in this presentation we have worked in the theme of bio MEMS in the midical staffs specially in bionic eye
this technologie help blind peopls to get there vision back
thanks to Pr.brandly in 1960 how invented the first device which colled bionic eye
1. 1
Academic year 2016/2017
Republic of Tunisia
University of Sousse
Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and
Technology
BIO MEMS technology and application :
Bionic eye
Elaborated by : El –AGUECH Mohamed Amin
TALBI Malek
Supervised by: Dr. GUEDRI Lamia
3. 3
Develop technology to be effective for
visual disabilities: BIONIC-EYE
Blindness:40million
Low
vision:128million
Normal vision
Common goal
[1]
4. 4
Motivation :
Huge revolution in the field of
medicine: Hope for the blind
Replaces functionality for a part or the
whole eye
Chips specifically designed to imitate
retina characteristics
What Is a Bionic Eye?
The first prototype : Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex
6. 6
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP):
Progressive degeneration of the rod photoreceptor cells in
the retina.
Hereditary Genetic Disease
Peripheral Rods degenerate
Gradually progresses towards
center of eye
Tunnel vision results
8. 8
Age related macular degeneration(AMD):
Genetically Related
Cones in the macula region degenerate
Loss of central vision
Peripheral Retina spared
Common among old people
11. 11
Experimental visual device restore functional vision
rectifies RP and AMD to an extent
Two of retinal prosthesis :
Epiretinal implantaion :ARGUS II
device
Subritinal implantaion : Alpha
IMS device
12. 12
ARGUS II : [2]
The first approved device in clinical trials : USA and Europe.
Components : 3 external components and 3 internal components.
Micro -Camera
Visual Processing Unit: VPU
Wireless
transmitter
Electronics case
Wriless antenna
Multi-electrode array (60electrodes)
With this system working with a camera, the patient has to turn
the whole head and not just the eyes to look around.
13. 13
Who is eligible ?
Age 25 or older
Bare light or no light perception in
both eyes
Being able to receive the
recommended post-implant
clinical follow-up, device fitting,
and visual rehabilitation .
14. 14
Alpha IMS device : [3]
Alpha-IMS has been involved in clinical trials in Europe and Hong Kong.
It does not depend on an external camera but a totally implantable
structure
CMOS chip
(1500 electrodes )
Foil substrate Power supply cable
Return electrode
Ceramic housing
15. 15
Eligibility ? Same Criteria as the Argus II device.
Number of micro electrodes:1500
16 electrodes
+200electrodes +1000 electrodes
17. 17
•9 females
•21 males
Number of
patients
•58
•+- 10
Main age
• 35,2
• +-11,5
Years since
diagnosis the
problems
Argus II statistics :
18. 18
Tests :
Orientation and Mobility:
Finding the door
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
after 3
manths
after 6
manths
success faile Colonne1Room with walls of uniform color Failur
Success
19. 19
After 5 years:
60% of patients (18/30) had experienced no device- or
surgery-related SAEs*
Only 1 patient had a SAE after the 3rd year of
implantation
1 case of retinal detachment was noticed after 4,5 years
One patient died at 6 years after implantation of natural
causes unrelated to the Argus II.
*SAE : Serious Adverse Event
20. 20
• 13 females
• 16 males
Number of
patients
• 58
• +- 8,2
Main age
• 35,2
• +-11,5
Years since
diagnosis the
problems
Alpha IMS statistic :
21. 21
Test :
Ability to see objects and shapes
Reading letters and words
ability to read newspaper
headlines.
patients could see light, doors,
and windows
could detect whether a light was
on or off
patients did not respond to
implantation
Test’s results :
23. 23
LimitsAdvantages
The technology may enable
people to recognize faces
and facial expressions.
Water-proof and corrosion- proof
: The chip is enclosed in a titanium casing
Expected Durability : 10 years
The unfortunate people who were
born blind do not have the
neurological capability to process
the data received via the wire.
The optic nerve must be at
least partly functional or else
the data will not be fully
processed.
25. 25
The results provide proof of principle that a subretinal (IMS)
and epritinal (Argus) implant can restore reliably measurable
visual function.
Now Bionic devices are developing to do more than
replacing defective parts.
26. 26
Providing power to run bionic implants and
making connections to the brain's control system
pose the two great challenges for biomedical
engineering.
We are now looking at devices like bionic arms,
tongues, noses etc.
28. 28
[1] Brig A Banarji , Col VS Gurunadh, Col S Patyal , Col TS Ahluwalia, Maj Gen DP
Vats, SM, VSM, Col M Bhadauria : Visual Prosthesis : Artificial Vision
[2]Tai-Chi Lin, Hua-Ming Chang , Chih-Chien Hsu , Kuo-Hsuan Hung , Yan-Ting
Chen , Szu-Yu Chen , Shih-Jen Chen : Retinal prostheses in degenerative retinal
diseases , Journal of the Chinese Medical Association (2015)
[3]Katarina Stingl , Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt , Dorothea Besch , Caroline K.
Chee , Charles L. Cottriall , Florian Gekeler a , Markus Groppe , Timothy L.
Jackson , Robert E. MacLaren , Assen Koitschev , Akos Kusnyerik , James
Neffendorf , Janos Nemeth , Mohamed Adheem Naser Naeem , Tobias
Peters h , James D. Ramsden l , Helmut Sachs , Andrew Simpson , Mandeep
S. Singh , Barbara Wilhelm , David Wong , Eberhart Zrenner(2015) .
Subretinal Visual Implant Alpha IMS. Vision Research
Editor's Notes
40 million people suffering from blindness worldwide and another 124 million affected by low vision.
* scientists have one common goal: to develop technology that's as effective for visual disabilities.
The first prototype of a device was conceived by Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex
* scientists have one common goal: to develop technology that's as effective for visual disabilities.
The first prototype of a device was conceived by Brindley in 1960s who improvised a device on the cerebral cortex
Bionic Eye is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial or total blindness.
It rectifies Retinitis pigmentosa and Macular degeneration to an extent
Argus II is the first approved device in clinical trials in both the USA and Europe.
the Argus® II Retinal Prosthesis System employs 3 external components and 3 internal components.
The 3 external components are:
* Micro Camera for real-time image capture
A wireless transmitter of the processed data from the VPU and electrical power to the internal components using radiofrequency (RF) telemetry
* A portable computer (the Visual Processing Unit: VPU) for processing of the captured scenes and translation into electrical stimulating parameters conveying spatial-temporal information.
And the components of the implanted system are :
* Electronics case : Specific-Integrated-Circuit (ASIC) for generating appropriate electrical pulses
*A wireless antenna of RF telemetry, it converts radio waves back to electrical signals to recover both data and electrical power.
*Multi-electrode array : consisting of 60 platinum electrodes
The Argus II is eligibil for who meet the following criteria :
* Adults, age 25 years or older
*Have bare light or no light perception in both eyes: Bare light perception is the ability to perceive light, but not the direction from which the light is coming.
*Be aphakic or pseudophakic:
o Aphakic means that the eye is lacking its natural lens.
o Pseudophakic means that the eye has been fitted with an artificial lens implant to replace the missing or surgically removed natural lens.
*Be willing and able to receive the recommended post-implant clinical follow-up, device fitting, and visual rehabilitation
Alpha-IMS has been involved in clinical trials in Europe and Hong Kong.
Unlike the Argus II , it does not depend on an external camera.
There is a big advantage
Thanks to the greate number of microelectrodes in the CMOS chip there is a big improvement in the quality of vision
Between 2007 2009
The first test(figure9) is finding the door room after placing the patient in the center and then if he touched the door we consider it as a "successful" test.
One-quarter of patients achieved the ability to read newspaper headlines. Another quarter of patients could see light, doors, and windows when they entered a room. A quarter of patients could detect whether a light was on or off and locate the light source. One quarter of patients did not respond to implantation.