This document provides an overview of relational databases and how to query data using Eduphoria. It discusses that a relational database consists of tables that store sets of data. Relational databases allow users to upload data and query it. Querying can be done through writing SQL or R code, or using a graphical user interface. The document emphasizes thinking in terms of rows and columns when querying and provides examples of how to choose rows and columns through the Eduphoria wizard. It also covers exporting and analyzing data from Eduphoria.
2. What is a Relational Database?
• The invention of this database system has standardized the
way that data is stored and processed.
• A relational database consists of a collection of tables that
store particular sets of data.
• The concept of a relational database derives from the
principles of relational algebra, developed by E. F. Codd in the
1970s.
• Relational databases are built-in to software like EDUPHORIA,
so the database is generally invisible to the user.
3. What Does One Do With a Relational
Database?
1.
2.
Upload data
Query
5. Smart Querying
• Know your research question well before pushing any buttons!
• Think in terms of ROWS & COLUMNS
column
row
6. Just for fun…
SQL term
Relational database term Description
Row
Tuple or record
A data set representing a
single item
Attribute or field
A labeled element of a
tuple, e.g. "Address" or
"Date of birth"
Relation or Base relvar
A set of tuples sharing
the same attributes; a
set of columns and rows
Derived relvar
Any set of tuples; a data
report from the RDBMS
in response to a query
Column
Table
View or result set
Eduphoria borrows its terminology from SQL
8. ROW/COLUMN Quiz
Q1. There is a teacher of 32 8th-grade math students and the teacher
has just given a DA and wants to debrief with her students. She
needs a quick read on how they did on each item.
A1. ROWS: students; COLUMNS: test items
Bonus: What will appear in the table cells?
answer choice and disposition
9. Let’s Complicate Things (Slightly)
• The BY function
• It is hidden by the GUI in Eduphoria
• Often used to create additional levels in either ROWS or
COLUMNS
• Ex: Scores: SE% correct BY ethnicity (extra level of COLUMNS)
• Student scores BY teacher (could be extra level of ROWS)
10. ROW/COLUMN Quiz
Q2. I want to know if the fifth graders did better this year on STAAR
math than they did last year.
A2. ROWS: students; COLUMNS: scores by test
11. Choosing ROWS through the Wizard
• Not as apparent as choosing COLUMNS
• You begin choosing ROWS as soon as you begin querying the
database by narrowing down the data (driving to the mall)
• “Select a Test”
• “How do you want to view the results?”
• “Select a timeframe”
Note: almost always choose “Where students are now”
14. Let’s Run the 2 Quiz Questions in Eduphoria
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Using (on not using) the Wizard
Color coding/heat mapping
Data pivot
Summary view options
Graphing
Editing
Exporting
15. The 2 Questions
• Q1. There is a teacher of 32 8th-grade math students and the
teacher has just given a DA and wants to debrief with her
students. She needs a quick read on how they did on each
item.
• Q2. I want to know if all 5th-graders did better this year on
STAAR math than they did last year.
16. Exporting Data from Eduphoria
• For distribution analysis
• For inferential analysis
21. FERPA
• Do not send emails with text or datasets (attached or
otherwise) that contain information identifying students
• All data analysis that leaves the campus or the district offices
must be vetted through C&I