The document discusses the food system and sustainable natural resource management. It provides an overview of the food system, including primary production, secondary production, exchange, consumption, and the dynamic behavioral changes over time by consumers, producers, markets, governments, and other groups. It also discusses the goals of the food system, interactions between the food system and environment, what constitutes a sustainable food system, and potential policy options to promote sustainability.

1. The Food System and
Sustainable Natural
Resource Management
Per Pinstrup-Andersen
Derrill D. Watson II
Tenth Annual Conference of the
Global Development Network
Kuwait
February 3-5, 2009

4. A Food System:
Resources
Primary Production
Natural Environment
Policy & Research
Secondary Production
Exchange
Consumption
Nutrition

5. A Dynamic Behavioral Food System
Change in behavior of:
 Consumers
Food System  Producers Food System
(Time period 1) (Time period 2)
 Market agents
 Government
 Resource owners
 NGOs
Incentives
Regulations
Knowledge

6. Goals of the Food System
 Provider of Food, Feed, Fiber, and Fuel
 Provider of Ecosystem Services
 Income Generation and Poverty
Alleviation

7. Interactions Between the Food
System and the Environment (1)
 Green House Gases/Climate Change
 Agriculture as a Sink or a Source
 Food Miles
 Animal Production
 Soils and Forests
 Deforestation
 Soil Erosion
 Nutrient Mining
 Salination and Waterlogging

8. Interactions Between the Food
System and the Environment (2)
 Water
 Over Use
 Low Water Use Efficiency
 Pollution
 Chemical Inputs
 Fertilizers
 Pesticides
 Biodiversity

9. A Sustainable Food System
 Trade-Offs and Substitution
 Between Food System and Environmental Goals
 Current vs. Future Generations
 Between Natural and Human-Made Capital
 Natural Capital
 Human Capital
 Social Capital
 Physical Capital (Human-Made)
 Financial
 Absolute or Relative Trade-Offs

10. Policy Options
 Full Costing (Expanding PP and PES)
 Property Rights
 Production Methods
 Modified Organic Production
 Productivity Increases, Adaptation, and
Mitigation
 Agricultural Research
 Pursue Win-Win-Win Solutions

11. The Modified Environmental
Kuznets Curve