¶ Ahkc§fnÂ
]Icw ntbmKn¡s¸Sp¶ DtZymKØv Xsâ NpaXebnepmbncp¶ FÃm
Hmôkv tcJIfpsSbpw km[kma{KnIfpsSbpw NmÀPv, NmÀPv cPnÌdnÂ
tcJs¸Sp¯n ssIamtdXmWv. CXnte¡mbn Hcp NmÀPv cPnÌÀ hntÃPv
HmôkdpsS NpaXebnÂ h¨pt]mtcXpw NmÀPv ssIamäw kw_Ôn¨ NmÀPv
cPnÌdnse {]kà`mK§fpsS km£ys¸Sp¯nb ]IÀ¸pIÄ AXmXv
kab§fnÂ Xmeq¡v Hmôknte¡v Ab¨v sImSpt¡XpamWv. hntÃPv
HmôkÀamÀ Øew amdn t]mIp¶ Ahkc§fnÂ ASnbńc {]m[myt¯msS
sNbvXp XoÀt¡ hnjb§sf kw_Ôn¨ hniZmwi§Ä IqSn {]tXyIw
]«nIbmbn X¿mdm¡n ]pXpXmbn NpaXetbÂ¡p¶ hntÃPv HmôkÀ¡p
ssIamtdXpw BbXnsâ ]IÀ¸v XlknÂZmÀ¡bbv¡p¶Xnsm¸w
C{]Imcw ]«nI ssIamdnb hnhcw NmÀPv ssIamä cPnÌdnÂ
DÄs¡mffnt¡XpamWv.
23. hntÃPv Ubdnþ hntÃPv Hmôkv ØnXn sN¿p¶ Øe¯nsâ hnhc§Ä,
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hntÃPv cq]oIrXamb XobXn, hntÃPv Hmôkpambn _Ôs¸« {][m Ncn{X
kw`h§Ä, hntÃPv ]cn[nbnse Ncn{X {]m[myapff Øe§fpw
kvamcI§fpw, hnhn[ Øm]§Ä, sXcsªSp¸v _q¯pIÄ, hntÃPv
]cn[nbnepmIp¶ tcJs¸Sp¯n kq£nt¡Xmb {][m kw`h§Ä
F¶nh nÝnX amXrIbnepff cPnÌdnÂ tcJs¸Sp¯n kq£n¡m³ hntÃPv
HmôkÀ _m[yØmWv. Hmtcm tcJs¸Sp¯epIÄ¡pw NphsSbmbn hntÃPv
HmôkÀ Xsâ t]cv, HutZymKnI ap{Z, Is¿m¸v F¶nh tNÀ¯v Ah
km£ys¸Spt¯XpamWv. cPnÌdnsâ amXrI Ap_Ôw þ4 Bbn
tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
****
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`mKwþ II
`qanbpw `qnIpXnbpw IpSnÈnIbpw
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45
A²ymbwþ 3
`qanbpw Ap`h{Ia§fpw
(F) skänÂsaâ v Imes¯ Ap`h{Ia§Ä
24. skänÂsaâ vþ (1) `qanbnÂn¶pff hcpamw(Icw]ncnhv)
nPs¸Sp¯p¶Xnp thn imkv{Xobamb `qkÀsÆsb ASnØms¸Sp¯n
`qansb JWvUw, kÀsÆ ^oÂUv, k_vUnhnj³ F¶ {Ia¯nÂ hn`Pn¨v
`qanbpsS Cw, Xcw, t]cv, hnf, Icw, `qhpSa, ssIhi¡mc³ F¶o hnhc§Ä
Hmtcm kÀsÆþ k_vUnhnj³ ¼cnpambn Xn«s¸Sp¯p¶ `cW]camb
{]{Inbbmbncp¶p dhyq skänÂsaâ v. C¶-s¯ tI-c-f kw-Øm-¯v DÄ-s¸-
Sp-¶ {]-tZ-i-§Ä sk-änÂ-saâ v Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ m-«p-cm-Py-§-tfm {]-hn-iy-I-tfm
Bb hy-Xykv-X `-c-W -kw-hn-[m--§-fp-sS Io-gn-em-bn-cp-¶Xn-mÂ sk-änÂ-saânv
ssIs¡m coXnIÄ XnI¨pw hy-Xy-kv-X-§-fm-bn-cp¶p. kwØm
cq]oIcW¯np ap³]v GItZiw Htc ImeL«¯nÂ Xs¶ ]gb
XncphnXmwIqÀ, sIm¨n, ae_mÀ taJeIfnÂ dhyq skänÂsaâ v S]SnIÄ
S¡pIbpmbn. ae_mdnÂ 1888-1904 ImeL«¯nepw sIm¨nbnÂ 1898-
1907 ImeL«¯nepw XncphnXmwIqdnÂ 1883-1911 ImeL«¯nepambmWv
dhyq skänÂsaâ v S]SnIÄ S¶Xv. skänÂsaâ v ImeL«¯nÂ a{Zmkv
{]knU³knbpsS Iognepmbncp¶ {]tZi§Ä `cW]camb
kuIcy§Ä¡mbn ae_mÀ PnÃbmbpw Z£nW Imd PnÃbnepÄs¸«
ImkÀtKmUv Xmeq¡mbpw hn`Pn¨ncp¶p. ChbnÂ ImkÀtKmUv taJebnÂ
1882-1904 ImeL«¯nemWv skänÂsaâ v S]SnIÄ ]qÀ¯nbmbXv.
CtX¯pSÀ¶v ae_mdnepw ImkÀtKmUpw 1905epw sIm¨nbnÂ 1908epw
XncphnXmwIqdnÂ 1911epw skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdpIÄ {]kn²oIcn¡pIbpmbn.
ae_mÀ, ImkÀtKmUv taJeIfnÂ am{Xw ]n¶oSv 1923-1935 Ime¯v dokÀsÆ
skänÂsaâ v S¯pIbpw C¯c¯nepff dokÀsÆ skänÂsaâ v cPnÌÀ 1935Â
{]kn²oIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶p.
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(2) Hcp `qanbpsS bYmÀ° AhIminIÄ Bcmbncp¶p F¶p
Ist¯ kmlNcy¯nepw `qanbpsS Cw, Xcw F¶nhbpsS B[nImcnIX
]cntim[n¡p¶Xnpw B{ibn¡mhp¶ ASnØm tcJbmWv skänÂsaâ v
cPnÌÀ F¶XnmÂ BbXnsâ icnbmb ]cn]mehpw Ahbnse
Ap`h{Ia§sf¡pdn¨pff {]mYanIamb Adnhpw AXy´mt]£nXamWv.
hnhn[ {]tZi§fnse skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdpIfnÂ Cw, Xcw, Ap`h{Ia§Ä
F¶nhbnÂ s]mXpsh kamXIÄ ImWmsa¦nepw Hmtcm {]tZi¯npw
XXmb hkvXpXIsf kw_Ôn¨v ChbnÂ sNdnb hyXymk§fpffXpamWv.
(3) Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ {]-tZi-s¯ c-Pn-Ì-dnÂ `Cw’ F¶ tIm-f-¯n-se tc-
J-s¸-Sp-¯-enÂ n-¶mWv `q-an ]-m-c-h-Ibm-tWm, P-·amtWm F-¶p Xn-cn-¨-dn-
tb--Xv. P-·w h-I `q-an-bp-sS Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-bpw, C-{]-Im-c-ap-f-f Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-b-p-k-cn-
¨v B-cm-Wv h-kv-Xp ssIh-iw h-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-sX-¶pw 18þm-as¯ tIm-f-¯nÂ n¶pw
Xn-cn-¨-dn-bp-hm³ I-gn-bpw. C-X-p-k-cn¨v, Ip-Sn-bm³ kÀ-¡m-cn-p I-c-hpw, P-·n-¡v P-
·n¡-cw A-sÃ-¦nÂ ]m-«hpw Â-In-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶p Im-Wmw. sIm-¨n-bnÂ ]-m-c-
h-I-bÃm-¯ `q-an ]p-d-h-I-bm-bn tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p¶p. Cu `q-an-bp-sS ssI-h-i-
¡m-c-sbÃ, a-dn-¨v P-·n-sb-¯-s¶-bmWv `q-hp-S-a-bm-bn tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-«p-f-fXv.
ssI-h-i-¡m-ct-tbm, A-p-`-h-{I-as¯tbm sk-änÂ-saâ v cPn-kv-ä-dnÂ n¶pw I-
s-¯p-hm³ BIm-¯-Xn-mÂ P-·nbpw Ip-Sn-bmpw X-½n-ep-f-f _-Ôtam, Ip-Sn-
bm-bv-a-bp-sS hn-[tam, sk-änÂ-saâ v c-Pn-kv-äÀ sIm-p am{Xw A-dn-bp-hm³ km-[n-
¡p-I-bnÃ. a-e-_m-dn-se sk-änÂ-saâ v cPn-Ì-dp-I-fn-em-I-s«, `q-an-bnÂ D-S-a-Ø-X-
bp-f-f P-·n-sb am-{XaÃ, D-]-tbm-Km-h-Im-iw am-{X-ap-f-f Ir-jn-¡m-c-sbpw ]-«m-Zm-
c-m-bn Im-Wn-¨n-cp-¶p. Ip-Sn-bm-bv-abv-t¡m, A-p-`-h-{I-a, P-·nþIp-Sn-bm³ _-Ô¯n-
tm AÃ, B-cmWv kÀ-¡m-cn-te-bv-¡p n-Ip-Xn Â-tI--bm-Ä F-¶p kq-Nn-¸n-
¡p-¶-Xn-m-bn-cp-¶p -{]m-Yan-I ]-cn-KW. tZ-h-kzw, {_-lvv-a-kzw t]-cnÂ tc-J-
s¸Sp-¯-s¸-« `q-an-I-fnÂ A-¡m-e¯pw Ip-Sn-bm-·mÀ D-m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶m-Wv C-Xp
Im-Wn¡p-¶Xv. Hmtcm {]-tZ-i-t¯bpw sk-änÂ-saâ v tc-JI-sf A-Sn-Øm--s¸-Sp-
¯n `q-an-bp-sS X-cw Xn-cn-hv NphsS tNÀ¡pw {]Imcambncp¶p.
25. XncphnXmwIqdnse Ap`h{Ia§Äþ (1) sk-änÂ-saâ v Im-e-s¯ (1883-
1911) Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-se `q-an-I-sf {]-[m--ambpw P-·w `q-an, kÀ¡mÀ `q-an- F¶p-
c-m-bm-Wv Xn-cn-¨n-«p-f-f-Xv. Cu c-v X-cw `q-an-IÄ ssIh-iw h-bv-¡p-¶-h-cpw P-
·n-I-fpw kÀ-¡mcpw X-½n-ep-f-f _-Ô-s¯-bm-Wv `q-an-bp-sS A-p`h-{I-aw F-¶
hm¡p sImv hy-h-l-cn-¡p-¶Xv.
P-·w `q-an
(2) `q-anbnÂ apjy³ DSaØX BÀÖn¨ Im-ew ap-XÂ ]m-c-¼cy-am-
bn A-p-`-hn-¡m-p-f-f A-h-Imi-s¯ Ip-dn-¡p-¶ hm-¡mWv “P-·m-h-Im-iw”. sk-
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47
änÂ-saâ v tc-J-IÄ {]-Im-cw P-·m-h-Im-i-ap-f-f `q-an-I-sf D-S-aØ-X, n-Ip-Xn F-¶n-
h-bp-sS A-Sn-Øm--¯nÂ hopw Xn-cn-¨n-«pv. D-S-a-Ø-X-bp-sS A-Sn-Øm--¯nÂ
{_-Òkzw h-I, tZ-hkzw h-I, amS-¼n h-I F-¶n-§-s-bm-Wv Xcw Xncn¨ncp¶Xv.
n-Ip-Xn-bpsS A-Sn-Øm--¯n-ep-f-f Xn-cn-hp-IÄ aq-¶mWv. (`qanbnt·epff
ncmt£]hpw ]qÀ®hpamb DSaØX F¶ AÀ°¯nemWv nehnÂ
P·w F¶ hm¡v D]tbmKn¨phcp¶Xv)
(F) G-Xp km-l-N-cy-¯nepw `qn-Ip-Xn-bnÂ n¶pw H-gn-hm-¡-s¸-«
(Freehold) `qanIfmbncp¶p Cu hn`mK¯nepÄs¸«ncp¶Xv. B-
än-§Â, C-S-t¡m-Sv {]-hr-¯n-I-fn-se {io-]m-Zw AY-hm dm-Wn-bp-
sS `qan, C-S-¸f-fn C-S-h-I-bv-¡v ]p-d-¯p-f-f N-§-m-tÈcn, ImÀ-
¯n-I-¸-ffn, Xn-cp-hÃ {]-tZ-i-§-fn-se C-S-¸f-fn cm-Pm-hn-sâ `-qan,
ao--¨n-en-se ]q-ªmÀ s]-cp-am-fn-sâ tZiw, sIm-«m-c-¡-c Xm-eq-
¡n-se a-Wn-I-Wv-tT-iz-cw t£{X-t¯m-Sv tNÀ-¶ tZiw, ]-¯-m-
]pc-s¯ F-fw-Ip-¶-¸³ t£{X-t¯m-Sv tNÀ-¶ tZiw, sIm-«m-c-
¡-c-bn-se ]m-t§m-«v Ir-jv-W-kzm-an t£{X-t¯m-Sv tNÀ-¶ tZ-
iw, Ip-¶-¯qÀ, ]-¯-m-]p-cw {]-tZi-s¯ a-¶m-Sn `-K-h-Xn-¡v
tNÀ-¶ tZiw, Xn-cp-hÃ-bn-se ]--b-¶mÀ Im-hnÂ `-K-h-Xn-bv-¡p
tNÀ-¶ tZiw, N-§-m-tÈ-cn-bn-se sIm-§qÀ-¸f-fn -¼q-Xncn-¸m-
Sv im-kv-Xm-hnpw `-K-h-Xn-¡pw tNÀ-¶ tZiw, sIm-«m-c¡-c, ImÀ-
¯n-I-¸-ffn, am-th-en-¡-c {]-tZ-i-§-fn-se A-I-hqÀ -¼q-Xn-cn-bp-
sS tZiw, sImÃ-s¯ A-I-hqÀ Du-amw-]f-fn -¼q-Xn-cn-¸m-Sn-p
tNÀ-¶ tZiw, sN-§-¶q-cn-se h-ªn¸p-g ]-m-c-¯n-sâ tZ-iw
F-¶n-h-bmWv Cu hn-`m-K-¯n-se `q-anIÄ. d-hyq tc-J-I-fnÂ
Cu `q-anI-sf A-[n-Im-cw H-gnhv, tZ-i- H-gn-hv F-¶n-§-s-bm-Wv
tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cn-¡p-¶Xv.
(_n) tc-t¯ n-Ip-Xn-bnÂ n¶pw H-gn-hm-¡n-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n-epw ]n-
¶o-Sv Nn-e hy-h-Ø-ItfmsS nen¶ P-·w `q-an-IfmWv cmw
hn`mK¯nÂ. Cu hn-`m-K-¯nÂ tZ-hkzw AY-hm B-cm-[-m-ebw,
Ayw nÂ-¡p-¶tXm ssI-am-äw sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶tXm B-b {_-
Òkzw `q-an-IÄ F-¶n-h-bm-Wv DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶Xv.
(kn) cm-P-t`m-Kw AY-hm tcn-b n-Ip-Xn Np-a-¯-s¸« P-·w `q-an-
Ifmbncp¶p Ch. s]-cp-¼S-¸v kz-cq]w, sIm-Sp-§ÃqÀ cm-Pmhv, ]q-
ªm-äp s]-cp-amÄ, ]-m-c-¯p-amÀ, X-{¼m-¡-·mÀ, Xn-cp-apÂ-¸m-S-
·mÀ, tIm-hn-e-·mÀ, ]m-enb-¯p ta-tm³, h-S-bm-«v No^v (cheif),
m-«p-am-S-¼n-amÀ, hn-tZ--i -am-S-¼n-amÀ, m-bv-¡-·mÀ, hm-cy-·mÀ F-
¶n-h-cp-sS ssI-h-i-¯n-epmbncp¶ P-·w `q-an-I-fmWv Cu hn-
`m-K-¯nÂ s]-Sp-¶Xv.
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(3) P-·w h-kv-Xp-¡-fp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« {]-[m--s¸-« Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-IÄ
NphsS tNÀ¡p¶hbmWv:
(i) ]m-«hpw Im-W-hpw Im-W-¸m-«hpw þ `q-an-bnÂ n-¶p-m-¡m-hp-¶
B-Zmb-s¯-bpw, `q-an A-`n-hr-²n-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-v Ip-Sn-bm³ h-¨p-m-¡p-¶ tZ-l-
Þ-§-sfbpw -I-W-¡n-se-Sp-¯v `q-an-¡p n-Ý-bn-¨ncp¶ ]m-«-¯n-s AY-hm hm-S-
I-sb-bm-Wv AÀ-°w F-¶p ]-d-ªn-cp-¶Xv. C¯c¯nepff AÀ-°w hn-fhm-
tbm hn-f-hn-sâ H-cp ]¦m-tbm ]-Wamtbm I-p-Sn-bm³ P-·n-¡v Â-tI-n-bn-cp¶p.
AÀ-°w ap³-Iq-dm-bn ssI-¸-äp-¶ P-·n¡v, B ap-X-en-sâ ]-en-i I-gn-¨p-f-f Xp-I-tb
Ip-Sn-bm³ Â-tI-n-bn-cp-¶p-f-fp. nÝn-X Im-e-b-f-hp tXmdpw Â-tI-n-bn-cp-¶
Cu kw-Jy-bm-Wv hmcw. C-§s `q-hp-S-abpw Ir-jn-¡m-c-pw (b-Ym-{I-aw P-·nbpw
Ip-Sn-bm-pw) X-½nÂ GÀ-s¸-«n-cp-¶ Iq-«p-¯-c-hm-Zn-¯-apff ImÀ-jn-I-hy-h-Ø-bm-
bn-cp-¶p Im-Ww F-¶p km-am-ty- hy-h-l-cn-¨n-cp¶ Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a. {]m-tZ-in-I-am-
bpw, Im-em-p-kr-X-ambpw Im-W-¯n-v [m-cm-fw AÀ-°-t`-Z-§-fp-m-bn-«pv. AXn-
sem-¶m-Wv, A-h-Im-i-{I-a-am-bn Im-Whpw ]m-«hpw H-tc-ka-bw n-e-nÂ-¡p¶ Im-
W-¸m-«w. AÀ-°w n-Ý-bn-¨v Ip-Sn-bmp `q-an hn-«p-In-«p-¶-Xn-mÂ ]m-«-hpw, AÀ-
°w aq³-Iq-dm-bn P-·n ssI-¸-äp-¶-Xn-mÂ Im-Whpw Cu A-h-Im-i-{I-a-¯nÂ H-tc
ka-bw n-e-n¶ncp¶p.
(ii) sh-dp-¼m«w þ {]-Xn-^-eamtbm hm-camtbm bm-sXm-cp X-c-¯n-ep-
Å kw-Jybpw GÂ-¡msX, `q-an ]m-«-¯n-p ÂInbncp¶Xv.
(iii) H-än þ D-]-tbm-Km-p-a-Xn-tbm-sS ssIhiw ÂIn-b `q-an-bn-t·Â
Cu-Sm-bn H-cp nÝn-X kw-Jy `q-hpS-a (P·n) Ip-Sn-bm-nÂ n¶pw ssI-¸-äp-I-bpw,
Cu kw-Jy-bp-sS ]-en-i-sb-¶ n-e-bnÂ `q-an-bnÂ n-¶p-f-f B-Zm-bw Ip-Sn-bm³ X-
n-¨v A-p-`-hn-¡p-Ibpw sN-¿p-¶Xv.
(iv) Ip-gn-Im-cm-× þ N-a-b-§Ä h¨pw aäpw `q-an A`n-hr-²n-s¸-Sp-¯n-
s¡m-f-fm-sa-¶ hy-h-Ø-bn-ep-ff ssI-h-im-p`hw.
(v) C-mw þ m-Sp-hm-gnIÄ, P-·n-IÄ Xp-S-§n-b-hÀ G-sX-¦nepw tk-h-
-¯n-tem {]-hr-¯n-bn-tem kw-{]o-Xcm-tbm, A-sÃ-¦nÂ sN-¿p-hm³ N-«w sI-«n-bn-
«p-f-f G-sX-¦nepw tk-h-¯ntm {]-hr-¯n-t¡m thn h-I-sIm-f-fnt¨m A-p-
`-h-¯n-m-bn A-p-h-Zn-¨p Â-In-bn-«p-f-f `q-an-I-fm-Wv C-mw `q-anIÄ. kÀ-¡mÀ h-
I Cmw `q-an-I-fnÂ n¶pw hy-Xy-kv-X-ambn Chsb A-Sn-a, Ap-t`mKw, Xn-cp-hp-
ffw, Xn-cp-h-S-bm-fw Xp-S§n-b t]-cp-I-fn-em-Wv DÄ-s¡m-f-fn-¨n-cp-¶Xv.
(vi) A-«n-t¸À þ H-cp `q-an-bnÂ `q-hp-S-a(P-·n)bv-¡p-f-f FÃmhn-[ A-h-
Im-i-§fpw Xo-dp Â-Ip-¶Xv.
(vii) Ip-SnP-·w AY-hm A-ym-[o--s¸-Sp¯n-b P-·w `qan þ ]qÀ-®-
ambpw A-ym-[o--s¸-« tZ-h-kzw, {_-Òkzw `q-anI-sf Ip-SnP-·w F-¶p hn-fn-v-¡p¶p.
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49
C-h kÀ-¡mÀ I-W-¡n-epÄ-s¸-«v ]-m-c-h-I-bm-bn Xo-cp¶p.
(4) taÂ-¸d-ª-h Iq-Sm-sX hn-c-f-am-bn I-ncp-¶ Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-I-fm-Wv D-
g-hp-]m«w, D-g-thm-e, h-bÂhm-semän, D-g-shmän, ]-t«m-e, am-dm-¸m«w, sh-¨p-]m-Xn-
¸m«w, Ip-Sn-¸m-Xn-¸m«w, Ip-gn-bm-¸m«w, I-cw-]m«w, sh-dp-¼m-«-t¯m«w, ]m-Xn-hmcw,
hn-¯p-]m-Xn-tXm«w, hn-¯n«pw In-f-¨p-]mXn, tNm-c- Hän, Xp-b-dm-Hän, Xp-d-¡m-cm-×,
sh-¨p-]m-Xn-Im-cm-×, A-©p-c-p-Im-cm-×, s]m-¶n-«p-Im-cm-×, dm-shmän, tÀHän,
an-¨-hm-c-Hän, H-änbpw Ip-gn-¡m-W-hpw, ]m-«hpw Ip-gn-¡m-W-hpw Xp-S-§nb-h.
kÀ-¡mÀ `q-an-
(5) P-·w `q-an-I-fÃm-¯ `q-anI-sf-bm-Wv kÀ-¡mÀ `q-an F-¶p hn-fn-¨ncp-
¶Xv. kÀ-¡mÀ `q-an-sb (F) t]-cnÂ ]-Xn-ª `q-an, (_n) ]p-d-t¼m-¡v, (kn) X-cn-iv,
(Un) X-XvNnä `q-an, (C) CShIIÄ (F^v) dn-kÀhv (t^m-d-kväv) `q-an, (Pn) dn-
kÀ-Æv sNbvX `qanIÄ (F¨v) dn-kÀhv sN-¿m-¯ `q-an-IÄ F-¶n§-s X-cw Xn-cn-
¨n-cn¡p¶p.
(F) t]cnÂ ]Xnª `qanIÄþ HcmfpsStbm IpSpw_¯nsâtbm
kwL¯nsâtbm Øm]¯nsâtbm t]cnÂ kÀ¡mÀ dhyq IW¡nÂ
]Xnªv Ap`hn¨p hcp¶ `qanIsf t]cnÂ ]Xnª `qanIÄ F¶p
]dªncp¶p. ]«b`qan, cPntÌÀUv em³Uv F¶n§s Ct¸mÄ
Adnbs¸Sp¶bnw `qanIfmWnh. t]cnÂ ]Xnª `qanIsf Ah ]Xn¨p
ÂInb D]m[nIÄ Apkcn¨v Xmsg hnhcn¡pw {]Imcw thÀXncn¨n«pv.
(I) kÀ¡mÀhI AsÃ¦nÂ ]mchIþ kÀ¡mÀ Xs¶ P·nsb¶v
hnNmcn¡s¸«ncp¶ Cw hkvXp¡fmWnh. Cu Cw hkvXp¡Ä
Ap`hn¡p¶ I£nIÄ¡v In«nbn«pff DSaØmhImiw kÀ¡mcnÂ n¶pw
tcn«v e`n¨ncp¶XmWv. kÀ¡mcnte¡v nÝbn¨ncn¡p¶ Icw HSp¡p¶
Imet¯mfw Cu hkvXp¡Ä ]mc¼cyambn Ap`hn¡mpw t_m[n¨ {]Imcw
Aym[os¸Sp¯mpw A[nImcapmbncp¶p.. ]mchI hkvXp¡sf
AhbpsS Ap`h{Iaw Apkcn¨v Bdv {][m C§fmbn Xcw Xncn¨ncp¶p.
(i) ]mchI ]m«wþ kÀ¡mÀ hkvXp¡sf bmsXmcp AÀ°
_m[yXbpw IqSmsX IpSnbm³amÀ¡v ]m«ambn sImSp¯Xpw ]n¶oSv
D]m[nclnXambn ]Xn¨p ÂInh¶ncp¶Xpamb `qanIÄ
(ii) ]mchI Hänþ kÀ¡mcnÂ n¶pw AÀ°w ]äntbm AÀ°w
]änbXmbn KWnt¨m Hmtcm IpSnbm³amÀ¡v ]Xn¨psImSp¡pIbpw
AÀ°]eni Ign¨pff ]m«w an¨hmcambn cmPt`mKt¯mSpIqSn
Bp tXmdpw hm§n¨phcnIbpw sNbvXncp¶ hkvXp¡fmWv
]mchI Hän.
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(iii) Cmwþ Cmw hkvXp¡sf DÛhs¯ ASnØmam¡n
t]gvkWÂ Cmw (Hcp IpSpw_¯ntm Bfntm ap³ {]hr¯nsb
ASnØmam¡ntbm AÃmsXtbm Ap`h¯nmbn kÀ¡mcnÂ
n¶pw sImSp¯n«pff `qanIÄ), kÀÆokv Cmw (Hcmfntm
IpSpw_¯ntm taemÂ Fs´¦nepw {]hr¯n S¯p¶ hIbv¡mbn
kÀ¡mcnÂ n¶pw ÂInbn«pff `qan) F¶n§s cmbn
XcwXncn¨ncp¶p.
(iv) hncp¯nþ nÝnX Dugnb§Ä nÝnX kab§fnÂ S¯Ww
F¶ n_Ôbv¡v hnt[bambn Aev]w Icw Npa¯n Ap`hn¡m³
AphZn¨ncp¶ hkvXp¡fmWv hncp¯nIÄ. (Dugnb§Ä F¶mÂ
kÀ¡mÀ Du«p]pcIÄ¡pff km[ kma{KnIÄ GÂ¸n¡pI,
Fgp¶ff¯v {]amWn¨v ]pcIÄ sI«pI, km[§Ä tiJcn¨v
ÂIpI XpS§nb {]hr¯nIÄ F¶À°w)
(v) hntijmepff Ap`h{Ia§Äþ {]tXyIXcw Cmw
hkvXp¡fmWnh. BZyIme skänÂsaâpIÄ {]Imcapmbncp¶Xpw
]n¶oSv AwKoIcn¡s¸«Xpw Icw Npa¯nbhbpamb ]mchI
IpSnP·w hkvXp¡fpw ]m«wsIm hncp¯n hkvXp¡fpamWv Cu
hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶Xv.
(vi) Icw Hgnhvþ tZhkzhpw {_Òkzhpw AÃm¯ aäv FÃm hn[
Icw Hgnhv hkvXp¡fpw Cu C¯nÂ DÄs¸Sp¶p.
(II) kÀ¡mÀ tZhkzwhI hkvXp¡Äþ Ducm× tZhkz§sf
kÀ¡mcnÂ tNÀ¯Xnv ap³]mbn B tZhkz§Ä¡v P·mhImiapmbncp¶
hkvXp¡Ä apgph³ tZhkzw hkvXp¡fmbn kÀ¡mÀ IW¡nÂ DÄs¸Sp¯n.
Cu hkvXp¡Ä kÀ¡mÀ tZhkzw hI hkvXp¡sf¶v Adnbs¸«ncp¶p.
(III) IpIrjn hkvXp¡Äþ almcmPmhnsâ kz´w hIbmbn«pff
hkvXp¡fmbncp¶p IpIrjn hkvXp¡Ä. Cu hkvXp¡fnÂ Ap`h¡mÀ¡v
Øncambn bmsXmcp AhImihpw Dmbncp¶nÃ.
(IV) {io]mZw hkvXp¡Äþ {io]mZw hkvXp¡Ä IpIrjn
hkvXp¡sft]mse Xs¶ almcmPmhnsâ kz´w hIbmbpffhbmbncp¶p.
F¶mÂ {io]mZw hkvXp¡fnÂ n¶pff apXseSp¸v Bän§Â X¼pcm³amÀ¡v
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mambncp¶p.
(V) {io]mchI hkvXp¡Äþ {io ]ßm`kzman t£{Xw
hIbmbncp¶ hkvXp¡fmWv {io]mchI hkvXp¡Ä. Cu hkvXp¡fpsS
`cW¨paXe kÀ¡mcnÂ n£n]vXambncp¶p.
(_n) ]pdt¼m¡vþ s]mXpImcy§Ät¡m s]mXpP§fnÂ GXmpw
hn`mK¯nsâ {]tXyI Bhiy§Ät¡m Bbn Hgn¨nSs¸«ncp¶ Icw
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51
Npa¯nbn«nÃm¯ kÀ¡mÀ `qanIfmbncp¶p ]pdt¼m¡v `qanIÄ. s]m¶pw
hnes¡Sp¯v Hgn¸n¨v Icw IpdshgpXn s]mXpImcy§Ä¡mbn D]tbmKn¨v
hcp¶ `qanIfpw ]pdt¼m¡nÂ DÄs¸«ncp¶p.
(kn) Xcniv `qanIÄþ kÀsÆ sNbvXXpw Icw sImffn¨tXm
AÃm¯tXm Bbn kÀ¡mÀ A[o--X-bnÂ Dmbncp¶hbpw Irjn hym]vXn¡v
e`yhpw Bb `qanIsf Xcniv `qanIÄ F¶p ]dªncp¶p. C{]Imcapff `qanIsf
]pdt¼m¡nÂ n¶pw hIXncn¨v Xcniv F¶v tcJs¸Sp¯n kwc£n¨ncp¶p.
C¯cw `qanIÄ ]Xnhnp hnt[bambncp¶p.
(Un) XXv Nnä `qanIÄþ sIm«mc§tfm kÀ¡mÀ t£{X§tfm ØnXn
sNbvXncp¶Xpw Icw sImXpamb `qanIsf kÀ¡mcns ]«mZmcmbn
]cnKWn¨v NnäbnÂ sImffn¨Xpw F¶mÂ ]«bw sImSp¯n«nÃm¯Xpamb
`qanIfmbncp¶p XXp Nnä `qanIÄ. t£{X§tfm sIm«mc§tfm Ccn¡p¶
Øe§fpw ]cnkc§fpw HgnsI XXp NnäbnÂ sIm asäÃm `qanIfpw
]Xn¨p sImSp¡mhp¶hbmbncp¶p.
(C) CShIIÄþ ]gb XncpþsIm¨n {]tZi¯pmbncp¶ kÀ¡mÀ
Bbs¡«nÂ DÄs¸«n«nÃm¯Xpw kÀ¡mcn-te¡v `qnIpXn HSp¡p¶XnÂ
n¶pw Hgnhm¡nbn«pffXpamb Øet¯tbm, {]tZit¯tbm BWv kÀ¡mÀ
IW¡pIfnÂ ""CShI'' bmbn tcJs¸Sp¯nbncp¶Xv. CShI `qanIÄ kÀ¡mÀ
`qanbmbmWv KWn¡s¸«ncp¶Xv. InfnamqÀ, CS¸ffn, hªn¸pg, ]qªmÀ
F¶n§s C¯c¯nÂ mev CShIIfmWv Dmbncp¶Xv.
(F^v) Hgn¨nSs¸« h§Ä (dnkÀhpIÄ)þ hw BÎv {]Imcw
Hgn¨nSs¸«ncp¶ h `qanIÄ AS§nb {]tZiamWv dnkÀhpIÄ. Cu `panIÄ
]Xnhnv hnt[bambncp¶nÃ.
(Pn) Hgn¨nSs¸« `qanIÄþ hw BÎv {]Imcw dnkÀÆpIfm¡m³
Dt±in¨v Hgn¨nSs¸«ncp¶ `qanIfmWv Hgn¨nSs¸« `qanIÄ. Hgn¨nSs¸« `qanIfpw
]Xnhnv hnt[bambncp¶nÃ.
(F¨v) Hgn¨nSs¸Sm¯ `qanIÄþ dnkÀhpIfpw Hgn¨nSs¸« `qanIfpw
AÃmsX kÀsÆ AXnÀ¯n¡v ]pd¯v kÀsÆ sN¿msX InS¡p¶ kÀ¡mÀ
`qanIsf Hgn¨nSs¸Sm¯ `panIÄ F¶p ]dªncp¶p. hw hIp¸nsâ
A[oXbnembncp¶ C¯cw `panIfpw Irjn¡mbn ]Xn¨psImSp¯ncp¶p.
Ip¯I¸m«w `qan
(6) kÀ-¡m-cn-tâ-Xm-bn-cp-¶-Xpw, F-¶mÂ ]m-«-hy-h-Øbn-tem I-cmÀ-{]-Im-
ctam a-äm-sc-¦nepw ssIh-iw h¨pw A-p`-hn¨pw h-¶ncp-¶Xpamb h-kv-Xp-
¡fmWnh. {I-b-hn-{I-bw hgn-tbm, G-sä-Sp-¡Â hgntbm am-{X-ta C-h kÀ-¡mÀ
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A-[o--X-bnÂ h-cn-I-bpf-fp F-¶-Xn-mÂ Ch-sb {]-tXy-I-am-bn K-Wn-¨ncp¶p.
Xn-cp-¸p-hmcw
(7) GsX-¦n-epw `q-an-bnÂ n¶pw kÀ-¡m-cn-te-bv-¡p h-tc-p-¶ n-Ip-Xn-
bp-sS nÝn-X `m-Kw (hmcw) H-cp aq¶mw I-£n-¡v ]-Xn¨p Â-In-s¡m-p-f-f hy-
h-Ø-bm-Wv Xn-cp-¸p-hm-cw. kÀ-¡mÀ sIm-Sp-¯p -ho-t«- I-S-§-fp-sS ]-en-ibm-
tbm t£-{X-§-fn-se A-Sn-b-´-c-§Ä n-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶-Xn-p-f-f {]-Xn-^-eam-tbm
[À-½-Øm-]--§Ät¡m a-X-Øm-]--§Ät¡m A-p-h-Zn-¡p-¶ A-e-h-³kmtbm
]mcn-tXm-jn-Iamtbm Hs¡ hy-Xy-kv-Xam-b Im-c-W-§-fn-emWv Cu hy-h-Ø G-À-
s¸-Sp-¯-s¸-«n-cp¶Xv. kÀ-¡mÀ h-gn-bÃmsX, Xn-cp-¸p Np-a-¯-s¸-« h-kv-Xp-hn-sâ
A-p-`h-¡m-c-nÂ n¶pw hm-c-w ]-Xn-¨p e-`n-¨ hyàntbm Øm]-tam hm-c-
kwJy t-cn-«p ssI-¸äp-I F-¶ co-Xn-bn-em-bn-cp¶p Cu hy-h-Ø -S-¸m-¡n-bn-cp-
¶Xv.
I-c-¯nÂ sNe-hv
(8) `q-n-Ip-Xn-bnÂ n-¶p-ap-f-f sNe-hv F-¶v hm-Nn-ImÀ-°-apf-f Cu hyh-
Ø, H-cp `q-an-bnÂ n-¶p-f-f n-Ip-Xnsb-tbm A-Xn-sâ H-cp `m-Ks¯tbm B n-Ip-
Xn-Zm-bI-v C-f-hm-bn A-p-h-Zn-¨v Â-In-b-Xn-s Ip-dn-¡p¶p.
26. sIm¨nbnse Ap`h{Ia§Äþ(1) sIm¨nbnÂ skänÂsaâ v cPnÌÀ
{]Imcw Icw Npa¯mhp¶ `qanIsf nesa¶pw ]ds¼¶pw IqSmsX
DSaØXbv¡v ApkcWambn ]mchIsb¶pw ]pdhIsb¶pw cmbn
hn`Pn¨ncp¶p. sImÃhÀjw 1080 (F.Un. 1905) se skänÂsaâ v
hnfw_c{]Imcw ]mchI shdp¼m«mhImiapff `qanIsf
{]amWambns«Sp¡pIbpw aäpff FÃm AhImi§sfbpw ]mchI ImWw,
]pdhI, Cmw F¶n§s aq¶pXcw ssIhimhImi§fnÂs¸Sp¯pIbpw
sNbvXncp¶p. ]mchI ImWw ne§Ä¡v ]mchI shdp¼m«w
ne§Ä¡pff Ic¯nsâ aq¶nÂ cp hoXhpw ]pdhI `qanIÄ¡v shdp¼m«
ne¯nsâ cnsem¶p hoXhpw ]d¼pIÄ¡v ]mchI shdp¼m« ]d¼nsâ
mensem¶p hoXhpw Icw IW¡m¡nbncp¶p. ]mchI shdp¼m«¡mÀ¡pw
]mchI ImW¡mÀ¡pw X§fpsS ssIhiapff hkvXp¡fnt·Â ]qÀ®amb
DSaØmhImiw e`n¨p F¶pffXmWv 1080se skänÂsaâ v hnfw_c¯nsâ
khntijX. ]mchIshdp¼m« `qanIfpsSbpw ImWw `qanIfpsSbpw
Imcy¯nÂ At¸mgs¯ ssIhi¡mcpambn tcn«pw ]pdhI `qanIfpsS
Imcy¯nÂ P·nIfpambn«pambncp¶p skänÂsaâ v S¯nbncp¶Xv.
AXpsImp Xs¶ ]pdhI `qanIfpsS skänÂsaâ v P·nbpsS IognÂ hnhn[
Ap`h{Ia§fnembn [mcmfw ssIhi¡mÀ Dmbncp¶p F¶p
ImWmhp¶XmWv.
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53
(2) ]pdhIþ kzImcyhyànIÄ¡pw Nne s]mXp Øm]§Ä¡pw
P·mhImiapmbncp¶ `qanIsfbmWv ]pdhI F¶p hnfn¨ncp¶Xv. {_Òkzw,
tZhkzw, amS¼n F¶nhcmbncp¶p C¯cw `qanIfpsS P·nIÄ. C¯cw `qanIsf
XncphnXmwIqdnÂ P·w hkvXp¡Ä F¶mWv hnfn¨ncp¶Xv. C¯cw ]pdhI
`qanIsf shdp¼m«w, ImWw, Hän, ]Wbw, Apt`mKw, ASna F¶n§sbpff
H«h[n Ap`h{Ia§fnembn IpSnbm·mÀ ssIhiw h¨ncp¶p.
(i) shdp¼m«wþ Bhiys¸Sp¶ apdbv¡v IpSnbm·mÀ hkvXp Hgnªp
sImSp¡Wsa¶ hyhØbpÄs¡mffp¶ Icmdmbncps¶¦nepw
nÝb{]Imcapff ]m«w apdbv¡v sImSp¯ncp¶ Imet¯mfw
bmsXmcp XSÊ§fpw IqSmsX hkvXp ssIhiw hbv¡p¶Xnv
Ignªncp¶p.
(ii) ]Wbwþ Bhiys¸Spt¼mÄ ]Ww hm§n `qan Hgnbp¶Xns
bmWv ]Wbw F¶p hnfn¨ncp¶Xv. CXv Nqn¸Wbw, sXmSp]Wbw,
neapdn AsÃ¦nÂ IpSncp¸mSv, Ic¸Wbw AYhm sImgphn
d¡¸Wbw, DdpXn¸Wbw, Hän, s]dpaÀ°w, ssIhnSpIHän,
Hänbv¡pw]pdw, oÀapXÂ, P·]Wbw F¶n§s hyXykvX
Xc¯nepmbncp¶p.
(iii) Apt`mKw / ASnaþ Cmw AsÃ¦nÂ Apt`mKw F¶Xv
ap³]v sNbvXn«pffXpw AsÃ¦nÂ Cn sNt¿Xpamb
{]hr¯nIÄ¡p {]Xn^eambn NmÀ¯ns¡mSp¯
hkvXp¡fmbncp¶p. NmÀ¯n hm§p¶hcpsS PmXnt`Zw t]msebpw
Ømt`Zw t]msebpw AXnp ]e t]cpIfpw ]dªpt]m¶ncp¶p.
`qan sImSp¡p¶Xv Hcp {_mÒWmbncps¶¦nÂ AXnv k´Xn
{_Òkzw F¶pw sImSp¡p¶bmfnsâ H¸tam tasetbm Bb
{_mÒWÃm¯ PmXn¡mcs¦nÂ AXnv Apt`mKsa¶pw XmW
PmXn¡mcs¦nÂ ASna AYhm IpSna F¶pw hnfn¨ncp¶p.
sImSp¡p¶Xv ]pcpjs¦nÂ Ap`hw F¶pw kv{Xobvs¡¦nÂ
ASnasb¶pw km[mcW ]dªph¶ncp¶p.
27. ae_mdnse Ap`h{Ia§Äþ(1) n-Ip-Xn ]n-cn-hn-pw d-hyp `-c-W-¯n-
p-am-bn a-{Zm-kv {]-kn-U³-kn-bp-sS a-äp `m-K-§-fnÂ d-b-¯vhm-cn k-{¼-Zm-b-am-bn-cp-
¶p GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯n-bn-cp-¶-sX-¦n-epw a-e-_mÀ PnÃ-bnÂ a-e-bm-f-¯n-sâ X-Xm-b
A-p-`-h-{I-a-§-fpw Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-bp-am-bn-cp-¶p -S-¸n-en-cp-¶Xv. ssa-kqÀ `c-Ww n-
e-n-¶n-cp-¶ Im-e-L-«-¯nÂ d-b-¯vhm-cn k-{¼-Zm-bw GÀ-s¸-Sp-¯p-hm³ {i-a-ap-
m-sb-¦n-epw P-·w F-¶ k-hn-ti-jam-b A-p-`-h-{I-a-apÄ-s¸-sS-bp-f-f a-ebm-f co-
Xn-I-Ä-¡nS-bnÂ Cu k-{¼-Zm-bw ^-e-{]-Z-am-bnÃ*. C-¡m-c-W-¯mÂ, a-{Zm-kv {]-
kn-U³-kn-bp-sS s]m-Xphm-b sk-änÂ-saâ v amÀ-Ktc-J-I-fnÂ n¶pw hy-Xn-N-en-¨p
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sImv, Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnepw sIm-¨n-bnepsa-¶-t]m-se a-e-_m-dnepw -S-¸n-en-cp-¶
a-e-bm-f-¯n-sâ s]m-Xphmb A-p`-h-{I-a-§Ä-s¡m-¸w a-e-_m-dn-sâ X-Xm-b A-
p-`-h-{I-a-§-tfbpw Iq-Sn DÄ-s¡m-f-fn¨p-sIm-m-bn-cp-¶p a-e-_m-dn-sâ d-hyp sk-
änÂ-saâ v B-hn-jv-I-cn-¨Xv.
*(`q-an-bnÂ Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶ B-fm-Wv db-¯v AY-hm Ir-jn-¡m-c³. C-S-n-e-¡m-cnÃmsX, d-b-¯nÂ
n¶pw kÀ-¡m-cn-te-bv-¡v t-cn-«v n-Ip-Xn sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ k-{¼-Zm-b-s¯-bm-Wv db-¯vhm-cn F-¶p
hn-fn-¨ncp¶Xv. a-e-_m-dnÂ P-·n-amÀ, Im-W-¡mÀ, Ip-Sn-bm-·mÀ F-¶n§s `Ir-jn-¡mÀ’ aq-¶m-
bn X-cw Xn-cn-ª-t¸mÄ `q-hp-S-a-I-sf-¶ n-e-bnÂ Io-gv-¡p-Sn-bm-·m-cnÂ n¶pw ]m-«w ]-äp-¶-h-
cpw, A-sÃ-¦nÂ C-S-¯-«p-Im-sc-¶ n-e-bnÂ `q-hp-S-a-bv-¡p ]m-«w sIm-Sp-¡m-pw, Io-gv-¡p-Sn-bm-·m-
cnÂ n¶pw ]m-«w ]-ämpw Np-a-X-e-s¸-«-hcpw `d-b¯v’ F¶ s]m-Xp-kw-Ú-bnÂ H-¶n-¨p Iq-Sn-
b-Xn-mÂ A-ÊÂ cq-]-¯n-ep-f-f d-b-¯vhm-cn k-{¼-Zm-bw a-e-_m-dnÂ D-m-bn-cp-¶nÃ F-¶v
hneyw te-m-K³ tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯p¶p.)
(2) 1888-1904 Imes¯ kÀsÆ skänÂsaâ v {]Imcw kÀ¡mÀ P·w,
m«pImÀ P·w (Private Jenmam), Cmw F¶n§s ae_mdnse `qanIsf
aq¶mbpw Ahsb © (Wet), tXm¸v (Garden), Øncw ]p© (Occupied Dry),
AØncw ]p© (Unoccupied Dry), nIpXn sI«m¯Xv (Un assessed), ]pdt¼m¡v
F¶n§s Bdmbpw XcwXncn¨ncp¶p. sIm¨n, XncphnXmwIqÀ
{]tZi§fnÂn¶p hn`n¶ambn Ipgn¡mWsa¶ Ap`h{Iaambncp¶p
ae_mdnÂ kÀÆkm[mcWambpmbncp¶Xv.
(i) © (Wet) - tXm-Sp-Ifpw _-p-Ifpw a-äpw nÀ-½n-¨v sh-f-f-¯n-
sâ e`y-X D-d-¸m-¡nbpw, `qan n-c-¸m-¡nbpw P-e-tk-N--ku-I-cy-s¯ ap³-nÀ-¯n
Ir-jn sN-¿p-¶-Xn-v X-¿m-dm¡n-bncp¶ `qan.
(ii) tXm¸v (Garden) - H-cp G-¡-dn-v Np-cp-§nb-Xv ]-¯v sX-t§m, A-
sÃ-¦nÂ sX-s§m-¶n-v ]-{´-v I-hp-t§m ]-Ip-Xn ¹mthm F-¶ n-c-¡nÂ hr£-
§tfm Dmbncp¶ `q-an.
(iii) Øn-cw ]p© (Occupied dry) - hÀ-jm-hÀjw Øn-c-am-b A-p-`-
h-¯n-encn¡p-¶-Xpw, sImÃw tXmdpw n-Ip-Xn nÀ-®-bn-¡-s¸«ncp¶-Xpam-b Irjn-
tbm-Kyam-b `qan.
(iv) AØn-cw ]p© (Unoccupied dry) - Du-j-c-`q-an-I-tfm Ip-d-ª
hn-f-sh-Sp-¸p Im-e-ap-f-f CS¡m-e-hn-f-I-fpsS Irjn -S-¯p-¶tXm B-bXpw Øncamb
Ap`h¯nenÃm¯Xpamb `q-an.
(v) n-Ip-Xn sI-«m-¯Xv (Unassessed) - ImÀ-jn-I-hr-¯n-bnÂ nt¶m
a-tä-sX-¦nepw hn-[¯ntem B-Zm-b-sam¶pw Â-Im-¯-Xn-mÂ n-Ip-Xn Np-a-¯-
s¸-Sm-¯ kzImcy`qanIÄ.
(3) sk-änÂ-saâ v Ime-¯v a-e-_mÀ {]-tZi-¯v {]-Nm-c-¯n-ep-m-bn-cp-¶
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55
Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-IÄ C-h-bmWv.
(i) ]m-«w h-t¨m h-bv-¡msXtbm D-f-f Øn-cw Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a.
(ii) Hän þ -Cu-Sn-t·Â ap³-IqÀ XpI hm-§n-¨-Xpw ]m«w CÃm-¯-
Xpw F-¶mÂ nÝn-X Im-e-b-f-hnÂ ssI-ö-«v ]p-Xp-¡m-p-f-f ô-
kv sIm-Sp-t¡--XnÃm-¯-Xpam-b Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a.
(iii) AÀ-°-Hän þ taÂ-¸-dª ssI-ö-«v ]p-Xp-¡m³ ô-kv sIm-Sp-
t¡-Xm-b Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a
(iv) AÀ-°-Im-Ww þ Cu-Sn-t·Â ap³-IqÀ Xp-I hm-§n-¨-Xpw ]m-«w
D-f-f-Xpw F-¶mÂ nÝn-X Im-e-b-f-hnÂ ]p-Xp-¡Â ô-kv sIm-
Spt¡--XnÃm-¯-Xpam-b Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a.
(vi) Im-Wwþ taÂ-¸-d-ª-XnÂ ]p-Xp-¡Â ô-kv sIm-Sp-t¡-Xm-
b Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a.
(vii) ]W-bw þ ]m-«w h-t¨m h-bv-¡msXtbm D-f-f-Xpw n-Ýn-X-tam
A-n-Ýn-Xtam B-b Im-e-b-f-hn-te-bv-¡pf-fXpamb Cu-Sp-h-bv¸v.
(viii) sh-dpw-]m-«w þ ]-{´-tm A-Xn-e-[n-Itam hÀ-j-t¯-¡pff
Cu-Sp-h-bv¸v.
(ix) Nq-n-¸W-bw þ H-cp sImÃ-¯nÂ I-hn-ªpw 12 sImÃ-¯nÂ
A-[n-I-cn-¡m-sX-bp-ap-f-f Cu-Sp-h-bv¸v.
(x) H-cp sImÃ-t¯¡pf-f-tXm F-t¸mÄ th-W-sa-¦nepw A-h-km-n-
¸n-¡m-hp-¶tXm B-b ]-Wbw.
(4) ap-I-fnÂ ]-dª-h Iq-SmsX, a-e-_m-dn-Â k-hn-ti-j-am-bn D-m-
bn-cp¶ Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-I-fm-Wv Ip-gn-¡m-Whpw Im-cm×bpw.
(i) Ipgn¡mWwþ Hcp `qan AXnÂ nÂ¡p¶ êZmbI§fmb
hr£§tfmSpIqSn, B hr£§fnÂ n¶pff BZmbw Ap`hn¡p¶Xnpw
AXpt]msebpff hr£§Ä h¨p]nSn¸n¡p¶Xnpw thn, Hcp `qhpSabnÂ
n¶pw (Ipgn¡mWwZmÀ) asämcmÄ¡v ssIamäw sN¿p¶XnsbmWv 1930se
ae_mÀ sS³kn BIvSnÂ Ìpgn¡mWw’ F¶p nÀÆNn¨n«pffXv. tXm«`qanItfm
aäp `qanItfm AtXm cpw IqSntbm C{]Imcw ssIamdp¶Xnv km[mcWbmbn
]{´p hÀjt¯t¡m AsÃ¦nÂ {]tXyIw {]kvXmhn¡p¶ Imet¯t¡m
BWv km[pXbpffXv. Cu Imemh[n¡p tijhpw `qan ssIhiw
hbv¡Wsa¦nÂ `qhpSabv¡v nÝnX ]Ww ÂIn ImWw
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]pXpt¡Xpmbncp¶p.
(ii) Im-cm× þ {]-[m--ambpw `h-w ]-Wn-bp-¶ B-h-iy-¯n-te-bv-
¡v X-d-¸m-«w {]-Xn-^-e-am-¡nbpff `q-an ssI-am-äamWnXv. C¶-s¯ a-e-¸pdw, tIm-
gn-t¡m-Sv PnÃ-I-fn-em-Wv C-Xv G-sd {]-Nm-c-¯n-ep-m-bn-cp-¶-Xv. (t£-{X-§-fnÂ X-
{´n, im´n, Ig-Iw Xp-S-§n-b hn`mK§fnÂs¸« Nn-e Ip-Spw-_-§Ä-¡v A-p-h-Zn-
¨-Xpw, ]m-c-¼-cy-am-bn A-p-`-hn-¨p h-cp-¶-Xpam-b Im-cmbv-a F¶- A-h-Im-iw Cu
Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-bnÂ n¶pw hn`n-¶-am-Wv). ae_mdnse aäv Ap`h{Ia§Ä¡v sIm¨n,
XncphnXmwIqÀ {]tZi§fnÂ n¶pw Imcyamb amä§fpmbncp¶nÃ.
28. ImkÀtKmUv {]tZis¯ Ap`h{Ia§Äþ(1) tIc-f-¯n-sâ a-äp `m-
K§-sf A-t]-£n¨v, hy-Xy-kv-Xhpw sshhn[y§Ä ndªXpamb `-c-W-co-Xn-
IÄ-¡v hn-t[-bam-b {]-tZ-i-am-bncp¶p ]gb a{Zmkv {]knU³knbnse ku¯v
Imd PnÃbnepÄs¸« Ct¸mgs¯ ImkÀ-tKm-Uv PnÃ. {]m-tZin-I m-Sp-hm-gn-I-
sf-¯p-SÀ-¶v ssa-kqÀ `-c-W-¯n-³ Io-gnÂ h-¶-t¸mÄ Im--d PnÃ-bnÂ tNÀ-¡-s¸-
Sp-I-bpw, ssa-kq-cn-sâ ]-X--s¯-¯p-SÀ-¶v Im--d PnÃ hn-`-Pn-¡-s¸-«-t¸mÄ (1862)
Z£n-W Im--d-bn-se H-cp Xm-eq-¡m-bn a-{Zm-kv {]-kn-U³-kn-¡p Io-gnÂ h-cn-I-bpw
sNbv-X Cu {]-tZiw, `m-jm-Sn-Øm--¯n-ep-f-f kwØm- cq-]o-I-c-W-¯nÂ I-
®qÀ PnÃ-bp-sS `m-K-am-bm-Wv tI-c-f kw-Øm--¯n-Â DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. ]n-¶o-Sv,
1984þemWv Im-kÀ-tKm-Uv H-cp PnÃ-bm-Ip-¶-Xv. a-{Zm-kv {]-kn-U³-kn-bnÂ d-hyq
sk-änÂ-saâ v -S-¶ 1882-1904 Im-e-¯mWv Cu {]-tZi-s¯ sk-änÂ-saâ v
S]SnIfpw ]qÀ-¯o-I-cn-¨Xv.
(2) `-c-W-hy-h-Ø-bp-sS hy-Xy-kvX-X Cu {]-tZi-s¯ A-p-`-h-{I-a-§-sf-
bpw Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-I-sfbpw kzm-[o-n-¨n-«p-f-f-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. a-e-bm-f- co-Xn-bn-ep-f-f
Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-I-fp-sS X--Xm-b au-en-I-X n-e-nÀ-¯p-t¼mÄ-¯-s¶-bpw, A-p-`-h-{I-
a-§Ä `m-jm-]-c-am-bpw {]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bpw a-äp tI-c-f {]-tZ-i-§-fnÂ n¶pw th-dn-
«p nÂ-¡p-¶p. ImkÀ-tKm-Uv Xm-eq-¡ns 24 am-K-o-kp-I-fm-bpw (Maganees), am-
K-o-kpI-sf hn-tÃ-Pp-I-fmbpw hn-`-Pn-¨n-cp¶p. H-cp am-K-o-knÂ At©m Btdm
hn-tÃ-Pp-I-fm-Wv DÄ-s¸-«n-cp-¶Xv. B-sI 243 hn-tÃ-Pp-IÄ C-¯-c-¯nÂ cq-]o-I-cn-
¨n-cp-¶p. ssI-h-i-h-kv-Xp-hn-s hmÀ-Kvkv (wargs) AY-hm F-kv-tä-äv F¶pw ssI-h-
i-¡m-sc hmÀ-Kv-ZmÀ F¶pw hn-fn¨p. C¯-cw F-kv-tä-äpIÄ- aqen (mooli), Pn (geni)
F-¶n§-s hn-`-Pn-¡-s¸-«n-cp¶p. aq-en-sb A-Sn-Øm--am-¡n-bm-Wv Ip-Sn-bm-bv-a-sb-
¡p-dn-¡p-¶ hm-¡p-IÄ B-cw`n¡p-¶Xv. {][m- IpSnbmbvaIfpsS hniZmwi§Ä
Xm-sg tNÀ-¡p¶p.
(i) aq-e-hÀ-Kv-ZmÀ- ]m-c-¼-cy-am-bn h-kv-Xp ssIh-iw h-bv-¡m³ A-
h-Im-i-ap-f-f `q-hp-S-aIÄ.
(ii) aqeKn-KmÀ-kv- Øn-cw Ip-Sn-bm-·m-À.
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57
(iii) aq-en-hÀ-Kv- ]m-c¼-cy Ip-Sn-bmbv-a.
(iv) tK-n-hÀ-Kv AY-hm kÀ-¡mÀ tKn-hÀ-Kvþ Ayw nÂ-¸v
h-gn kÀ-¡mÀ n-b-{´-W¯n-em-Ip-¶ `q-an-.
(v) apeKnþ apeK-n-ZmÀ F-¶p hn-fn-¡p-¶ H-cm-fp-sS t]-cnÂ n-
Ýn-X-hpw, am-äw h-cm-¯-Xpam-b ]m-«-¯n-v im-iz-X-am-bn kr-ãn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ Ip-Sn-
bm-bv-a.
(vi) NmÂ-Kn ]m-«-¨mÀ-¯vþ H-cp `q-an kv-]-ãamtbm hyw-Kyamtbm
H-cp {]-tXy-I Im-et¯-¡m-bmepw A-sÃ-¦nepw ssIh-iw h-bv-¡p-hm³ I-cmÀ
sN-¿p-¶ ]m-«-¨mÀ-t¯m, Io-gv-]m-«-¨mÀ-t¯m.
(vii) ssh-ZmK-n ]m-«-¨mÀ-¯vþIp-sd hÀ-j-§fnte¡p-f-f ]m-«-
¨mÀ-¯v.
(3) taÂ-¸-dªh Iq-Sm-sX A-Shv (Adavu þ Simple Mortgage), BÀ-hmÀ (Arvar),
t_m-Kym-Un A-Shv (Bhogyadi Adavu), C-tem-UmÀ-hm³ (Ilodarvan) F-¶n-§-s-bp-
ff ssI-h-i]-W-b Ip-Sn-bm-bv-aIfpw (Mortgage of land with possession) ImkÀ-tKm-Uv
`mK¯v n-e-hn-ep-m-bn-cp¶p.
(_n) nehnse Ap`h{Ia§Ä
29. `qanbpsS Cwþ kwØmsam«msI ASnØm `qnIpXn (t_knIv
SmI-vkv) GÀs¸Sp¯nbtXmSpIqSn skänÂsaâ v Ime¯v `qan Xcw Xncn¨v Icw
nÝbn¨ncp¶ coXn¡v {]kàn CÃmXmbn. XpSÀ¶v S¸nem¡nb `q]cnjvIcW
nbahpw aäp_Ô nba§fpw qämpIfmbn nen¶ncp¶ hnhn[bnw
IpSnbmbvaIsf Fs¶t¶¡pambn nÀ¯Â sN¿pIbpw sNbvXp. C¶v
tIcf¯nsem«msIbpff `qanIÄ an¡hmdpw kÀ¡mÀ hIsb¶pw t]cnÂ
]XnªsX¶pw cnambn XoÀ¶n«pv. `qan-bn³taÂ BÀÖn-¨n-«pÅ GsX-
¦nepw Ah-Im-i-_-Ô-¯ns ASn-Øm--s¸-Sp-¯n-bpÅ Xcw-Xn-cn-hns-bmWv
Cw F¶XpsImv AÀ°am¡p¶Xv.
(i) kÀ¡mÀ hI `qanþ DSaØmhImiw kÀ¡mcnÂ ]qÀ®ambpw
n£n]vXambn«pff FÃm `qanIfpw kÀ¡mÀ hI `qanIfmIp¶p. FÃm kÀ¡mÀ
hI `qanIfpw ]pdt¼m¡v `qanIfmIWsa¶nÃ. F¶mÂ FÃm ]pdt¼m¡v
`qanIfpw kÀ¡mÀ hI `qanIfmWv. kÀ¡mÀ hI `qan F¶XnÂ ]pdt¼m¡pIfpw
Xcniv `qanIfpw 1957þse `qkwc£W nba¯nse 3þmw hIp¸p {]Imcapff
`qanIfpw DÄs¸Sp¶p.
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(F) ]pdt¼m¡vþ DSaØmhImiw kÀ¡mcnÂ
n£n]vXambn«pffXpw s]mXp Bhiy§Ät¡m {KmaoWcpsS
kmaqlnImhiy§Ät¡m Bbn D]tbmKn¡pItbm o¡nhbv¡pItbm
sNbvXn«pffXpamb nIpXn Npa¯s¸Sm¯ `qanIfmWnh.
hniZoIcWw: Xt±ikzbw`cW Øm]§fpsStbm sI.Fkv.C._n. bpsStbm
bqWnthgvknänIfpsStbm DSaØXbnepff `qanIÄ ]pdt¼m¡nsâ
nÀÆN¯nÂs¸Sp¶hbÃ. Icw Npa¯s¸« kÀ¡mÀhI hkvXphIIfmWnh.
F¶mÂ tkhhIp¸pIÄ HgnsIbpff kÀ¡mÀ Øm]§Ä¡v ]pdt¼m¡v `qan
]m«hyhØbneÃmsX ]Xn¨p ÂInbn«pffnS¯v A¯cw `qanIÄ¡v ]pdt¼m¡v
F¶ Ìmäkv jvSs¸«v Ah IcwsIm `qanIfmbn XpScpw. C¯cw `qanIÄ 1957þse
`qkwc£W nba¯nsâ 3þmw hIp¸p {]Imcapff kÀ¡mÀhI `qanIfnÂ
DÄs¸«phcp¶nsÃ¶Xv {it²bamWv.
(_n) Xcnivþ DSaØmhImiw kÀ¡mcnÂ n£n]vXambn
«pffXpw Irjn¡p]bpàambn«pffXpw ]Xnhnp tbmKyhpamb `qanbmWv Xcniv.
(ii) t]cnÂ ]Xnª `qanþ dhyq dn¡mÀUpIÄ {]Imcw kzImcy
hyànIfpsStbm Øm]§fptStbm t]cnÂ ]Xnªn«pff `qanIsf t]cnÂ
]Xnª `qan, ]Xnhv `qan, P·w `qan AYhm ]«b`qan (cPntÌÀUv em³Uv)
F¶p ]dbp¶p.
30. `qanbpsS Xcwþ `qanbpsS D]tbmK{Ias¯ ASnØmam¡nbpff Xcw
XncnhmWnXv. kwØm¯v nehnÂ D]tbmKn¨p hcp¶ hyXykvX§fmb
Xc§fpsS hnhc§Ä NphsS tNÀ¡p¶p.
(1) newþ sÂIrjn¡p]bpàamb `qan
(2) ]pcbnSwþ ]pchbv¡p¶Xnv D]bpàamb Ic`qan (dry land)
IfmWnh.
(3) ]d¼vþ IcIrjn¡p]bpàambXpw ne¯nsâ nÀhN¯nÂ
s]Sm¯Xpamb `qanIfmWnh (dry land)
(4) © (Wet)þ ae_mdnÂ skänÂsaâ v ImeL«¯nÂ `qansb Bdv
hn`mK§fmbn Xcw Xncn¨ncp¶Xnsem¶mWv ©. shÅs¡«pÅ {]tZi§fpw
sÂIrjn¡p]bpàamb {]tZi§fpw © F¶ hn`mK¯nÂ DÄs¸Sp¶p.
skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdnÂ Chsb aebmf¯nÂ “” F¶pw Cw¥ojnÂ “W”F¶pw
Npcp¡ cq]¯nÂ kqNn¸n¨p ImWp¶p.
(5) ©newþ ae_mÀ {]tZi¯v sÂIrjn¡p]bpàamb
{]tZi§sf ©new F¶dnbs¸Sp¶p.
(6) ]p© (dry land)þ Ic`qan F¶bÀ°¯nÂ ae_mdnÂ D]tbmKn¨p
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59
hcp¶ {]tbmKamWnXv.
(7) Øncw]p©þ ae_mÀ {]tZis¯, Øncamb Ap`hapff
Ic`qanIÄ (Occupied dry land) F¶ AÀ°¯nemWv skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdnÂ
Ch D]tbmKn¨n«pÅXv. skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdnÂ Npcp¡ambn aebmf¯nÂ
“Øn.]p.” F¶pw Cw¥ojnÂ “O.D”F¶pw D]tbmKn¨ncn¡p¶p.
(8) AØncw ]p© (Un Occupied dry land)þ ae_mÀ {]tZi§fnse
Øncamb Ap`hw IqSmsXpÅ Ic`qanIsf skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdnÂ AØncw
]p© F¶Xc¯nemWv DÄs¡mÅn¨n«pÅXv. skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdnÂ C¯cw
`qanIsf aebmf¯nÂ “A.]p.” F¶pw Cw¥ojnÂ “U” F¶pamWv
kqNn¸n¨n«pÅXv.
(9) Icnnewþ tIm«bw, FdWmIpfw, Be¸pg, XriqÀ PnÃIfnÂ am{Xw
ImWs¸Sp¶ sÂhbepIfmWnh. Icna®p ndªXpw D¸pshffw Ibdp¶
Xpw hÀjIme¯p am{Xw sÂIrjn¡v D]bpàhpamb ne§fmWnh.
(10) ssI¸mSv ne§Äþ hÀjw apgphptam `mKnIamtbm D¸pshÅw
IbdmnSbpÅ ne§fmWnh. C¯cw ne§fnÂ a¬Xn«IÄ cq]s¸Sp
¯nbmWv sÂIrjn sN¿p¶Xv.
(11) tImÄnewþ ImbepItfmSv tNÀ¶p ØnXnsN¿p¶Xpw shÅw
hän¨v am{Xw sÂIrjn km[yambXpamb ne§fmWnh.
(12) Rmäp]«nþ Rmdp Sp¶Xnp amän h¨n«pÅ ne§Ä.
(13) ]ÅnRmbÂ (]ÅnbmÂ)þ RmdpSp¶XnpÅ `qanIÄ
(14) tXm¸vþ sX§v, amhv, Ihp§v XpS§nb ^ehr£§Ä Irjn sN¿p¶
Xnp]bpàamb ]d¼pIÄ AYhm Ic`qanIfmWnh.
(15) tXm«wþ tXm«hnfIÄ Irjn sNbvXp h-cp¶ Ic`qanIfmWv tXm«w
`qanIÄ.
hniZoIcWw :-þ 1963 se tIcfm `q]cnjvIcW nb¯nse 81-mw hIp¸p {]Imcw Hgnhm¡s¸«
tXm«§Ä¡v {]kvXpX nba{]Imcw Xcw amäp¶Xnpw ssIamäw S¯p¶Xnpw
GÀs¸Sp¯nbn«pff nb{´W§Ä aäp tXm«`qanIÄ¡p _m[IaÃm¯XmWv.
****
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A²ymbwþ4
em³Uv dn¡mÀUv kwc£Ww
31. em³Uv dn¡mÀUv kwc£Wwþ em³Uv dhyq hIp¸nsâ ssZwZn
`cWw Imcy£aam¡p¶Xnv `qansb kw_Ôn¨pÅ dn¡mÀUpIÄ
kwc£nt¡Xv AXy´mt]£nXamWv. AtIw hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v S¯nb
dhyq skänÂsaântmSp_Ôn¨v X¿mdm¡s¸« Øncw dn¡mÀUpIÄ,
`qanbnÂ Znhkw{]Xn Dmbns¡mncn¡p¶ amä§Ä¡pkrXambn
Bhiyamb hyXnbm§Ä hcp¯n Gähpw hoamb coXnbnÂ kq£n¡pI
F¶pÅXmWv em³Uv dn¡mÀUv kwc£Ww sImv Dt±in¡p¶Xv.
32. skänÂsaâ v dn¡mÀUpIÄþ (1) skänÂsaâ v ]qÀ¯nbmbt¸mÄ kÀsÆ
hIp¸v, em³Uv dhyq hIp¸ns GÂ¸n¨ {][ms¸« dn¡mÀUpIÄ Xmsg
]dbp¶hbmIp¶p.
(i) hntÃPv AXnÀ¯nsbbpw AXnI¯pÅ kÀsÆ
ôÂUpIsfbpw ImWn¡p¶ hntÃPv am¸v.
(ii) skänÂsaâ v Ime¯v sNbvX FÃm kÀsÆ ôÂUp
IfpsSbpw k_v UnhnjpIfpsSbpw A¶p nehnepÅ ]XnhpImcpsSbpw
(cPnkvtäÀUv tlmÄUÀ) hnhc§Ä AS§nb cPnÌÀ.
(iii) Hmtcm kÀsÆ ôÂUnsâbpw AXnÀ¯nIfpw B
AXnÀ¯nIfpsS Afhp kw_Ôn¨ dn¡mÀUpIfpw ôÂUnsâ {XntImW§fpw
Hm^vskäpIfpw ImWn¡p¶ ôÂUv Afhp ]pkvXIw.
(iv) skänÂsaâ v Ime¯v sNbvX k_v UnhnjpIfpsS
AfhpIÄ, InS¸v, AXnÀ¯nIÄ F¶nh ImWn¡p¶ Unsshkv ¹m³ (k_v
Unhnj³ kvsI¨pIÄ).
(2) Cu dn¡mÀUpIÄ, skänÂsaâ v Ime¯v nehnÂ Dmbncp¶
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61
dhyq ôÂUpIfpsSbpw kÀsÆ ôÂUpIfpsSbpw hnkvXoÀWw, Afhv
XpS§nb hnhc§Ä am{Xw ImWn¡p¶hbmWv.dokÀsÆ nehnÂ
h¶n«nÃm¯bnS§fnÂ `qan ]Xnhv, PaXncn (t]m¡phchv), `qan kÀ¡mcnte¡v
FSp¡Â, Ayw nÂ¸v, `qan hns«mgnbÂ XpS§nb ImcW§fmÂ DmIp¶
]pXnb k_vUnhnjpIÄ nan¯w dhyq ôÂUpIfnepw kÀsÆ
ôÂUpIfnepw ApZnw Dmbns¡mncn¡p¶ amä§Ä bYmkabw em³Uv
dn¡mÀUpIfnÂ tNÀt¡Xv hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS ISabmIp¶p. IqSmsX
ôÂUv Afhp ]pkvXI§sfbpw k_v Unhnj³ kvsI¨pIsfbpw AXmXv
Imew hoIcn¨v kq£nt¡Xpw hkvXp¡fpsS hnkvXoÀ®¯nÂ DmIp¶
amä§Ä tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xnp thn skänÂsaâ v cPnÌdnv Hcp Ap_Ôw
X¿mdm¡n ]cn]men¨p t]mtcXpw hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS ISabmIp¶p.
33.hntÃPv DtZymKØcpsS ISaIÄþ (1) em³Uv dn¡mÀUpIfpsS
kwc£WmÀ°w dhyq DtZymKØÀ nÀhlnt¡ tPmenIsf Ipdn¨v tIcf
kÀsÆ amphÂ cmw hmeyw H¶mw `mK¯v hniZambn hnhcn¨n«pv. hntÃPv
DtZymKØcpsS {][ms¸« NpaXeIsf¡pdn¨pw hntÃPv Xe¯nÂ AhÀ
sNbvXp XoÀt¡ tPmenIsf¡pdn¨pw am{XamWv Cu A²ymb¯nÂ
{]Xn]mZn¨ncn¡p¶Xv.
(2) hntÃPv Hmôkdpw hntÃPv AknÌâpw sNbn³ kÀsÆ
]co£mtbmKyX tSnbhcpw kÀsÆ tPmenbnÂ ]cnioehpw sshZKv[yhpw
kn²n¨hcpw Bbncn¡Ww. hntÃPv AXnÀ¯nbnsem, AXnÀ¯n¡pÅnsem
DÅ kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä (kÀsÆ amÀ¡v) Bsc¦nepw in¸n¡pItbm, tISp
hcp¯pItbm t`Zs¸Sp¯pItbm sN¿p¶Xv ntcm[n¡phm³ 1961 se tIcf
kÀsÆ AXncSbmf nbaw hntÃPv DtZymKØÀ¡v A[nImcw ÂIp¶p.
(3) GsX¦nepw kÀsÆ ASbmfw in¸n¡pItbm tISphcp¯pItbm
o¡w sN¿pItbm t`Zs¸Sp¯pItbm sNbvXncn¡p¶Xmbn Adnhp e`n¡p¶
hntÃPv DtZymKØÀ DS³ Xs¶ hnhcw NmÀPv Hmôksdtbm Xmeq¡v
kÀsÆbsdtbm [cn¸nt¡XmWv.
34. hntÃPv AknÌâpamcpsS ISaIÄþ (1) ]pXnb k_v UnhnjpIfpw
kÀsÆ ôÂUpIfpw Af¶p Xn«s¸Sp¯n dn¡mÀUp X¿mdm¡p¶Xnpff
S]SnIÄ ssIs¡mffpI.
(2) Hmtcm hntÃPnepw nenÀt¯ kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä Hcp nÝnX
]cn]mSnbpkcn¨v ]cntim[n¡pIbpw kÀsÆ IÃpIfpsS cPnÌÀ (cPnÌÀ
Hm^v kÀsh tÌm¬kv), Ioam¸v F¶nh kq£n¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(3) ImWmXmb kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ (XntbmUsseäv tÌjpw Pn.än.
tÌjpw HgnsI) ]p:Øm]n¡pIbpw tISp ]änbhbpsS AäIpä¸WnIÄ
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S¯pIbpw sN¿pI.
(4) kÀsÆ NmÀPpIfpsS A¡uv X¿mdm¡pI.
(5) kÀsÆ NmÀPv bYmkabw CuSm¡pI.
(6) hntÃPnse kÀsÆ dn¡mÀUpIfpw kÀsÆ D]IcW§fpw
kq£n¡pI.
(7) kÀ¡mÀ hI `qanbnse A[nIrX {]thiw Is¯pIbpw
XpSÀS]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pI.
(8) em³Uv dn¡mÀUv kwc£W¯np thn dhyq, kÀsÆ hIp¸p
taeptZymKØÀ NpaXes¸Sp¯p¶ asäÃm tPmenIfpw nÀhln¡pI.
35. ]pXnb dhyq ôÂUpIfpsSbpw k_v UnhnjpIfpsSbpw
AXnÀ¯n nÀ®bhpw am¸v X¿mdm¡epwþ (1) `qanbpsS ]Xnhntem
(cPnkv{Sn), Xc¯ntem hnkvXoÀ®¯ntem DmIp¶ amäw, Af¶p Xncn¨v
am¸v X¿mdm¡s¸« Hcp kÀsÆ ôÂUns AsÃ¦nÂ k_v Unhnjs
]qÀ®amtbm `mKnIamtbm _m[n¡mw. Hcp ôÂUns AsÃ¦nÂ Hcp k_v
Unhnjs ]qÀ®ambn _m[n¡p¶ amäw dhyq cPnÌdpIsf am{Xta
_m[n¡pIbpÅq. AhbpsS am¸ntm AXnÀ¯nIÄt¡m bmsXmcp
hyXnbm§fpw hcp¯p¶nÃ. F¶mÂ Af¶p Xncn¨v am¸v X¿mdm¡s¸«
Hcp k_v Unhnj³ (GXv C¯nÂ n¶mbmepw) ]pdt¼m¡nte¡v
amäp¶Xpaqew AXnsâ AXnÀ¯nIÄ ]pÀnÀ®bw sNt¿n hcpt¼mÄ
XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ) A{]Imcw ]pdt¼m¡ntebv¡v amäm³ AphmZw ÂInb
D¯chnsâ ]IÀ¸v _Ôs¸« hntÃPv AknÌânpw Xmeq¡v kÀsÆbÀ¡pw
Ab¨p sImSpt¡Xpw {]kvXpX k_v Unhnjsâ AXnÀ¯nIÄ
]pÀnÀ®bw sN¿m³ Bhiys¸ tSXpamIp¶p. XlknÂZmÀ (`qtcJ)bpsS
nÀt±iw e`n¨p IgnªmÂ hntÃPv AknÌâ v UnamÀt¡j³ kvsI¨nepw
tÌm¬ cPnÌdnepw ]pXnb kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ tNÀt¡Xpw tÌm¬ cPnÌdnsâ
cmw tImfw t`Zs¸Sp¯n hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpIfnÂ th hyXnbmw hcp¯n
hnhcw XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ)bv¡v dnt¸mÀ«p sNt¿XpamIp¶p. am¸v
X¿mdm¡s¸« Hcp k_v Unhnj³ ]pdt¼m¡nÂ n¶pw atäsX¦nepw
C¯ntebv¡p amäpt¼mgpw apIfnÂ hnhcn¨ S]Sn{Iaw
AphÀ¯nt¡XmWv. Af¶p Xncn¨v am¸v X¿mdm¡nb Hcp k_v Unhnj³
]pdt¼m¡nÂ n¶pw atäsX¦nepw C¯ntebv¡v amäp¶Xpaqew hopw
nenÀt¯XnÃm¯ kÀsÆ amÀ¡pIÄ UnamÀt¡j³ kvsI¨nÂ n¶pw
tÌm¬ cPnÌdnÂ n¶pw o¡w tNt¿XmIp¶p. hntÃPv AknÌâ v
XlknÂZmÀ (`qtcJ)bpsS nÀt±impkcWw hntÃPv A¡upIfnepw
cPnÌdpIfnepw BhiyapÅ amä§Ä hcp¯n hnhcw XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ)bv¡v
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63
dnt¸mÀ«v sNt¿XmWv.
(2) am¸v X¿mdm¡nb Hcp kÀsÆ ôÂUnv AsÃ¦nÂ k_v Unhnjv
`mKnIamb amäw am{XamWv kw`hn¡p¶sX¦nÂ kÀsÆbdpsS klmbt¯msS
]pXnb kÀsÆ ôÂUv AsÃ¦nÂ k_v Unhnj³ Af¶v Xn«s¸Sp¯n am¸v
X¿mdmt¡Xpw _Ôs¸« hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpIfnÂ Bhiyamb amä§Ä
hcpt¯XpamIp¶p.
36. ]pXnb k_v UnhnjpIÄþ (1) nehnepÅ Hcp kÀsÆ ôÂUnIt¯m
k_v UnhnjIt¯m ]pXnb Hcp k_vUnhnjsâ BhiyIX tcnSp¶Xv
{][mambpw
(i) ]Xnhp amäN«§fpkcn¨v (t]m¡phchv) nehnepÅ Hcp
kÀsÆ ôÂtUm k_v Unhnjtm D]hn`Pw sN¿pI.
(ii) `qan GsäSp¡Â nbaapkcn¨v Hcp ]pXnb k_vUnhnj³
sNt¿n hcpI.
(iii) nehnepÅ Hcp kÀsÆ ôÂUnÂ nt¶m
k_vUnhnjnÂ nt¶m ]Xnhv `qan kÀ¡mcnte¡v
GsäSp¡pI.
(iv) kÀ¡mÀ `qan GsX¦nepw Xt±i kzbw`cW
Øm]§Ät¡m Hcp hIp¸nÂ n¶pw asämcp
hIp¸ntet¡m ssIamdpI.
(v) `qan hns«mgnbÂ nbaapkcn¨v hns«mgnª `qanbnepÅ
nIpXn ndp¯Â/Ipdhp sN¿p¶Xnp thn hn`Pn¡pI.
(vi) kÀ¡mÀ hI `qan JN«§fpkcnt¨m aäp
N«§fpkcnt¨m ]m«¯nv ÂIpI.
(vii) nIpXn Npa¯p¶Xnpthn Cw Xncn¡pI.
(viii) Ic¯nÂ sIm `qan ]pdt¼m¡m¡n amäpI.
(ix) `qan ]Xnhv N«§fpkcn¨v `qan ]Xn¨v sImSp¡pI
XpS§nb kmlNcy§fnemWv.
(2) ]Xnhv amä N«§fpkcn¨pÅ (t]m¡phchv N«§Ä) ]pXnb k_v
UnhnjpIfnsemgnsI asäÃm k_v UnhnjpIfpsSbpw Imcy¯nÂ tIcf
kÀsÆ AXncSbmf nba¯nse 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13 F¶o hIp¸pIÄ
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Apimkn¡p¶ n_ÔIÄ ]ment¡Xpw k_v UnhnjpIÄ Af¶p
Xn«s¸Sp¯n CuSpÅ kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ D]tbmKn¨v AhbpsS AXncpIÄ
nÀ®bw sNt¿XpamIp¶p. am¸v X¿mdm¡s¸« Hcp kÀsÆ ôÂUnÂ n¶pw
Af¶p Xncnt¡ `mK¯nsâ hnkvXoÀ®w Ccp]Xv slÎtdm AXnÂ
IqSpXtem BbmÂ A{]Imcw Af¶v Xncn¡p¶ `mKw Hcp ]pXnb k_v
Unhnjmbn cPnÌÀ sN¿p¶Xnv ]Icw Hcp ]pXnb kÀsÆ ôÂUmbn
Af¶v Xncn¨v am¸v X¿mdmt¡Xpw ]pXnb kÀsÆ ôÂUnv B hntÃPnse
Ahkms¯ kÀsÆ ¼dnp XpSÀ¨bmbpÅ ¼À ÂtIXpamWv.
hn`Pn¡s¸« kÀsÆ ôÂUnsâ _m¡nbpÅ `mK¯nv AXnsâ BZys¯
¼À Xs¶bmWv nenÀ¯pI.
37. ]pXnb k_vUnhnj³ S¸nÂ hcp¯p¶Xnp thnbpÅ
S]Sn{Iawþ (1) t]m¡phchv AYhm PaXncntbmSp_Ôn¨pÅ ]pXnb
k_vUnhnjpIÄ AphZn¨v D¯chmIphm³ I£nIÄ Paamä¯nmkv]Zamb
`qan ØnXn sN¿p¶ Xmeq¡nse XlknÂZmÀ (`qtcJ) bv¡vv At]£
kaÀ¸nt¡Xpv. At]£tbmsSm¸w nÀ±nã ôkv HSp¡nb sNem³
ckoXpw lmPcm¡nbncn¡Ww. C{]Imcw e`n¡p¶ At]£IÄ XlknÂZmÀ
(`qtcJ) taÂS]Sn¡mbn D¯chn«v hntÃPv AknÌâ nv Ab¨p
sImSp¡p¶XmWv. C{]Imcw e`n¡p¶ At]£IÄ cPnÌÀ
sN¿p¶Xnpthn Hmtcm hntÃPnepw kÀsÆ amzÂ aq¶mw hmey¯nse
89þmw ¼À ^md¯nÂ Hcp k_vUnhnj³ cPnÌÀ kq£nt¡Xpw
At]£IÄ e`n¡p¶ apdbv¡v {]kvXpX cPnÌdnse H¶p apXÂ mep
hscbpÅ tImf§Ä ]qcn¸n¨ tijw Ać S]SnIÄ
kzoIcnt¡XpamIp¶p. cPnÌdnsâ amXrI Ap_Ôwþ5 Bbn
tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p. ]pXnb k_vUnhnj³ Af¶p Xncn¡p¶Xnp ap¼mbn
_Ôs¸« I£nIÄ¡v tIcf kÀsÆ Bâ v _udokv N«§fnse Bdmw
¼À t^md¯nÂ tm«okv ÂInbncn¡Ww. t]m¡phchntmSv
Ap_Ôn¨pÅ ]pXnb k_vUnhnjpIÄ¡v AhbpsS ]cn[n
nÀ®bn¡p¶XnpÅ hyàamb AXncpIÄ CÃm¯ ]£w Af¶p Xncn¡m³
]mSpÅXÃ. hntÃPv AknÌâ v kÀsÆbdpsS klmbt¯msS ôÂUv am¸nsâ
Hcp ]IÀ¸v X¿mdmt¡Xpw taep²cn¨ N«§fnse Ggmw ¼À t^md¯nÂ
k_vUnhnj³ tÌäpsaânsâ cp {]XnIÄ X¿mdmt¡XpamWv. kvsI¨nÂ
]pXnb k_vUnhnjsâ AXncpIfpw AhbpsS AfhpIfpw k_vUnhnj³
tÌäpsaânÂ Gcnbmk-vIzbÀ t]¸À D]tbmKn¨v Xn«s¸Sp¯nb ]pXnb
k_vUnhnjsâ hnkvXoÀ®hpw Nph¶ ajn sImv tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡Ww.
]pXnb k_vUnhnjsâ AXncpIfpw hnkvXoÀ®hpw _Ôs¸« I£nIÄ
AwKoIcn¨Xmbn Dd¸p hcp¯p¶Xnp thn kvsI¨nepw k_v Unhnj³
tÌäpsaânepw AhcpsS Is¿m¸v hmt§XmWv. ]pXnb k_vUnhnjv
_Ôs¸« kÀsÆ ôÂUnÂ Ahkmambn ÂInb k_v Unhnj³ ¼cnsâ
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65
XpSÀ¨bmb ¼À D]tbmKn¨v A¡antSXmIp¶p. DZmlcWambn Hcp
kÀsÆ ôÂUnv sam¯w Ggp k_vUnhnjpIfmWpÅsX¦nÂ ]pXpXmbn
AphZn¡p¶ aq¶v k_vUnhnjpIÄ¡v bYm{Iaw 8, 9, 10 F¶o ¼cpIfmWv
sImSp¡pI. kÀsÆ ôÂUnv k_v UnhnjpIsfm¶pw nehnenÃm¯ ]£w
]pXnb k_v UnhnjpIÄ¡v bYm{Iaw 1, 2, 3 F¶o ¼cpIÄ
ÂImhp¶XmWv. H³]Xv k_v UnhnjpIfpÅ Hcp kÀsÆ ôÂUnse 5,
7 F¶o k_vUnhnjpIÄ¡v Htc kabw ]pXnb k_v UnhnjpIÄ
{]tbmK¯nÂ hcpt¯XmbmÂ nehnepÅ 5þmw k_vUnhnjnse ]pXnb
k_v Unhnjv 10 F¶pw 7þmw k_v Unhnjnse ]pXnb k_vUnhnjv 11
F¶pw A¡anSWw. k_vUnhnj³ tPmen ]qÀ¯nbm¡n IgnªmÂ hntÃPv
AknÌâ v /kÀsÆbÀ _Ôs¸« k_vUnhnj³ ^bÂ sam¯¯nÂ Xmeq¡v
kÀsÆbÀ¡v kaÀ¸nt¡XmWv. C{]Imcw Xmeq¡v kÀsÆbÀt¡m
XlknÂZmÀ (`qtcJ) t¡m ssIamdp¶ k_v Unhnj³ ^benÂ NphsS
hnhcn¡p¶ dn¡mÀUpIÄ AS§nbncn¡Ww.
(i) k_vUnhnj³ tÌävsaâ v (aq¶p {]Xn)
(ii) k_vUnhnj³ kvsI¨v.
(iii) ]gb kÀsÆ ôÂUnsâ AsÃ¦nÂ k_vUnhnjsâ
hnhc§fS§nb em³Uv cPnÌdnsâ FI-vkv{SmIväv.
(iv) nÀ±nã ôkv HSp¡nb sNem³ ckoXv.
(v) ]pXnb k_v Unhnjpthn kaÀ¸n¡s¸« At]£
(2) ]pXnb k_v Unhnjpthn hntÃtPmôknÂ e`n¡p¶
At]£IÄ, Ah e`n¡p¶ XobXn apXÂ ]¯p Znhk¯nIw kÀsÆbdpsS
klmbt¯msS k_vUnhnj³ tPmen ]qÀ¯nbm¡n Xmeq¡v kÀsÆbÀ¡v
ssIamtdXv hntÃtPmôkdpsS NpaXebmIp¶p.
38. t]m¡phchv kw_Ôn¨pÅ k_vUnhnjpIsfmgnsI hntÃPv HmôknÂ
X¿mdm¡p¶ asäÃm k_v UnhnjpIfpsSbpw AfhpIÄ Xmeq¡v kÀsÆbÀ
]cntim[nt¡Xpw Ah icnbmsW¶p t_m[yambmÂ _Ôs¸« k_v
Unhnj³ ^bÂ nÀ±nã kÀ«n^n¡äv klnXw XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ) bv¡v
kaÀ¸nt¡XpamWv. PaXncn (t]m¡phchv) tIkpIsf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw
hntÃPv HmôknÂ X¿mdm¡p¶ FÃm k_v UnhnjpIfpw ""sN¡v sajÀ''
sN¿m³ Xmeq¡v kÀsÆbÀ _m²yØÃ. AhbnÂ Ccp]Xv iXamw am{Xw
]cntim[n¨mÂ aXnbmIp¶XmWv. XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ) k_v Unhnj³ ^bÂ
]cntim[n¨ tijw ]pXnb k_v UnhnjpIÄ¡v AphmZw ÂtIXpw
XpSÀ¶v ]cntim[bv¡pw ]pXp¡nb dn¡mÀUnpw thn kÀsÆ kq{]nv
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Ab¨p sImSpt¡XpamIp¶p. kÀsÆ kq{]v Hmtcm kvsI¨pw _Ôs¸«
kÀsÆ ôÂUnsâ ]gb AfhpIfpambn H¯p tm¡n ]pXnb k_v
UnhnjpIfpsS t¹m«n§nepw AfhpIfnepw kmt¦XnI ]cntim[ S¯n
]pXnb k_v UnhnjpIÄ DÄs¡mÅp¶ kÀsÆ ôÂUnsâ ]pXnb kvsI¨pw
(aq¶p {]Xn) Hmtcm k_vUnhnjsâbpw hnkvXoÀ®s¯ ImWn¡p¶ Gcnbm
enÌpw X¿mdmt¡Xpw C{]Imcw X¿mdm¡p¶ kvsI¨nsâbpw Gcnbm
enÌnsâbpw cp {]XnIÄ hoXw XlknÂZmÀ (`qtcJ)bv¡v Ab¨p
sImSpt¡XpamWv. ]pXnb k_vUnhnjpIÄ AphZn¡p¶Xv `qan
GsäSp¡Â tIkntmSp_Ôn¨mbmÂ kvsI¨nsâbpw Gcnbm enÌnsâbpw
aq¶p {]XnIÄ hoXw `qan GsäSp¡env NpaXebpff kvs]jyÂ
XlknÂZmÀ¡v Ab¨p sImSpt¡XmWv. ]pXnb k_vUnhnjpItfmS
p_Ôn¨v hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpIfnÂ Bhiyamb amäw hcp¯p¶Xnp thn
kÀsÆ kq{]nÂ n¶pw e`n¡p¶ ]pXp¡nb kvsI¨pw ""Gcnbm'' enÌnsâ
cp ]IÀ¸pw XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ) _Ôs¸« hntÃPv AknÌânv Ab¨p
sImSp¡Ww. Cu dn¡mÀUpIÄ Xmeq¡nÂ n¶pw e`n¨p IgnªmÂ DS³
Xs¶ hntÃPv dn¡mÀUpIfnÂ Bhiyamb amäw hcp¯pIbpw A{]Imcw amäw
hcp¯nb hnhcw km£ys¸Sp¯n Gcnbm enÌnsâ Hcp {]Xn
XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ)¡v Ab¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sNt¿Xv hntÃPv
AknÌânsâ ISabmIp¶p. Gcnbm enÌnsâ Hcp {]Xn hntÃtPmôknÂ
kq£nt¡XmWv.
39. ôÂUv Afhv joäpIÄþ hntÃPv BôknÂ kq£n¨p t]mcp¶ kÀsÆ
ôÂUpIfpsS Afhp joäpIfnÂ (HdnPnÂ kÀsÆ sajÀsaâ v joäv) bmsXmcp
ImcWhimepw amä§Ä H¶pw Xs¶ hcp¯m³ ]mSpÅXÃ. F¶mÂ hÀjw
tXmdpw kÀsÆ ôÂUpIfnÂ DmIp¶ amä§tfmSp_Ôn¨v
X¿mdm¡s¸Sp¶ ôÂUv Afhp joäpIÄ Hmtcm hÀjt¯¡pw {]tXyIw
{]tXyIw Xp¶ns¡«n hmÀjnI sabnâ³kv _p¡mbn kq£n¡pIbpw amÀ¤
nÀt±i¯np thn ""sabnâ³kv _p¡v tm¡pI'' Fs¶mcp Ipdn¸v
X¿mdm¡n ]gb ôÂUv Afhp joäpItfmsSm¸w H«n¨phbv¡pIbpw thWw.
AXmXv hÀj¯nÂ sabnâ³kv _p¡nÂ kq£n¨n«pÅ ôÂUv Afhv
joänÂ amäw DmIp¶ ]£w A{]Imcw amäw DmIp¶ joäpIÄ d±m¡n
o¡w sNt¿Xpw o¡w sN¿p¶ joäpIfnÂ d±m¡n F¶v ]pds¯gp¯v
tcJs¸Spt¯XpamIp¶p. A©p hÀjw IqSpw tXmdpw C{]Imcw
X¿mdm¡s¸Sp¶ hmÀjnI sabnâ³kv _p¡pIÄ {IampKXambn tNÀ¯v
{]tXyIw hmey§fmbn kq£n¡pIbpw thWw. Hmtcm hntÃPmôknepw
AXmXv hntÃPnse FÃm kÀsÆ ôÂUpIfpsSbpw k_v UnhnjpIfpsSbpw
hnkvXoÀ®w tcJs¸Sp¯p¶ Hcp Gcnb enÌv, kÀsÆ amphense 92þmw
¼À ^md¯nÂ kq£nt¡XmWv. kÀsÆ ôÂUpIÄ¡pw k_v Unhnjp
IÄ¡pw bYmIme§fnÂ DmIp¶ amä§Ä Cu enÌnÂ tcJs¸Sp¯m³
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67
hntÃPv DtZymKØÀ {]tXyIw {i²n¡Ww. ]pXnb kÀsÆ ôÂUpIfpm
Ipt¼mÄ Ah hntÃtPmôknÂ kq£n¨n«pÅ hntÃPv am¸nÂ Xmeq¡v
kÀsÆbsds¡mp t¹m«p sN¿nt¡XmWv.
40.ôÂUv am¸nsâ ]IÀ¸v X¿mdm¡p¶Xnsbpw hnXcWw
sN¿p¶Xnsbpw kw_Ôn¨vþ ôÂUv am¸pIfpsS ]IÀ¸np thn
_Ôs¸« hntÃPv HmôkÀ ap¼msI At]£ kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.
At]£I³ nÀ±nã ôkv HSp¡nbncn¡Ww. C{]Imcw e`n¡p¶
At]£IÄ ]IÀ¸v e`yam¡p¶Xnmbn hntÃPv AknÌânp ssIamtdXpw
hntÃPv AknÌâ v At]£Isâ BhiympkcWw _Ôs¸« ôÂUv am¸nsâ
]IÀ¸v X¿mdmt¡XpamWv. hntÃPv AknÌâ v C{]Imcw X¿mÀ sNbvX
ôÂUv am¸nsâ ]IÀ¸v hntÃtPmôknÂ kq£n¨n«pÅ Gähpw ]pXnb
kvsI¨pambn H¯p tm¡nbtijw BbXv hntÃPv HmôkÀ km£ys¸Sp¯n
At]£Iv ÂtIXmWv. ]Xnhv `qanIfpsS AXnÀ¯nIÄ IrXyambn
ImWn¨p sImSp¡p¶Xnv `q DSaIÄ¡v nÀ±nã ôkv HSp¡nb sNem³ klnXw
XlknÂZmÀ(`qtcJ) ap¼msI At]£ kaÀ¸n¡mhp¶XmWv.
41. kÀsÆ ASbmf§fpsS kwc£Wwþ tIcf kÀsÆ AXncSbmf
N«§fpkcn¨v `qanbnÂ nenÀt¯ ASbmf§Ä Xmsg ]dbp¶hbmWv.
(i) XntbmUsseäv tÌjpIÄ
(ii) kÀsÆ ôÂUpIfpsS AXncpIfnse hfhpIfnepÅ kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ
(iii) kÀsÆ ôÂUpIfnse kÔn (PMvj³) IfnepÅ kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ.
(iv) `Pn’ ssepIfpw t_kv ssepIfpw Ahkmn¡p¶ `mK¯pÅ kÀsÆ
IÃpIÄ.
(v) k_v Unhnjsâ AXnÀ¯nbnepÅ hfhpIfnse kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ.
(vi) Pn.]n.Fkv. tÌjpIÄ
42. kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä kw_Ôn¨ cPnÌdpIÄþ (1) taÂ¸dª kÀsÆ
ASbmf§Ä kwc£n¡p¶Xnpthn Hmtcm hntÃtPmôknepw NphsS
hnhcn¡p¶ cPnÌdpIÄ kq£nt¡XmWv.
(i) kwc£nt¡ kÀsÆ ASbmf§fpsS hnhc§Ä
ImWn¡p¶ Ioam¸v AYhm UnamÀt¡j³ kvsI¨v.
(ii) XntbmUsseäv tÌjpIfnse kÀsÆ¡ÃpIfpsS hnhc§Ä
ImWn¡p¶ tÌm¬ cPnÌÀ "F'.
(iii) ôÂUp tÌmWpIsf ImWn¡p¶ cPnÌÀ (tÌm¬ cPnÌÀ _n)
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(iv) AIvtmfPvsaâ v cPnÌÀ.
(v) kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä ]pXp¡p¶Xnsbpw AhbpsS
AäIpä¸WnIÄ XoÀ¡p¶Xnsbpw kw_Ôn¨ cPnÌÀ.
(vi) kÀsÆ IÃpIfpsS tÌm¡v cPnÌÀ.
(2) Xmeq¡v kÀshbdpsS taÂtm«¯nÂ Hcp hntÃPnÂ nenÀt¯
FÃm kÀsÆ ASbmf§fpw UnamÀt¡j³ kvsI¨nÂ A¡antSXv hntÃPv
AknÌânsâ IÀ¯hyamIp¶p. XntbmUsseäv tÌjpIÄ¡v Nph¶
ajnbnÂ Hmtcm hntÃPnepw XpSÀ¨bmb {Ia¼dpIÄ D]tbmKnt¡XmWv.
hntÃPv AXnÀ¯nbnse kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä¡v hntÃPnsâ hS¡p ]Snªmsd
Zn¡nÂ n¶pw {]Z£nWambn (t¢m¡v sshkv) {Ia¼cpIÄ ÂtIXpw
JÞ§fpsSbpw ssaÀ kÀIyq«pIfpsSbpw AXnÀ¯nbnepÅ kÀsÆ
IÃpIÄ¡v hntÃPv AXnÀ¯nbnse kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä¡v ÂInbn«pÅ
¼cpIfpsS XpSÀ¨bmbpÅ ¼cpIÄ ÂtIXpamWv. CXnte¡mbn
kÀsÆ ^oÂUpIfpsSbpw ]pdt¼m¡v k_vUnhnjpIfpsSbpw AXncpIÄ
am{Xw ImWn¡p¶ Ccp]Xp apXÂ ap¸Xphsc kÀsÆ ^oÂUpIfS§nb
UnamÀt¡j³ kvsI¨pIÄ I«nbpÅ t]¸dnÂ X¿mdm¡n kq£n¡pIbpw
thWw.
43. kÀsÆ IÃpIfpsS ]cntim[þ (1) tÌm¬ cPnÌdnÂ
tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ Hmtcm kÀsÆ IÃpw km[mcWbmbn hÀj¯nÂ Hcp
{]mhiysa¦nepw hntÃPv AknÌâ v ]cntim[nt¡XmWv. F¶mÂ
{]mtbmKnIambn CXp km[yaÃm¯ ]£w ]cntim[bpsS Imemh[n Hcp
hÀj¯nÂ IqSpXÂ o«mhp¶XpamWv. F¶mÂ {]XnhÀjw IpdªXv 1000
kÀsÆ IÃpIsf¦nepw ]cntim[nt¡Xpw hntÃPnse FÃm kÀsÆ
IÃpIfpsSbpw ]cntim[ A©p hÀj¯nÂ Ihnbm¯ ImebfhnpÅnÂ
]qÀ¯nbm¡nbncnt¡XpamIp¶p. CXnpthn Xmeq¡v kÀsÆbÀ ap³Iq«n
Hcp k©mc ]cn]mSn X¿mdm¡n kÀsÆ kq{]nsâ AwKoImcw hm§n hntÃPv
AknÌânp ssIamtdXmWv. ]cntim[ thfbnÂ IÃv icnbmb nebnÂ
ImWp¶ ]£w tÌm¬ cPnÌdnsâ aq¶mw tImf¯nÂ "nehnepv' F¶pw
AÃm¯ ]£w "ImWmXmbncn¡p¶p', "]pd¯mbncn¡p¶p' a®v sImv/
kkymZnIÄ sImv aqSs¸«ncn¡p¶p F¶n§s ]cntim[bnÂ ImWp¶
{]Imchpw tcJs¸Sp¯n Is¿m¸pw XobXnbpw hbvt¡XmWv. cPnkvädnsâ
amXrI Ap_Ôwþ 6 (F), 6 (_n) F¶nhbmbn tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
(2) kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ `qanbnÂ n¶pw ]pd¯mbncn¡pItbm Nmªp
nÂ¡pItbm aqSs¸«ncn¡pItbm AhbpsS of¯nÂ aq¶nsemcwiw a®np
apIfnÂ DbÀ¶p nÂ¡mXncn¡pItbm sN¿p¶ ]£w Ahsb AäIpä
]WnIÄ¡v hnt[bamt¡XmWv. Hcp kÀsÆ¡Ãv ]pXp¡pItbm tISp]mSp
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69
XoÀ¡pItbm sNt¿nhcpt¼mÄ hntÃPv AknÌâ v kÀsÆ AXncSbmf
nba¯nse 15(2)-þmw hIp¸pkcn¨v 1þmw ¼À ^md¯nÂ `q DSabv¡v tm«okv
ÂtIXpw AIvtmfPvsaâ v cPnÌdnÂ AbmfpsS ssI¸äv hmt§XpamWv.
tm«okv ssI¸än 15 Znhk¯npÅnÂ `q DSa kÀsÆ IÃv ]pXp¡pItbm
tISp]mSp XoÀ¡pItbm sN¿p¶XnÂ hogvN hcp¯p¶XmbmÂ hntÃPv
AknÌâ v B tPmen kÀ¡mÀ sNehnÂ nÀhlnt¡Xpw sNehmb XpI
I£nbnÂ n¶pw CuSmt¡XpamWv. tm«okv cPnÌdnsâ amXrI
Ap_Ôwþ7 Bbn tNÀ¯ncn¡p¶p.
(3) XntbmUsseäv tÌmWns kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw `q DSabv¡v H¶mw
¼À t^md¯nÂ tm«okv ÂIn¡gnªmepS³ Xs¶ hntÃPv AknÌâ v
kÀsÆbdpsS klmbt¯msS ãs¸« tÌmWnsâ Ømw ImWn¡p¶ Hcp
kvsI¨v X¿mdm¡n Xmeq¡v kÀsÆbÀ¡v ÂtIXmWv.
44. XntbmUsseäv IÃpIfpsS ]cntim[þ km[mcWbmbn
XntbmUsseäv IÃpIsfmgnsIbpÅ kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ ]pxØm]n¡pItbm
tISp]mSpIÄ XoÀ¡pItbm sN¿p¶Xnv S]SnIÄ kzoIcnt¡Xv hntÃPv
AknÌâ v BIp¶p. C{]Imcw sN¿p¶Xnp ap¼mbn `qhpSa tm«okv ssI¸än
15 Znhkw ]qÀ¯nbmtbm F¶p cPnÌÀ tm¡n Dd¸p hcpt¯Xpv.
Ignbp¶Xpw kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ ]pXp¡pItbm tISp]mSpIÄ XoÀ¡pItbm
sN¿p¶Xv _Ôs¸« I£nIfpsS km¶n²y¯nemIm³ {iant¡XmWv.
F¶mÂ I£nIÄ lmPcmIm¯ ]£w AhcpsS Akm¶n²y¯nepw Cu
tPmen sNbvXp XoÀ¡mhp¶XmWv. kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä ]pXp¡pItbm
tISp]mSp XoÀ¡pItbm sNbvXp IgnªmÂ hntÃPv AknÌâ v hnhcw
cPnÌdnse A©mw tImf¯nÂ "]pXp¡n'/"tISp]mSpIÄ XoÀ¯p' F¶n§s
BhiyapÅ dnamÀs¡gpXn Is¿m¸pw XobXnbpw tcJs¸Spt¯XmWv.
ImWmXmb Hcp kÀsÆ IÃnsâ Ømw tdmUntem Znbntem hcp¶Xp nan¯w
AXv ]pxØm]n¡m³ km[n¡msXh¶mÂ tÌm¬ cPnÌdnse A©mw
tImf¯nÂ "Dt]£n¨p' F¶ dnamÀ¡v tcJs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv. F¶mÂ
tÌm¬ cPnÌdnÂ n¶pw {]kvXpX kÀsÆ ASbmfw o¡w sN¿m³
]mSpÅXÃ.kÀsÆ ASbmf§Ä BhiyapÅXpw F¶mÂ Øncamb
sI«p]mSpIÄ sImp (am³k³dn kv{SIvNÀ) CuSpÅ AXncpIÄ nÀ®bw
sNbvXn«pÅXpamb Øe§fnepw kÀsÆ IÃpIÄ Øm]nt¡ Bhiyw CÃ.
tÌm¬ cPnÌdnÂ "tak³dn’ F¶p tcJs¸Sp¯nbmÂ am{Xw aXnbmIpw.
F¶mÂ C§sbpÅ sI«p]mSpIÄ o¡w sN¿s¸Sp¶ ]£w kÀsÆ
ASbmfw ImWmXmbXmbn IcptXXpw kÀsÆ ASbmfw
]pxØm]nt¡XpamIp¶p.
45. kÀsÆ ASbmfw ]pxØm]n¡p¶Xnpff sNehpIÄþ (1) kÀsÆ
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Village office manual - kerala Land Revenue manual vol 6 uploaded by James Joseph Adhikarathil, Kottayam 9447464502 Your land laws consultant. realutionz

Village office manual - kerala Land Revenue manual vol 6 uploaded by James Joseph Adhikarathil, Kottayam 9447464502 Your land laws consultant. realutionz

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Village office manual - kerala Land Revenue manual vol 6 uploaded by James Joseph Adhikarathil, Kottayam 9447464502 Your land laws consultant. realutionz