51/5000 In this file, the prosthetic retina of the eye are discussed.

1. BIONIC EYE
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Provided By
Mehrdad Izadi
April 2015
Gmail:Izadimehrdad4@gmail.com

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IN THE NAME OF GOD THE
MERCIFUL

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Outline
Eye Anatomy
Two Approaches Prosthetic Eye
Prosthetic & Orthotic

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Orthotic

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Prosthetic

7. Eye Anatomy
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Iris

9. Retina
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Video About Retina

12. Macula & fovea
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Video About Macula & fovea

14. History, an Unmet Demand, and State of
the Art
Our fascination with building a
bionic human mirrors the
technological advances that
ubiquitously characterize the
modern era.
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Cochlear Implant

16. According to the World Health
Organization, there are 314 million
visually impaired
individuals worldwide (2009).
While an astonishingly large number, it is
worthy to note that that only a minority of
individuals (approximately 45 million)
areactually considered profoundly blind and
have some degree of residual visual function.
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17. As presently conceived, visual
prosthetic devices have been
designed for individuals with
profound vision loss and who
have had normal visual
development (as opposed to
congenital causes of
blindness).
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Furthermore, as these devices are designed to
interface with viable neuronal tissue, the site of
damage and nature of pathology will largely dictate
whether a prosthetic device can be feasibly
implemented.

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What Is Optical Coherence Tomography?
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-
invasive imaging test that uses light waves to
take cross-section pictures of your retina, the
light-sensitive tissue lining the back of the eye.

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With OCT, each of the retina’s distinctive layers can be
seen, allowing your ophthalmologist (Eye M.D.) to map
and measure their thickness. These measurements
help with early detection, diagnosis and treatment
guidance for retinal diseases and conditions, including
age-related macular degeneration and, diabetic eye
disease, among others.

22. uses infrared light frequencies, Prepare of cross-
sectional images of the retina layers with thickness
provided it is used.
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23. Retinal layers with high resolution reveals
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Measure the structure of Retina

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Video About OCT

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Summary diagram illustrating various neuroprosthesis
approaches to restore vision.

27. Vision Rehabilitation Center, The Massachusetts
Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School,
Boston MA, USA.
While a variety of approaches and designs are being
pursued, they all share a common principle of creating
visual percepts through the stimulation of visual neural
elements using appropriate patterns of electrical
stimulation.
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Amongst the biggest challenges of prosthetic
vision is the puzzle of the neural code for
perception.

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AMD & RP
Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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Retinitis pigmentosa

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Bipolar and Ganglion

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What Is an Electrode?
Suction electrodes

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microelectrode

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Two retinal-based approaches are
being pursued that are largely
differentiated by their location of
implantation with respect to the retina.

36. 1.Epi- retinal
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37. 1.Doesn't occlude the choroidal
vasculature.
2. Opthalmoscopically monitored.
1.Unstable positioning.
2. Stimulates the RGC cell
bodies and passing axons of
Periphery.
Disadvantages
Advantages
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38. 2.Sub-retinal
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39. Advantages
1.Lower stimulation thresholds
2.Uses natural signal Processing.
Disadvantages
1.Rigid structures.
2. Occludes the vasculature.
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41. Conclusion
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The loss of sight can have a devastatingly negative
impact on the quality of life of an individual. The goal
of restoring functional vision to blind, while certainly
valiant, still faces formidable challenges before it will
ever become a tractable reality. However, there
aregrounds to be cautiously optimistic and there is
every reason to believe we are on the path to achieve
this goal. It is also important to realize that the
rehabilitation of the blind is a very complex problem,
requiring extraordinarily diverse, lengthy and intimate
collaborations among basic scientists, engineers,
clinicians, educators and rehabilitative experts.

42. References
www.eye-chip.com
www.bostonretialimplant.org
www.eyesight.org
Guyton physiology special senses
Richard S. Clinical anatomy of the eye. Snell Chapter 7
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