In this lecture, Prof. Mohamed Labib Salem, Prof. of Immunology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt presents basic information on Nobel Prize, including history, rules, and winners. He also provides a pathway to young researchers to reach Nobel research that can lead to Nobel Prize. في هذه المحاضرة يقدم ا.د. محمد لبيب سالم أستاذ علم المناعة بكلية العلوم جامعة طنطا بمصر طريق النجاح في البحث العلمي الذي قد يؤدي إلي جائزة نوبل في العلوم.

3. Signaling Mechanisms in
Nobel Research Pathway
Dr. Mohamed Labib Salem, PhD
Prof. of Immunology, Faculty of Science
Director, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research
Tanta University, Egypt

4. Cell
signaling

5. Synaptic
signaling
Types of Cell Signaling

6. What is Cell Signaling?
• Cell signaling is the process of
cellular communication within the
body driven by cells releasing and
receiving hormones and other
signaling molecules.
• As a process, cell signaling refers to
a vast network of communication
between, and within, each cell of
our body.
• Cell signaling enables coordination
within multicellular organisms.

7. All our life activities
from born to death
are just like
“Cell Signaling”

8. The Nobel Prize

9. The Nobel Prize
• The Nobel Prize is considered the most
prestigious prize in the world.
• This prize is given in the 7 fields: Physics,
Chemistry, Medicine, Literature, Economics,
and Peace Prize (1901) Economic sciences
(1968).

10. Alfred Nobel
1833–1896
made a
fortune off
dynamite –
his most
known
invention.

11. The man: Alfred Nobel (1833–1896)
• The Nobel Prize is the legacy of Sweden’s Nobel. A chemist,
engineer, inventor and entrepreneur.
• Nobel was devoted to the study of explosives, and his
inventions include a blasting cap, dynamite and smokeless
gunpowder.
• When Nobel died, he held 355 patents in different countries
and had made a fortune.
• His last will, signed in 1895, is the reason that the Nobel Prize
is awarded every year.

12. The Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize is awarded
to ‘those who, during the
preceding year, shall have
conferred the greatest
benefit on mankind’

13. The party on 10 December
• At the Stockholm Concert Hall, the winners in
physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature
and economic sciences receive a medal from the
King of Sweden, as well as a diploma and a cash
award.
• The ceremony is followed by a gala banquet at
Stockholm City Hall.
• The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo City Hall on
the same day.

14. The Nobel Prize: The money
• In his last will, Nobel declared that he wanted the bulk of
his assets to go to a fund, and that the interest from that fund
should be distributed as annual prizes.
• Four institutions in Sweden and Norway conferring the prizes
were to be:
The Swedish Academy of Sciences, Karolinska Institute
in Stockholm, the Academy in Stockholm and a
committee of five persons to be elected by the
Norwegian parliament (the Storting).

15. The Nobel Prize: The money
• The recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were
given 150,782 SEK.
• The Nobel Prize sum is currently SEK 10
million (around EUR 950,000) for each prize
category, even when the prize is shared.
• There may be no more than three winners, or
laureates, for each prize category.

16. The Nobel Prize: The Foundation
• In 1900 the four institutions awarding the prizes
agreed to create the Nobel Foundation, a private
institution based on the will of Alfred Nobel.
• The foundation would administer Alfred Nobel’s
assets, totaling more than SEK 31 million (quite
a sum of money at the time), make public
announcements and arrange the prize
ceremonies.

17. The Peace Prize
• Sweden and Norway were still in union
(1814–1905) at the time of Alfred
Nobel’s will.
• Why Nobel wanted the Peace Prize in
particular to be awarded by a
Norwegian committee remains unclear.

18. The gender gap
• The Nobel Prize has been awarded to
57 women between 1901 and 2020.
• 962 prize winners, individuals and organizations.
• One woman, Marie Curie, was honored twice,
receiving the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics and the
1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
• In 1909, Swede Selma Lagerlöf became the first
female literature laureate.

19. The Nobel Prize: The Age Gap
• The youngest Nobel Prize winner to date is Malala
Yousafzai, who was 17 years old when she was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in 2014.
• The oldest prize winner to date is John B. Goodenough, who
was 97 when he was awarded the Prize in Chemistry in 2019.
• Rudyard Kipling is the youngest literature laureate to date.
The Englishman, best known for The Jungle Book, was 41
years old when he was awarded the Literature Prize in 1907.
• The oldest literature laureate is Doris Lessing, who won the
prize in 2007 at the age of 87.

20. The Nobel Prize: The Decliners
• Jean-Paul Sartre, awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in
Literature, declined the award because he had
consistently declined all official honors.
• Lê Ðức Thọ was awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize
jointly with US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger for
negotiating the Vietnam peace agreement.
• Le Duc Tho said he was not in a position to accept the
Nobel Peace Prize, due to the situation in Vietnam.

21. The
Nobel
Prize
in
literature

22. The
cumulative
number
of
Nobel
prizes
per
country

23. The top 10
countries with
Nobel Prize
laureates in
Medicine
1901-1919

24. Nobel
prizes
per
100
million
inhabitants

25. Historical
Nobel
productivity

26. 2020 Winners

27. Nobel Prize
Laureates
2020

28. Medicine

32. The Pathway
to
Noble Science

33. Peter Doherty recounts his unlikely path to
becoming a Nobel Laureate, revealing how
his non conformist upbringing, sense of being
an outsider, and search for a different
perspective have shaped his life and work.
Beginning with his humble origins in
Australia, Doherty shares his early interests
and describes his award-winning, influential
work with Rolf Zinkernagel on T-cells and the
nature of immune defense. He concludes
with tips on how to win a Nobel Prize,
including advice on being persistent,
generous, and culturally aware.

35. Research Team
Types of Research Teams
The
Beginner’s
Guide
to
Nobel
Science

36. Int.
level
Levels of Research
Team
The
Beginner’s
Kit
to
Nobel
Science

37. Types of Research Teams
A •Multidisciplinary
B •Interdisciplinary
C •Transdisciplinary
The
Beginner’s
Kit
to
Nobel
Science

38. Research Needs
Expertise
Skills
Capacity Building
Labs
Projects
Budget
Skills
Communication
Knowledge
Leadership
The
Beginner’s
Kit
to
Nobel
Science

39. Research Outputs
Publication Patents Marketing
Competitiveness Internationalization

40. Research Process
INPUTS: Hypothesis, Labs, skills,
Team work, etc..
OUTPUTS: Expected Results
OUTCOMES: Significance
The
Beginner’s
Guide
to
Nobel
Science

41. Road
Map
for
Planning
for
your
research

42. SCIENCE
Cycle
Now
Gap
Then
5 Ws + H

43. ‫عن‬ ‫العرب‬ ‫علماء‬ ‫غياب‬ ‫أسباب‬
‫نوبل‬ ‫جائزة‬

44. •
‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫في‬ ‫الممولة‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫المشروعات‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلعتماد‬ ‫عدم‬
‫الجي‬ ‫من‬ ‫بحوث‬ ‫بإجراء‬ ‫بها‬ ‫للباحثين‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫المؤسسات‬ ‫وسماح‬
‫ب‬
‫الخاص‬
.
•
‫بالب‬ ‫القيام‬ ‫في‬ ‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫طالب‬ ‫على‬ ‫الكلي‬ ‫شبه‬ ‫اإلعتماد‬
‫حث‬
‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫باحث‬ ‫دور‬ ‫وغياب‬ ‫العلمي‬
.
•
‫بدون‬ ‫بحوث‬ ‫بإجراء‬ ‫لهم‬ ‫والسماح‬ ،‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫طالب‬ ‫منح‬ ‫ندرة‬
‫الم‬ ‫وحسب‬ ‫بالقطعة‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫مما‬ ‫تفرغ‬ ‫وبدون‬ ‫تمويل‬
‫يزانية‬
‫الطالب‬ ‫لدى‬ ‫المتوفرة‬
.
•
‫للباحث‬ ‫واضحة‬ ‫رؤية‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬
(
‫استراتيجية‬ ‫خطة‬
)
‫لمجموعت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫له‬
‫ه‬
‫عل‬ ‫فرضية‬ ‫على‬ ‫مبنية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫األبحاث‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫مما‬ ‫البحثية‬
‫مية‬
.
•
‫أولية‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫على‬ ‫معتمدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫أفكار‬ ‫معظم‬
.
‫مؤسسية‬
‫تحديات‬
(
1
)

45. •
‫غ‬
‫الواحدة‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫للمجموعة‬ ‫الدورية‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫اللقاءات‬ ‫ياب‬
.
•
‫الم‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫المجموعات‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الحقيقي‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫التعاون‬ ‫غياب‬
‫بني‬
‫استراتيجية‬ ‫على‬
.
•
‫الطال‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحكيم‬ ‫لجنة‬ ‫بوجود‬ ‫يسمح‬ ‫ال‬ ‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫نظام‬
‫ب‬
‫البحوث‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫دورية‬ ‫بصفة‬
‫البحث‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫طوال‬
.
•
‫وانشغالهم‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫للبحث‬ ‫الجامعات‬ ‫في‬ ‫الباحثين‬ ‫تفرغ‬ ‫عدم‬
‫عض‬ ‫يجعل‬ ‫مما‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫والجودة‬ ‫الكونتروالت‬ ‫وأعمال‬ ‫بالتدريس‬
‫و‬
‫للبح‬ ‫متفرغ‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الدكتوراة‬ ‫على‬ ‫حصوله‬ ‫منذ‬ ‫التدريس‬ ‫هيئة‬
‫ث‬
‫العليا‬ ‫الدراسات‬ ‫طالب‬ ‫على‬ ‫يعتمد‬ ‫يجعله‬ ‫مما‬ ‫العلمي‬
‫الغير‬
‫بطبعهم‬ ‫متفرغين‬
.
‫مؤسسية‬
‫تحديات‬
(
2
)

46. •
‫غياب‬
‫أو‬ ‫مدرس‬ ‫من‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫في‬ ‫يساعده‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫مدرسة‬
‫أستاذ‬
‫مساعد‬
‫اختياري‬ ‫والتعاون‬ ‫تامة‬ ‫استقاللية‬ ‫هناك‬ ‫بل‬
‫الد‬ ‫لكل‬
‫رجات‬
.
•
‫للع‬ ‫استقطابهم‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫العلمية‬ ‫والمهمات‬ ‫البعثات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العائدين‬ ‫معظم‬
‫في‬ ‫مل‬
‫التدريس‬ ‫مهام‬ ‫في‬ ‫واإلنخراط‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫الجامعات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الدول‬
.
•
‫معظم‬ ‫في‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫في‬ ‫التميز‬ ‫مراكز‬ ‫من‬ ‫كاف‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬
‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫إلجراء‬ ‫األمثل‬ ‫المكان‬ ‫هي‬ ‫والتي‬ ‫الجامعات‬
.
•
‫انتهائها‬ ‫عند‬ ‫تجديدها‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫المشروعات‬ ‫من‬ ‫نوعية‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬
‫للمج‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫استمرارية‬ ‫لضمان‬ ‫بنجاح‬ ‫المخرجات‬ ‫وتحقيق‬
‫موعة‬
‫الباحثين‬ ‫واستقرار‬ ‫البحثية‬
‫المختبرات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫في‬
.
•
‫اهتمام‬ ‫عدم‬
‫معظم‬
‫كأولوية‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫بالبحث‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫الجامعات‬
.
‫مؤسسية‬
‫تحديات‬
(
3
)

47. ‫للبحث‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫خريطة‬
‫نحو‬ ‫العربي‬ ‫العلمي‬
‫نوبل‬ ‫جائزة‬

48. •
‫وخاصة‬ ‫حكومية‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫للمراكز‬ ‫مجمع‬ ‫إنشاء‬
.
•
‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫البعثات‬ ‫من‬ ‫العائدين‬ ‫المتميزين‬ ‫استقطاب‬
‫ا‬
‫لمراكز‬
‫سنوات‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫األقل‬ ‫على‬ ‫العلمي‬ ‫للبحث‬ ‫تماما‬ ‫والتفرغ‬
.
•
‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫بحوث‬ ‫بإجراء‬ ‫السماح‬ ‫عدم‬
‫المراكز‬
‫بدون‬
‫مشروعات‬
‫ممولة‬
.
•
‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫الباحثين‬ ‫بين‬ ‫تعاون‬ ‫إبرام‬
‫المراكز‬
‫ع‬ ‫الحاصلين‬ ‫مع‬
‫لى‬
‫المختلفة‬ ‫الفروع‬ ‫في‬ ‫نوبل‬ ‫جوائز‬
.
•
‫وتعيي‬ ً‫ا‬‫حديث‬ ‫الدولة‬ ‫جوائز‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحاصلين‬ ‫من‬ ‫اإلستفادة‬
‫نهم‬
‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫كرسي‬ ‫كأستاذ‬
‫المراكز‬
‫علمية‬ ‫مدارس‬ ‫لتكوين‬
‫قوية‬
.
‫طريق‬
‫خريطة‬

49. •
‫عل‬ ‫نجاحات‬ ‫حققوا‬ ‫والذين‬ ،‫بالخارج‬ ‫العرب‬ ‫األساتذة‬ ‫استقطاب‬
‫مية‬
‫األعلى‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫من‬ ‫متميزة‬ ‫جامعات‬ ‫وفي‬ ‫قياسها‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫متميزة‬
٢٠٠
‫ك‬ ‫األقل‬ ‫على‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مقيم‬ ‫كأستاذ‬ ،‫للجامعات‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫التصنيف‬ ‫في‬
‫أستاذ‬
‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫زائر‬
‫المراكز‬
.
•
‫األعلى‬ ‫البحثية‬ ‫الهيئات‬ ‫من‬ ‫أجانب‬ ‫أساتذة‬ ‫استقطاب‬
٢٠٠
‫في‬
‫هذه‬ ‫في‬ ‫زائر‬ ‫كأستاذ‬ ‫للعمل‬ ،‫للجامعات‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫التصنيف‬
‫المرا‬
‫كز‬
.
•
‫هذه‬ ‫إدخال‬
‫المراكز‬
‫البعثات‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫في‬
.
•
‫الحاصلين‬ ‫وخاصة‬ ‫المتميزين‬ ‫األساتذة‬ ‫لدعوة‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫تدشين‬
‫على‬
‫هذه‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫محاضرات‬ ‫إللقاء‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫دولية‬ ‫جوائز‬
‫المراكز‬
.
•
‫ابتعاث‬
‫نسبة‬
‫جوائ‬ ‫على‬ ‫حاصلين‬ ‫أساتذة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المبعوثين‬ ‫من‬
‫نوبل‬ ‫ز‬
.
‫طريق‬
‫خريطة‬

50. ‫نصائح‬
‫الباحثين‬ ‫لشباب‬

52. Research
Phases • K12 Students
• Undergraduate student
• Graduate student
• Postgraduate student
• Postdoctoral fellow
• Professor

53. Research
Phases • Research Student
• Research assistant
(Technician)
• Researcher
• Scientist
• Outstanding scientist
• Nobel laureates

54. YOUR
OWN
PLAN What do you
need to have
if you want to
start?

56. Research
Needs 1. Continuous Intellectual skills
2. Advanced Technical skills
3. Accumulative Experience
4. Distinguished Supervisor
5. State-of-art Laboratory
6. Funded Budget

57. 10 Points which
are a must to
have by a
RESEARCHER

58. 1

59. 2

60. 3

61. 4

62. 5

63. 6

64. 7

65. 8

66. 9

67. 10

78. E-mail:
mohamedlabibsalem@yahoo.com
Tel. 01274272624
‫الع‬ ‫للمجتمع‬ ‫تمنياتي‬ ‫مع‬
‫لمي‬
‫وت‬ ‫توفيق‬ ‫بكل‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫في‬
‫قدم‬
‫ا‬
.
‫د‬
.
‫سالم‬ ‫لبيب‬ ‫محمد‬
‫المناعة‬ ‫علم‬ ‫أستاذ‬
‫العلوم‬ ‫كلية‬
-
‫طنطا‬ ‫جامعة‬