Fascism a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition. Communism : a way of organizing a society in which the government owns the things that are used to make and transport products (such as land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) and there is no privately owned property The Origins of WWII Mao Zedong (CCP) and Chiang Kaishek (GMD) Spanish Civil War Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact German invasion of Poland leads to declaration of war from England and France Hitler invades USSR, breaking pact and reuniting the left behind the war effort US Enters the WarUS issues embargo against Japan; competition over hegemony in the PacificDec. 7, 1941: Japan launches “surprise” attack on Pearl HarborUS declares war on Japan (Dec. 8); Germany declares war on US (Dec. 11)Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan) v. Allies (US, USSR, UK, France, Canada, etc.) European TheaterMost troops and largest battles on the Eastern Front (Germany/USSR; but US provides Lend-Lease aid to USSR and UK throughout the war1942- Allied Powers (UK and US) invade North Africa; 1943- Invasion of SicilyBut as early as 1942 the USSR urged a cross channel invasion into France; finally launched on June 6, 1944Allies push from all fronts into Germany; eventually occupy Berlin and force surrender Pacific TheaterJapan occupies Burma, the Philippines, etc. in 1942But US Navy wins battles at Midway and the Coral Sea in Spring/Summer of 19421943-44- island-by-island movement of American forces establishing closer bases for the eventual bombardment of JapanAugust 6-9, 1945- US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan surrenders Was the Bomb Necessary?Truman and his advisors claimed invasion of Japan would cost 500,000 US livesBut it has been argued that Japan was willing to accept the “unconditional surrender” terms of Potsdam in JulyWas the bomb used to prevent Soviet occupation of Japan and/or as the first salvo in the Cold War?Note: fire bombings of Dresden, Tokyo, and other cities produced more casualties A People’s War?Government, press, and most radicals supported warThe Good War; War to defend the Free WorldFDR and the Four Freedoms18 million serve; 25 million buy war bondsWomen in the workforce; Rosie the RiveterOpportunities for African-Americans Myth and the Greatest Generation43,000 conscientious objectors; 350,000 draft evaders14,000 strikes involving 7 million workersBlack Market; adultery; juvenile delinquencyMany women laid off when men return homeSegregated military and blood banksBracero Program and Zoot Suit RiotsJapanese InternmentHolocaust- 6 million Jews, millions of other groups A War for Democracy?: The Post-War WorldAtlantic Charter of 1941Bretton Woods: the IMF and ...

1. Fascism
a political philosophy, movement, or regime (as that of the
Fascisti) that exalts nation and often race above the individual
and that stands for a centralized autocratic government headed
by a dictatorial leader, severe economic and social
regimentation, and forcible suppression of opposition.
Communism
: a way of organizing a society in which the government owns
the things that are used to make and transport products (such as
land, oil, factories, ships, etc.) and there is no privately owned
property
The Origins of WWII
Mao Zedong (CCP) and Chiang Kaishek (GMD)
Spanish Civil War
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
German invasion of Poland leads to declaration of war from
England and France
Hitler invades USSR, breaking pact and reuniting the left
behind the war effort

2. US Enters the WarUS issues embargo against Japan;
competition over hegemony in the PacificDec. 7, 1941: Japan
launches “surprise” attack on Pearl HarborUS declares war on
Japan (Dec. 8); Germany declares war on US (Dec. 11)Axis
(Germany, Italy, Japan) v. Allies (US, USSR, UK, France,
Canada, etc.)
European TheaterMost troops and largest battles on the Eastern
Front (Germany/USSR; but US provides Lend-Lease aid to
USSR and UK throughout the war1942- Allied Powers (UK and
US) invade North Africa; 1943- Invasion of SicilyBut as early
as 1942 the USSR urged a cross channel invasion into France;
finally launched on June 6, 1944Allies push from all fronts into
Germany; eventually occupy Berlin and force surrender
Pacific TheaterJapan occupies Burma, the Philippines, etc. in
1942But US Navy wins battles at Midway and the Coral Sea in
Spring/Summer of 19421943-44- island-by-island movement of
American forces establishing closer bases for the eventual
bombardment of JapanAugust 6-9, 1945- US drops atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Japan surrenders

3. Was the Bomb Necessary?Truman and his advisors claimed
invasion of Japan would cost 500,000 US livesBut it has been
argued that Japan was willing to accept the “unconditional
surrender” terms of Potsdam in JulyWas the bomb used to
prevent Soviet occupation of Japan and/or as the first salvo in
the Cold War?Note: fire bombings of Dresden, Tokyo, and other
cities produced more casualties
A People’s War?Government, press, and most radicals
supported warThe Good War; War to defend the Free WorldFDR
and the Four Freedoms18 million serve; 25 million buy war
bondsWomen in the workforce; Rosie the RiveterOpportunities
for African-Americans
Myth and the Greatest Generation43,000 conscientious
objectors; 350,000 draft evaders14,000 strikes involving 7
million workersBlack Market; adultery; juvenile
delinquencyMany women laid off when men return
homeSegregated military and blood banksBracero Program and
Zoot Suit RiotsJapanese InternmentHolocaust- 6 million Jews,
millions of other groups

4. A War for Democracy?: The Post-War WorldAtlantic Charter of
1941Bretton Woods: the IMF and the UNThe Truman Doctrine
and the Marshall PlanNSC-68 and the “Long Telegram”
Proxy Wars
Greece (1947)
China (1949)
Korea (1950-53)
Iran (1953)
Guatemala (1954)

5. Topic: King Abdullah Scholarship Program
Specific Purpose: to inform to the audience about king
Abdullah scholarship program and what are the goals of it.
Proposition: since there are a lot of scholarships around the
world, king Abdullah scholarship program has better benefits
and valuable goals.
Introduction:
King Abdullah was born on 1 August 1924 in Riyadh. He
was the tenth son of King Abdul-Aziz. He ascended to the
throne on 1 August 2005 upon the death of his half-brother,
King Fahd. He was the King of Saudi Arabia from 2005 to
2015. King Abdullah made development a central focus of his
reign. He initiated a range of major economic, social, education,
health, and infrastructure projects that have brought about
remarkable changes throughout the Kingdom. Also he started
King Abdullah Scholarship Program, which provides the means
to best world universities to pursue studies that lead to degrees
(bachelors, masters and doctorate) and medical fellowship.
Academic disciplines and scholarships are selected on the needs
of government ministries, national corporations and the private
sector.
Body:
When the program started:
The program started in 2005. On that time the Saudi
ministry of higher education assigned team to evaluate the
program and see the result of it, if it has many interests or not.
After finding out the improvement that graduated students
made, the Saudi ministry of higher education decided to extend
the program to 2020.
The program aims to Fulfill the requirements of work markets

6. across the kingdom in regions, universities and industrial cities.
Second, Promoting a high level of academic and professional
standards through the scholarship program. Third, Exchanging
scientific educational and cultural expertise with various
countries in the world. Fourth, Building qualified and
professional Saudi cadres in work environment. Finally, Raising
and developing the level of vocational professionalism of the
Saudi cadres.
Eligibility:
According to Saudi ministry of higher education, there are
two ways to join the program. First, you have to get at least
90% in high school, 80% in comprehensive exam, and 80% in
QIYAS exam (SAT in USA). Second, you study at an accepted
university by your own money and you complete 30 units then
you submit a request with all your transcripts and you wait for
the approval.
How many academic years they give you:
12 to 18 months to learn English. After you finish ESL they
give up to 5 years if you study bachelors, 2 years for masters,
and 4 years for doctorate. And if you could not finish it on time
for some reason you can request an extension.
In which countries the students are studying:
According to Azam Aldakhel the minister of higher
education, the signed agreements with 30 countries such as
United States of America, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan,
Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, Egypt,
Canada, Gulf countries, China.
Statistics:
First, According to ministry of finance they assigned 10% of
the financial budget of Saudi Arabia to the king Abdullah
program. Second, According to LA times, the number of Saudi
students in the U.S. last year grew to 75,566 - a nearly 30%
increase from 2013. Third, According to the Washington post

7. Saudi Arabia now ranks fourth as a student exporter to the
United States. Finally, According to the Institute of
international education, there are 10 times more Saudi students
in the U.S. today than in 2000.
Some information about the program:
Each student has an advisor to check on him and to
answer all questions. Also, Each student has to send his
transcript and new class registration to his advisor. Moreover,
Your companions have opportunity to join the program when
they complete the ESL program and they got full admission
from the university. Finally, Students with high GPA which is
about 3.5 in a semester, they car request a reward called dean
list reward and it is $1500.
Conclusion:
King Abdullah scholarship program has a remarkable move
that will help to improve the Saudi community in all aspects. Its
valuable goal is to develop the country and to fulfill the
requirements of work markets across the kingdom in regions,
universities and industrial cities
The Hundred Days and the First New Deal 20th and 21st

8. Amendments Emergency Banking Act, Glass-Steagall, and FDIC
NRA, AAA, CCC, TVA, FHA, FCC
Rise of the CIO and the Communist Party General Strikes in
Minneapolis, San Francisco; “sit-down” strikes/ UAW John
Lewis leads walkout from AFL convention and establishes
Congress for Industrial Organization Push for government
regulation of business; recognition of unions
The Second New DealREA, WPA Wagner Act, Fair Labor
Standards Bill, SSI First New Deal stabilized economy, Second
New Deal creates safety nets/ welfare state Keynesian
Economics
Limitations of the New Deal African-Americans and the
“Southern Veto” Mexican-Americans- deportation; like blacks,
SSI and Wagner Act ignore agricultural and domestic labor
Indian New Deal Women- domestic work excluded; suffrage
diminished momentum; but Eleanor Roosevelt and Francis
Perkins
The Roaring Twenties
- Real wages increase
- “Welfare Capitalism”

9. - 40% poverty rate
- Rural America
- Decline in union membership
“Return to Normalcy”The Russian Revolution and the Red
ScareProhibition (1920 - 1933)Resurgence of the Ku Klux
KlanImmigration Act of 1924Fundamentalism and the Scopes
Trial (1925)The Hays Code (1922)Mellon PlanThe Supreme
Court and the ACLU (1917)
The Immigration Act of 1924
There has come about a general realization of the fact that the
races of men who have been coming to us in recent years are
wholly dissimilar to the native-born Americans; that they are
untrained in self-government-- a faculty that it has taken the
Northwestern Europeans many centuries to acquire. America
was beginning also to smart under the irritation of her 'foreign
colonies'-- those groups of aliens, either in city slums or in
country districts, who speak a foreign language and live a
foreign life, and who want neither to learn our common speech
nor to share our common life. From all this has grown the

10. conviction that it was best for America that our incoming
immigrants should hereafter be of the same races as those of us
who are already here, so that each year's immigration should so
far as possible be a miniature America, resembling in national
origins the persons who are already settled in our country. . . ."
Conspicuous Consumption
- Hollywood, radio, and phonographs
- Ford and General Motors
- Advertising and credit
- 1928: 1.5 million Americans own stock
The Harlem Renaissance“Great Migration”: 1.5 million from the
South (1910 – 1930) and 150,000 from the West Indies (1920 –
1930)Art and EntertainmentHousing and Business“slumming”
Renaissance:

11. Literally “rebirth,” the period in European civilization
immediately following the Middle Ages and conventionally held
to have been characterized by a surge of interest in Classical
learning and values. The Renaissance also witnessed the
discovery and exploration of new continents, the substitution of
the Copernican for the Ptolemaic system of astronomy the
decline of the feudal system and the growth of commerce, and
the invention or application of such potentially powerful
innovations as paper, printing, the mariner’s compass, and
gunpowder. To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it
was primarily a time of the revival of Classical learning and
wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation.
the Great DepressionBlack Tuesday- October, 29, 1929Real
Estate Speculation (CA and FL)Bank closures and business
failuresHerbert Hoover: the Reconstruction Finance, the Federal
Home Loan Bank System, and public worksBonus Army
Safe for Capitalism
1879-1914: the Panama Canal
Roosevelt: “not the slightest desire for territorial
aggrandizement at the
expense of its southern neighbors” (Foner 717).

12. 1903-1909(?): Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
The United States had the right to exercise “an international
police power”
in the Western Hemisphere (Foner 719).
1913-1916: Wilson and Latin America
It might be more difficult than Wilson assumed to use American
might to
reorder the internal affairs of other nations (Foner 722).
The Great War
June, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated
“Because of… interlocking military alliances… the Allies found
themselves at war with the Central Powers” (Foner 722).
prolonged stalemate: “Karl Marx had called on the ‘workers of
the world’
to unite against their oppressors. Instead, they marched off and
killed
each other” (Foner 723).
1914-1920: The cost of war, famine, and influenza = 31 million
people
the Road to War

13. 1916: “pancho” villa
january, 1917: submarine warfare
march, 1917: the zimmerman telegram
april 2, 1917: declaration of war against germany
november, 1917 - november 11, 1918:
Bolshevik Revolution
the fourteen points - “self determination for all nations” (foner
726).
germany sues for peace
100,000 american soldiers dead (10 million soldiers dead in
entire war)
“War is the Health of the State”
April, 1917: the Committee on Public Information (CPI)
1920: the Nineteenth Amendment
1920-1933: the Eighteenth Amendment
1917-1918: the Espionage and Sedition Acts-
Shouting fire in a crowded theater.
1918: Eugene V. Debs convicted
Employers cooperated with the government in crushing the
Industrial
Workers of the World (Foner 733).
January, 1919: Seattle General Strike
January, 1920: the Palmer Raids - arrests and deportations

14. Melting Pot or Salad Bowl: Americanization and
Pluralism
“By 1919, the vast majority of the states had
enacted laws restricting the teaching of foreign
languages” (Foner 738).
California and Segregation
1907: Gentlemen’s Agreement
1913: Asians barred from owning or leasing land
1920: “Nearly all Mexican children...were educated
in their own schools” (foner 740).
1906-1915: Roosevelt, Wilson, and Race
1917-1920: the Anti-German Crusade
The Revival of Black Protest and the Great Migration
“Between 1910 and 1920, half a million blacks left the South”
(Foner
744).
1917-1919: Chicago, Harlem, Detroit
1905-1909: W.E.B. DuBois and the NAACP
1908-1915: Jack Johnson
1917-1921: Marcus Garvey and the U.N.I.A.
1920: Rube Foster and the N.N.L.

15. Wilson at Versailles
the Wilsonian rhetoric of self-determination reverberated across
the globe (Foner 752).
the League of Nations
the Treaty of Versailles: World War I sowed the seeds not of a
lasting peace but of wars to come (Foner 754).
Warren G. Harding and a “return to normalcy”