1. paring Changes in the Calf Muscle du
-bearing and Non-weight-bearing Str
Kasuyama T., Sakamoto M. and
Kato K.
J. Phys. Ther. Sci. (2011), 23:
395-399
4
3. Ankle joint
dorsiflexion
Functional
activities
Sportin
Rising g
Stair
Gait from a activitie
climbing
chair s
Schenkman et. al., 1990; Protopapadaki et.al.,2007
4. Achil
patel
les
la plant
tend
tend ar
on
on fascii
disor
disor tis
der
der
Ankle
ankl joint seve
e dorsiflexi ral
sprai on over
n use
Calf Soft
muscle defor tissue
tightnes mity
contract
s Noronha et.al.,2006; Malliaras et.al.,2006; Machieu et.al.,2006;
De ure
Riddle et.al.,2003;Kaufman et.al.,1999; Burns et.al.,2005; DiGiovanni et.al.,2007
5. calf muscle stretching
- rehabilitation programs
- sports activities
Static or slow stretching methods
- injury prevention
- performance by increasing the ankle
joint dorsiflexion.
Lardner et.al.,2001; Ingraham et.al.,2003
6. The development of imaging techniqu
Ultrasonographynoninvasive method
allows the determination of
the architecture of the muscle
tendon unit in humans
Many recent studies
muscle fascicle and tendon tissue behavior durin
stretching using electromyography and ultra
Magnusson et.al.,2001; Kay et.al.,2009; Pope et.al.,1998;
Johanson et.al.,2006; Ryam et.al.,2010; Abellaneda et.al.,2009
7. weight-bearing stretching
clinical practice
because the amount of resistance must be m
and joints other than the ankle joint must re
during image acquisition.
Yamaguchi et.al.,2009
8. report
studie
s
ankle calf
joint muscle
dorsiflexi stretchin
on g
non- non-
weight- weight-
weight- weight-
bearing bearing
bearing bearing
position position
position position
Yamaguchi et.al.,2009
9. calf muscle
stretching
non-
weight-
weight-
bearing
bearing
position
position
11. Inclusion criteria (15 subjects)
10males, 5 females; mean age
27.4 5.4 years
• Healthy volunteers
1
• No previous history of
trauma to the calf muscle
2 that required surgery
• No evidence of lower
extremity dysfunction by
3 visual observation of gait
19. muscle fascicle le
total length =
LV + L E
LV = measured visible fasci
LE = estimated fascicle len
h = the height
θ= the pennation LE = h/sinθ
angle
20. 2
Achilles tendon
B-mode with a linear-
array probe
soleus-Achilles muscle tendon jun
21. Achilles tendon
Adobe
Photoshop
CS3
panora
ultrasou
mic
nd video
image
data
22. ImageJ
muscle fascicle length, MG muscle pennation a
and the Achilles tendon length
pre- and post-stretching position
scan was obtained 3 times
All data are reported as mean (SD).
23. program
A two-way ANOVA
• weight-bearing position and
nonweight-bearing position
paired t-test
• pre and
post SPSS
version 16.0
28. calf muscle
stretching
weight- non-weight-
bearing bearing
position position
MG muscle Achilles
fascicle length tendon length
pennation
29. Monte et al.
pennation angle decreased from 30.1 to
19.3 , and the fascicle length increased
from 41.1 to 62.6 mm, whereas muscle
thickness stayed approximately constant
over an ankle dorsiflexion range of 113
Another study
to 80
fascicle length increased monotonically as
the ankle dorsiflexed and the pennation
angle ranged from 41 to 17 , and
decreased monotonically as the ankle
moved from Monte et.al.,2006; Gao et.al.,2009;
30. In this studymeasured the Achilles tendon le
Zhao’s method
These methods estimated the length of
the Achilles tendon from the movement
of the MTU or the aponeurosis.
Panoramic image method
This method is thoughtto be reliable for
measuring the change in the length of
Achilles tendon. Zhao et.al.,2009;
31. Millington et al.
kle dorsiflexion in a weight-bearing posit
Neck of talus impingement
effect of lengthening of the MG muscle
and elongation of the Achilles tendon
due to the limitation of osseous
impingement. Millington et.al.,2007
32. Muscle activity
weight–
stretching
Calf muscle activity
weight-bearing position
non-weight-bearing
muscles cannot relax
In a state of muscle strain,
sufficient lengthening of the
calf muscle is not obtained
33. length of the Achilles tendon
The range of ankle dorsi
mean of 12 degrees of dorsiflexion
for each centimeter in Achilles
tendon length
In this study
both positions
elongating the Achilles tendon and
lengthening the muscle fascicle
increased the range of ankle dorsifle
Costa et.al.,2006
34. In this study range of ankle dorsiflexion
The
was not measured.
It is difficult to measure it similarly in
a weight-bearing
position and non-weight-bearing
position because
In future
the kinematics of the tarsal bone
It will be necessary to combine the
differs.
measuring methods and to investigate
the relationship between the length of
the calf MTU and the range of ankle
dorsiflexion.
The sample size in the current study
35. calf muscle
stretching
non-weight- weight-
bearing bearing
position position
MG muscle Achilles
fascicle length tendon length
