The Ring programming language version 1.6 book - Part 188 of 189

Ring Documentation, Release 1.6
QScrollArea Class
RingQt Classes Reference, 1751
QSerialPort Class
QSerialPortInfo Class
QSize Class
QSlider Class
QSpinBox Class
QSplashScreen Class
QSplitter Class
QSqlDatabase Class
QSqlDriver Class
QSqlDriverCreatorBase Class
QSqlError Class
QSqlField Class
QSqlIndex Class
QSqlQuery Class
QSqlRecord Class
QStatusBar Class
QString2 Class
QStringList Class
QStringRef Class
QSystemTrayIcon Class
Qt Class Convertor
What is new in Ring 1.4?, 99
Qt conﬁguration ﬁle
Code Generator, 820
QTableView Class
QTableWidget Class
QTableWidgetItem Class
QTabWidget Class
QTcpServer Class
QTcpSocket Class
QTest Class
QTextBlock Class
QTextBrowser Class
QTextCharFormat Class
QTextCodec Class
QTextCursor Class
QTextDocument Class
QTextEdit Class
QThread Class
QThreadPool Class
QTime Class
QTimer Class
QToolBar Class
QToolButton Class
QTreeView Class
QTreeWidget Class
QTreeWidgetItem Class
Queue Class
Stdlib Classes, 346
Quotes about Ring
Applications developed in little hours, 1
QUrl Class
QUuid Class
QVariant Class
QVBoxLayout Class
QVideoWidget and QMediaPlayer
Desktop and Mobile Development, 622
QVideoWidget Class
Index 1843

QVideoWidgetControl Class
QWebView Class
QWidget Class
QWindow Class
QXmlStreamAttribute Class
QXmlStreamAttributes Class
QXmlStreamEntityDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamEntityResolver Class
QXmlStreamNamespaceDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamNotationDeclaration Class
QXmlStreamReader Class
QXmlStreamWriter Class
Raise()
Eval() and Debugging, 255
RandBytes()
Security and Internet Functions, 285
Random Image
Web Development (CGI Library), 407
Random()
Mathematical Functions, 234
Read File using Read()
Files, 238
readline()
Stdlib Functions, 335
Real Natual Code
Natural Language Programming, 376
Recursion
Functions - First Style, 196
Functions - Second Style, 200
Functions - Third Style, 204
Reference
Compiler Errors, 1811
Environment Errors, 1813
Introduction, 1808
Language Functions, 1810
Language Grammar, 1813
Language Keywords, 1809
Runtime Errors, 1812
Virtual Machine Instructions, 1815
Reﬂection and Meta-programming
addattribute(), 317
addmethod(), 317
attributes(), 314
cfunctions(), 307
classes(), 311
classname(), 313
functions(), 307
getattribute(), 319
globals(), 306
Introduction, 304
isattribute(), 315
iscfunction(), 309
isclass(), 311
isfunction(), 308
isglobal(), 308
islocal(), 308
ismethod(), 316
isobject(), 314
ispackage(), 310
ispackagesclass(), 312
isprivateattribute(), 315
isprivatemethod(), 316
locals(), 306
mergemethods(), 321
methods(), 314
objectid(), 313
packagename(), 322
packages(), 309
packagesclasses(), 312
setattribute(), 320
Register New Functions
Code Generator, 814
Regular Expressions
Relational Operators
Operators, 173
Remove()
Files, 239
Rename()
Files, 239
Resources
Contact the Autor, 1822
Introduction, 1821
Ring Group, 1822
Ring Language Website, 1822
Restore Image From The Database
MySQL Functions, 276
Return object by reference
Declarative Programming, 365
Return Self by Reference
Return Value
Extension, 801
Index 1844

Reverse()
Lists, 209
Rewind()
Files, 241
Right()
Strings, 215
Ring and other languages
Introduction, 23
RING API - list Functions
Extension, 803
RING API - String Functions
Extension, 805
Ring CGI Hello World Program
Ring Group
Resources, 1822
Ring Language Website
Resources, 1822
Ring mode for Emacs Editor
Ring Notepad
Introduction, 150
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first con-
sole application, 151
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first game,
157
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first GUI
application, 154
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first Web
application, 155
Ring Notepad - Main Window, 151
The Browser Menu, 162
The Distribute Menu, 163
The Edit Menu, 159
The File Menu, 159
The Help Menu, 163
The Main File in the Project, 158
The Program Menu, 162
The Tools Menu, 163
The View Menu, 160
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first console
application
Ring Notepad, 151
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first game
Ring Notepad, 157
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first GUI ap-
plication
Ring Notepad, 154
Ring Notepad - Creating and running your first Web ap-
plication
Ring Notepad, 155
Ring Notepad - Main Window
Ring Notepad, 151
Ring State
Embedding Ring Language in C/C++ Programs, 808
Ring State Functions
Ring State Variables
Ring VM - Tracing Functions
ring_ext.c
Extension, 798
ring_ext.h
Extension, 798
ring_state_setvar()
Embedding Ring in Ring, 796
RingAllegro Functions Reference
Introduction, 844
RingCodeHighlighter Class
RingConsoleColors Extension
RingConsoleColors Functions Reference
Introduction, 840
RingFreeGLUT Extension
RingFreeGLUT Functions Reference
Introduction, 879
RingLibCurl
Facebook Login, 441
Get Request, 441
Get Stock Data From Yahoo, 443
Introduction, 440
Post Request, 441
Save output to string, 442
RingLibCurl Functions Reference
Introduction, 830
RingLibSDL
Close Window Event, 465
Create Window, 462
Display Image, 462
Display PNG Images, 463
Display Transparent Images, 464
Draw Rectangle, 463
Introduction, 461
Mouse Events, 466
Play Sound, 467
Switch Between Two Images, 462
Use TTF Fonts, 464
RingLibSDL Functions Reference
Introduction, 863
RingLibZip Functions Reference
Introduction, 839
RingMurmurHash Extension
Index 1845

RingMurmurHash Functions Reference
Example, 843
Introduction, 842
MurmurHash1 functions, 843
RingOpenGL (OpenGL 1.1) Functions Reference
Introduction, 888
Introduction, 913
Introduction, 939
Introduction, 968
Introduction, 998
Introduction, 1029
Introduction, 1063
Introduction, 1105
Introduction, 1150
Introduction, 1196
Introduction, 1243
Introduction, 1290
Introduction, 1337
Introduction, 1384
Introduction, 1431
Introduction, 1478
Introduction, 1525
Introduction, 1572
RingOpenGL Extension
RingQt Classes and their Qt Documentation
RingQt Classes Reference
CodeEditor Class, 1739
Introduction, 1620
QAbstractButton Class, 1670
QAbstractItemView Class, 1656
QAbstractScrollArea Class, 1655
QAbstractSlider Class, 1663
QAbstractSocket Class, 1691
QAbstractSpinBox Class, 1666
QAction Class, 1674
QAllEvents Class, 1704
QApp Class, 1621
QAxBase Class, 1758
QAxObject Class, 1758
QBitmap Class, 1629
QBluetoothAddress Class, 1764
QBluetoothDeviceDiscoveryAgent Class, 1764
QBluetoothDeviceInfo Class, 1764
QBluetoothHostInfo Class, 1765
QBluetoothLocalDevice Class, 1765
QBoxLayout Class, 1748
QBrush Class, 1688
QBuffer Class, 1763
QButtonGroup Class, 1671
QByteArray Class, 1688
QCamera Class, 1743
QCameraImageCapture Class, 1744
QCameraViewﬁnder Class, 1742
QCheckBox Class, 1669
QColor Class, 1682
QColorDialog Class, 1701
QComboBox Class, 1645
QCompleter Class, 1752
QCompleter2 Class, 1753
QCompleter3 Class, 1753
QCoreApplication Class, 1773
QCursor Class, 1757
QDate Class, 1715
QDateEdit Class, 1664
QDateTime Class, 1765
QDateTimeEdit Class, 1664
QDesktopServices Class, 1621
QDesktopWidget Class, 1708
QDial Class, 1667
QDialog Class, 1698
QDir Class, 1640
QDirModel Class, 1697
QDockWidget Class, 1651
QEvent Class, 1675
QFileDialog Class, 1677
QFileInfo Class, 1696
QFileSystemModel Class, 1640
QFont Class, 1686
QFontDialog Class, 1698
QFontMetrics Class, 1747
QFrame Class, 1654
QFrame2 Class, 1655
QFrame3 Class, 1655
QGradient Class, 1750
QGraphicsVideoItem Class, 1742
QGridLayout Class, 1740
Index 1846

QGuiApplication Class, 1771
QHBoxLayout Class, 1634
QHeaderView Class, 1744
QHostAddress Class, 1695
QHostInfo Class, 1695
QIcon Class, 1631
QImage Class, 1725
QInputDialog Class, 1703
QIODevice Class, 1690
QJsonArray Class, 1734
QJsonDocument Class, 1735
QJsonObject Class, 1736
QJsonParseError Class, 1736
QJsonValue Class, 1736
QKeySequence Class, 1702
QLabel Class, 1628
QLayout Class, 1749
QLCDNumber Class, 1702
QLinearGradient Class, 1750
QLineEdit Class, 1631
QListView Class, 1757
QListWidget Class, 1636
QListWidgetItem Class, 1714
QMainWindow Class, 1649
QMdiArea Class, 1755
QMdiSubWindow Class, 1756
QMediaObject Class, 1744
QMediaPlayer Class, 1672
QMediaPlaylist Class, 1672
QMenu Class, 1647
QMenuBar Class, 1647
QMessageBox Class, 1676
QMutex Class, 1763
QMutexLocker Class, 1763
QNetworkAccessManager Class, 1723
QNetworkProxy Class, 1693
QNetworkReply Class, 1724
QNetworkRequest Class, 1722
QObject Class, 1621
QPainter Class, 1679
QPainter2 Class, 1681
QPainterPath Class, 1724
QPen Class, 1682
QPicture Class, 1681
QPixmap Class, 1629
QPixmap2 Class, 1631
QPlainTextEdit Class, 1737
QPoint Class, 1751
QPointF Class, 1750
QPrinter Class, 1685
QProcess Class, 1754
QProgressBar Class, 1661
QPushButton Class, 1629
QRadioButton Class, 1671
QRect Class, 1708
QRegion Class, 1775
QRegularExpression Class, 1733
QRegularExpressionMatch Class, 1733
QRegularExpressionMatchIterator Class, 1734
QScreen Class, 1766
QScrollArea Class, 1751
QSerialPort Class, 1759
QSerialPortInfo Class, 1761
QSize Class, 1631
QSlider Class, 1664
QSpinBox Class, 1662
QSplashScreen Class, 1748
QSplitter Class, 1751
QSqlDatabase Class, 1716
QSqlDriver Class, 1717
QSqlDriverCreatorBase Class, 1721
QSqlError Class, 1719
QSqlField Class, 1720
QSqlIndex Class, 1719
QSqlQuery Class, 1718
QSqlRecord Class, 1719
QStatusBar Class, 1651
QString2 Class, 1754
QStringList Class, 1701
QStringRef Class, 1761
QSystemTrayIcon Class, 1715
QTableView Class, 1658
QTableWidget Class, 1659
QTableWidgetItem Class, 1653
QTabWidget Class, 1652
QTcpServer Class, 1694
QTcpSocket Class, 1693
QTest Class, 1621
QTextBlock Class, 1712
QTextBrowser Class, 1774
QTextCharFormat Class, 1740
QTextCodec Class, 1716
QTextCursor Class, 1699
QTextDocument Class, 1710
QTextEdit Class, 1634
QThread Class, 1731
QThreadPool Class, 1732
QTime Class, 1713
QTimer Class, 1677
QToolBar Class, 1648
QToolButton Class, 1759
QTreeView Class, 1638
QTreeWidget Class, 1641
QTreeWidgetItem Class, 1644
QUrl Class, 1668
QUuid Class, 1759
QVariant Class, 1721
QVBoxLayout Class, 1633
Index 1847

QVideoWidget Class, 1673
QVideoWidgetControl Class, 1743
QWebView Class, 1667
QWidget Class, 1622
QWindow Class, 1767
QXmlStreamAttribute Class, 1731
QXmlStreamAttributes Class, 1731
QXmlStreamEntityDeclaration Class, 1730
QXmlStreamEntityResolver Class, 1730
QXmlStreamNamespaceDeclaration Class, 1730
QXmlStreamNotationDeclaration Class, 1730
QXmlStreamReader Class, 1727
QXmlStreamWriter Class, 1729
RingCodeHighlighter Class, 1727
RingREPL
RingSQLite
ringvm_callfunc()
Low Level Functions, 782
RingVM_CallList()
RingVM_CFunctionsList()
RingVM_ClassesList()
ringvm_evalinscope()
RingVM_FilesList()
RingVM_FunctionsList()
ringvm_hideerrorMsg()
RingVM_MemoryList()
RingVM_PackagesList()
ringvm_passerror()
ringvm_scopescount()
ringvm_settrace()
ringvm_tracedata()
ringvm_traceevent()
ringvm_tracefunc()
RingZip
Create Zip File, 445
Extract Zip File, 445
Introduction, 444
Print files in Zip file, 445
Using RingZip Classes, 445
Zip Class Reference, 447
ZipEntry Class Reference, 447
RingZip Library
Rotate Text
Rules
The Type Hints Library, 742
Run the program
Getting Started - First Style, 143
Getting Started - Second Style, 146
Getting Started - Third Style, 148
Running Forms
Form Designer, 706
Runtime Errors
Reference, 1812
Samples
How to contribute?, 141
Samples in this book
Samples Source (Authors)
Using RingOpenGL and RingFreeGLUT for 3D
Graphics, 522
Save and Restore Images
ODBC Functions, 268
Save Image Inside the Database
Save output to string
RingLibCurl, 442
Scaling and Rotating Images
Graphics and Game Programming, 457
Scope Rules
Accessing the class attributes from braces inside
class methods, 718
Conflict between Class Attributes and Local Vari-
ables, 715
Conflict between Global Variables and Class At-
tributes, 714
Conflict between self inside braces and self in the
class region, 721
Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applica-
tions, 720
Defining Variables and Variables Access, 712
How Ring find the Variable?, 713
Introduction, 711
Summary of Scope Rules, 725
The Self Object, 713
Three Scopes, 712
Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods,
716
Index 1848

Using braces to escape from the current object scope,
724
Using Object.Attribute, 713
Scope Rules for Functions and Methods
Calling a function sharing the name with a method in
the current class, 729
Example about Sharing Names between Functions
and Methods, 727
How Ring find a functions and methods?, 727
Introduction, 726
ScriptFunctions Class
Search
Lists, 208
Search of global names while defining the class attributes
Frequently Asked Questions, 1789
Security and Internet Functions
Decrypt(), 285
Download(), 286
Encrypt(), 284
Example, 285
File Hash, 285
Introduction, 281
MD5(), 282
RandBytes(), 285
SendEmail(), 286
SHA1(), 283
SHA224(), 284
SHA256(), 283
SHA384(), 284
SHA512(), 283
Security Class
Stdlib Classes, 362
Send Parameters
SendEmail()
Serial Execution of Programs
Embedding Ring in Ring, 795
Set List Item
Lists, 207
setattribute()
Reflection and Meta-programming, 320
Setter and Getter
Object Oriented Programming, 291
SHA1()
SHA224()
SHA256()
SHA384()
SHA512()
Shared Libraries
Extension, 806
Short-circuit evaluation
Control Structures - First Style, 180
Shutdown() Function
System Functions, 253
sign()
Simple
Language Design, 28
Simple Client and Server Example
Sin() Implementation
Extension, 802
Single: Desktop and Mobile Development
Introduction, 589
sleep()
Smart Garbage Collector
Language Design, 36
Sort()
Lists, 208
Sort() and List of Objects
Object Oriented Programming, 296
Sound Class
Game Engine for 2D Games, 473
Source Code File Sections
Program Structure, 205
space()
Special thanks to contributors
split()
splitmany()
Sprite Automatic Movement
Sprite Class
Sprite Keypress Event
Sprite Mouse Event
Sprite State Event
SQLite
Introduction, 278
sqlite_close(), 279
sqlite_execute(), 279
sqlite_init(), 279
Index 1849

sqlite_open(), 279
SQLite Class
Stdlib Classes, 361
sqlite_close()
SQLite, 279
sqlite_execute()
SQLite, 279
sqlite_init()
SQLite, 279
sqlite_open()
SQLite, 279
Squares Puzzle Game
Stack Class
Stdlib Classes, 346
Stars Fighter Game
startswith()
StdBase Class
Stdlib Classes, 341
Stdlib Classes
Conversion Class, 358
DataType Class, 357
DateTime Class, 352
Debug Class, 356
File Class, 354
HashTable Class, 347
Internet Class, 363
Introduction, 340
List Class, 344
Math Class, 349
MySQL Class, 360
ODBC Class, 359
Queue Class, 346
Security Class, 362
SQLite Class, 361
Stack Class, 346
StdBase Class, 341
String Class, 342
System Class, 355
Tree Class, 348
Stdlib Functions
apppath(), 324
binarydigits(), 333
capitalized(), 327
changestring(), 336
dayofweek(), 334
direxists(), 336
endswith(), 330
EpochTime(), 338
evenorodd(), 332
factorial(), 328
factors(), 332
fibonacci(), 329
file2list(), 330
filter(), 326
FSize(), 337
gcd(), 331
getnumber(), 324
getstring(), 324
Introduction, 322
isleapyear(), 333
ismainsourcefile(), 336
isprime(), 329
isspecial(), 327
isvowel(), 328
JustFileName(), 325
JustFilePath(), 324
lcm(), 331
linecount(), 328
list2file(), 329
ListAllFiles() Function, 338
makedir(), 337
map(), 326
matrixmulti(), 333
matrixtrans(), 334
newlist(), 327
OSCopyFile() Function, 339
OSCopyFolder() Function, 339
OSCreateOpenFolder() Function, 339
OSDeleteFile() Function, 340
OSDeleteFolder() Function, 339
OSRenameFile() Function, 340
palindrome(), 333
permutation(), 334
print(), 323
Print2Str() Function, 323
prodlist(), 332
puts(), 323
readline(), 335
sign(), 329
sleep(), 336
split(), 326
splitmany(), 326
startswith(), 330
substring(), 335
sumlist(), 331
SystemCmd() Function, 338
SystemSilent() Function, 339
times(), 325
TrimAll(), 337
TrimLeft(), 337
TrimRight(), 338
value(), 325
StdLib functions and classes written in Ring
Step Option
Index 1850

Str2Hex()
Data Type, 231
str2list() and list2str()
Strings, 218
strcmp()
Strings, 218
String Class
Stdlib Classes, 342
String Literals
Strings, 214
String()
Data Type, 229
Strings
Access String Letters, 214
Convert Letters Case, 214
Copy(), 216
Find SubString, 217
Get Number of Characters from position, 217
Get String Length, 214
Get Substring from position to end, 217
Introduction, 213
Left(), 215
Lines(), 216
Right(), 215
str2list() and list2str(), 218
strcmp(), 218
String Literals, 214
Substr(), 216
Transform Substring To Another Substring, 217
Trim(), 216
StyleFunctions Class
Substr()
Strings, 216
substring()
sumlist()
Summary of Scope Rules
Scope Rules, 725
Super Man 2016 Game
Swap Items
Lists, 213
Switch Between Two Images
RingLibSDL, 462
Switch Statement
Control Structures - Second Style, 183
Control Structures - Third Style, 186
Syntax Flexibility
Change Language Keywords, 731
Change Language Operators, 732
Introduction, 730
Load Syntax Files, 732
Using ’case’ as ’on’ in switch statements, 738
Using ’def’ as ’func’ in functions/methods deﬁni-
tion, 738
Using ’end’ keyword after Pack-
ages/Classes/Functions, 739
Using ’endpackage’/’endclass’/’endfunc’ keywords
after Packages/Classes/Functions, 739
Using ’put’ and ’get’ as ’see’ and ’give’, 738
Using () around the function parameters, 732
in the start of the variable name, 735
Using braces { } in Packages/Classes/Functions, 739
Using braces to start and end different control struc-
tures, 737
Using Semi-colon after and between statements, 734
Using the ’else’ keyword as ’other’ in switch state-
ment, 735
Using the ’elseif’ keyword as ’but’ in if statement,
735
Using the ’end’ keyword in different control struc-
tures, 736
SysGet() Function
System Class
Stdlib Classes, 355
System Functions
ChDir() Function, 252
CurrentDir() Function, 252
Example, 249
ExeFileName() Function, 252
ExeFolder() Function, 252
Get Active Source File Name, 251
Get Command Line Arguments, 250
Introduction, 246
IsAndroid() Function, 249
IsFreeBSD() Function, 249
IsLinux() Function, 249
IsMacOSX() Function, 248
IsMSDOS() Function, 248
IsUnix() Function, 248
IsWindows() Function, 248
IsWindows64() Function, 248
PrevFileName() Function, 251
Shutdown() Function, 253
SysGet() Function, 248
System() Function, 247
Version() Function, 252
Windowsnl() Function, 250
System() Function
SystemCmd() Function
Index 1851

SystemSilent() Function
Tempfile()
Files, 241
Templates
Tempname()
Files, 241
Testing
Text Class
The Browser Menu
Ring Notepad, 162
The Camera
Graphics, 532
The Cards Game
Demo Programs, 680
The Designer Windows
Form Designer, 705
The Difference between Qt and RingQt
The Distribute Menu
Ring Notepad, 163
The documentation says functional programming is sup-
ported, but then this happens?
Frequently Asked Questions, 1781
The Edit Menu
Ring Notepad, 159
The File Menu
Ring Notepad, 159
The First GUI Application
The First Triangle
Graphics, 525
The First Window using RingFreeGLUT
Graphics, 523
The Help Menu
Ring Notepad, 163
The Main File in the Project
Ring Notepad, 158
The Natural Library
The Program Menu
Ring Notepad, 162
The Properties
Form Designer, 705
The Self Object
Scope Rules, 713
The Tools Menu
Ring Notepad, 163
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger
BreakPoint, 792
Disable BreakPoints, 792
Execute Program Line by Line, 791
Interactive Debugger, 791
Introduction, 789
Loading the Trace library, 790
Pass Error, 791
Trace All Events, 790
Trace control flow between functions, 790
Using the Interactive Debugger, 792
The Type Hints Library
Example, 741
Introduction to the Type Hints Library, 740
Rules, 742
User Types, 741
Using Types inside Code, 742
Why Type Hints?, 741
The View Menu
Ring Notepad, 160
Threads
Threads Support
Code Generator, 818
Three Scopes
Scope Rules, 712
TicTacToe 3D Game
Using RingOpenGL and RingAllegro for 3D Graph-
ics, 579
TicTacToe Game
Time()
Date and Time, 220
TimeList()
Date and Time, 221
times()
Trace All Events
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 790
Trace control flow between functions
The Trace Library and the Interactive Debugger, 790
Trace Library and Interactive Debugger
Transaction Example
Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback
ODBC Functions, 267
Transform Substring To Another Substring
Strings, 217
Transparent Image
Transparent Implementation
Index 1852

The Ring programming language version 1.6 book - Part 188 of 189

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The Ring programming language version 1.6 book - Part 188 of 189