extraction of titanium

1. Extraction Of
Titanium

2. Content
 Introduction
 Occurrence
 Ores
 Extraction
 Uses

3. Introduction
 Transition metal.
 Group 4 member (periodic table)
 Atomic number: 22
 Mass number: 47.87
 5 stable isotopes (mas no. 46-50)
 4 unstable isotopes (mass no. 43,44,45 & 51)

4. Occurrence
• Derived from Greek word ‘titans’
• 0.6% of the earth’s crust
• 9th most abundant metal

5. Main Ores
Ilmenite (FeTiO3)

6. Properties
• Color is silvery metallic
• Solid at room temperature
• Melting point 1668°C
• Boiling point 3287°C
• Density 4.506g/cm3
• Less resistant to corrosion in strongly
reducing media

7. Extraction
• Main source of Ti extraction is rutile
• Rutile converted into Ti by following
processes:
1. Chloride process
2. Reduction with Carbon
3. Electro winning

9. Chloride Process
• Rutile converted into TiCl₄
• Calcined coke used as reducing agent (low ash content)
• Coke (Low volatile contents), no HCl will found
TiO₂ + 2Cl₂ +C = TiCl₄ + CO₂
• Rise in temperature CO will form from CO₂ and carbon from
coke
• Introduce oxygen with Cl to maintain temperature at 800-
1200°C.
• Coke consumption per ton of TiO₂ (250 to 300 Kg)

10. Purification of TiCl4
• Ore contains different impurities (may be elements or dust)
• Elements form chlorides (solid at room temperature)
• Chlorides & dust removed from TiCl₄ by distillation
• Chlorides like VCl₄, VOCl₃ can not removed by distillation (close boiling
points)
• Reduced to form solid low value VCl₄ & VOCl₃
• Reducing agents may be Cu, H₂S, hydrocarbons & amines
• In TiCl₄ there should be V less than 5 ppm

11. Oxidation of TiCl4
• TiO2 used in chloride process not pure uses TiCl₄ for purification
• To make TiO₂ again, oxidize TiCl₄
TiCl₄ + O₂ = TiO₂ + 2Cl₂
• Weak exothermic reaction, temperature of reaction should be high
• Temperature > 1000°C can be achieved by heating O₂
• Hot TiCl₄ & O₂ are fed into a reaction chamber separately
• Mixed rapidly & completely to give a high reaction rate
• Cl can be removed either by liquefaction or by flushing N₂ or air

12. Reduction of TiCl4 (Kroll process)
• Reduction is as
TiCl₄+2Mg = Ti+2MgCl₂
• Kroll process pyro metallurgical industrial process
• Used to produce metallic titanium from titanium
tetrachloride.
• Replaced Hunter process for almost all commercial
production

15. Electrowinning
• Theoretical process, not in commercial use
• Used method is Krolls process
• Aqueous electrolysis cant be used because titanium is a reactive
metal fused electrolysis used
• A method for Electrowinning titanium metal or titanium alloy from
conductive titanium oxide containing compounds selected from
titanium oxides, Ferro-titanium oxides, titanium compounds and
mixtures thereof, said method comprising

17. Processing of Scrap metal
• For mass production of Ti , Ti scrap should be used
• This scrap is produced during the production of semi finished products,
their processing to finish products
• This scrap may be mixed with sponge & compressed
• It may also be welded with sponge
• This scrap can also be added to the melt in small pieces along with
sponge
• The scrap may also be used to produce Ti instead of mixing it with Ti
sponge
• Untreated scrap can be added to steel, Ni, Al, Cu & Zn alloys

18. Uses
• Titanium alloys are used in aircraft
• Used in naval ships, space crafts & missiles
• In steel alloys to reduce grain size and as a deoxidizer
• In stainless steel to reduce carbon content
• Joint replacement implants such as hip ball

20. References
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/titanium-ore
• https://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/extraction/titanium.ht
ml
• https://www.britannica.com/technology/titanium-
processing/Extraction-and-refining
• https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11663-020-01898-6

22. Presented By:-
Fatima Azhar (2021-MM-16)
Momina Jamil (2021-MM-08)
Arfa Ghafar (2021-MM-18)