2.
POLICE FORCE, OF SOME FORM OR THE OTHER,
HAS ALWAYS BEEN PRESENT IN ALL CIVILISED
SOCIETIES FROM TIMES IMMEMORIAL.
IN INDIA, ALSO, THE POLICE ORGANISATION IN
VARIOUS FORMS DATES BACK TO VERY ANCIENT
TIMES.
INTRODUCTION
3.
‘POLICE’ FROM GREEK ‘POLITEIA’
OR ITS LATIN EQUIVALENT ‘POLITIA’
‘POLITIA’ STANDS FOR THE ‘STATE’ OR ‘ADMINISTRATION’
ORIGINALLY ‘POLICE’ WAS USED IN A WIDER SENSE TO CONNOTE THE
MANAGEMENT OF INTERNAL ECONOMY & THE ENFORCEMENT OF
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS IN A PARTICULAR COUNTRY.
IN THE PRESENT CONTEXT “POLICE” CONNOTES A BODY OF CIVIL SERVANTS
WHOSE PRIMARY DUTIES ARE PRESERVATION OF ORDER, PREVENTION &
DETECTION OF CRIMES & ENFORCEMENT OF LAW.
ORIGIN OF “POLICE”
4.
POLICING IN ANCIENT TIMES – MAURYA
AND GUPTA DYNASTIES – CRIME
PREVENTION, CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE;
EVOLUTION OF POLICE
5.
KAUTILYA:
CIVILIAN DEPARTMENTS ENTRUSTED
WITH POLICE POWERS;
A CADRE OF REGULAR POLICE OFFICERS.
MURYA & GUPTA
6.
THE CADRE OF REGULAR POLICE OFFICERS COMPREHENDED RURAL &
URBAN BRANCHES WHICH FUNCTIONED ON SIMILAR LINES.
THE HARD-CORE WAS COMPOSED OF A THREE-TIER SYSTEM BY:
PRADESTA: FOR RURAL AREAS: AT THE TOP
NAGARAKA: FOR URBAN AREAS: AT THE TOP
STHANIKAS: FOR RURAL & URBAN: IN THE MIDDLE
GOPAS (URBAN): AT THE BOTTOM
MURYA & GUPTA
7.
THANAS & THANEDARS WERE CREATED;
KOTWALS & FOUZDARS PERFORMED POLICE & MILITARY
FUNCTIONS;
AREA OF THANA: 20 SQUARE MILES IN RURAL AREA;
THANEDARS WERE ASSISTED BY ARMED PERSONNEL;
THANEDARS HAD IMMENSE POWERS
KOTWAL WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PEACE-KEEPING IN TOWN AREA
MUGHUL PERIOD
8.
SHER SHAH APPOINTED FOUZDAR;
FOUZDAR WAS THE CHIEF MILITARY & POLICE OFFICER OF AN AREA KNOWN AS “SARKAR”;
SARKAR : SOME PARGANAS
PARGANA: SOME TALUKS
TALUK: SOME VILLAGES
VILLAGE HEADMAN WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PEACE-KEEPING
KOTWAL: CHIEF POLICE OFFICER OF A TOWN
KOTWAL WAS ASSISTED BY NAIBS & PIYADAS;
KOTWAL COULD GIVE JUDGEMENT & PUNISH CRIMINALS;
QUAZI OF DISTRICT COULD HEAR APPEALS ON JUDGEMENT
MUGHUL PERIOD
9.
KOTWAL WAS TO:
RAISE & MAINTAIN A POLICE FORCE;
REGULATE NIGHT PATROLLING;
MAINTAIN SURVEILLANCE OVER VISITORS, SPIES & MIGRANTS;
ARREST CRIMINAL;
KEEP THE PRISON;
ELIMINATE PROSTITUTION & CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES
[AIN-I-AKBARI]
MUGHUL PERIOD
10.
• EARLY DAYS OF EAST INDIA COMPANY,
ZAMINDERS EXERCISED POLICE OFFICERS &
ADMINSTERED JUSTICE OVER LOCAL PEOPLE
• THANEDARS WERE CONTROLLED BY LOCAL
ZAMINDERS;
• TOWARDS LATE 18TH
CENTURY THANEDARS WERE
MADE RESPONSIBLE TO COLLECTOR AS
MAGISTRATE
EVOLUTION OF POLICE
11.
Functions of police – Maintain public
peace, Internal security and crime
control;
Policing – Responsibility of Zamindars
Dewani and Fouzdari adalats – Civil and
Criminal Courts established during
company rule –1772;
Significant Police Reforms under lord
Cornwallis(regulation xxii – 1793); The
terms continued;
EVOLUTION OF POLICE
12.
Regulation X of 1808:
Creation of SP for Calcutta, Murshidabad &
Dhaka;
SP was in charge of Magistracy
Duties of Darogas & other police officers
were re-arranged
EVOLUTION OF POLICE
13.
In 1829, abolution of SP office;
Div Commissioners or Commissioners of
Revenue & Circuit;
Magisterial Power Transferred to the
Collector
In 1837, the Position of SP Revived
In 1854, the post of SP Abolished again
EVOLUTION OF POLICE
14.
1857 – First war of Independence, Political and
social unrest, Law and order situation and crime;
The Police act – The basis of powers and
functions of police till today.
Police Commission of 1860 – The Police Act (act
V) of 1861 and organized police in the country;
EVOLUTION OF POLICE
15.
THE COMMISSION WAS APPOINTED ON THE 17TH
AUGUST 1860
WITH THREE TOR:
TO PROPOSE A NEW SYSTEM OF POLICE APPLICABLE TO INDIA
WHEREBY ECONOMY & EFFICIENCY MIGHT BE SECURED;
TO PREPARE FOR PUBLICATION ALL AVAILABLE INFORMATION
REGARDING THE BEST SYSTEM OF POLICE ORGANISATION;
TO COLLATE THE MOST COMPLETE & COMPREHENSIVE
STATISTICS OBTAINABLE, REGARDING THE COST &
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POLICE OF ALL KINDS THROUGHOUT
INDIA.
THE COMMISSION OF 1860
16.
SP (A EUROPEAN) IN DISTRICT
ASP (EUROPEAN) IN LARGE DISTRICTS
SUBORDINATE POLICE OFFICERS
INSPECTOR
HEAD CONSTABLE
SERGEANTS SUBORDINATE HC
CONSTABLES DIVIDED INTO THREE GRADES OF PAY
CREATION OF SUBDIVISION
HC TO BE THE OC OF POLICE STATION
FREE ACCOMMODATION
SUITABLE BUT INEXPENSIVE UNIFORM UPTO THE RANK BELOW INSPECTOR
VILLAGE POLICE
THE COMMISSION OF 1860
17.
THE FORMULATION OF THE POLICE ACT, 1861;
REORGANISATION OF POLICE
ONE POLICE IN EVERY PROVINCE
POLICE: RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVT.
INSPECTOR GENERAL, IN CHARGE OF POLICE
DIG, AIG, SP, ASP & POLICE DISTRICT
DUTIES, POWERS, RESPONSIBILITIES SPECIFIED
INPECTOR GENERAL’S MAGISTRACY & RULE MAKING POWER
FORMULATION OF PRB
POLICE AFTER 1861
18.
A European service to be recruited entirely in England;
Aprovincial service to be recruited entirely in India;
All large provinces to be divided into Police Ranges & DIG as its head;
Every district HQ to have an Armed Police Reserve under a European
inspector;
Each province was to have a CID under a DIG who is also in charge of
the Railway Police;
The responsibility of DM for criminal administration of the district
should preserved but this should be in the nature of general control &
direction, not a constant & detailed intervention;
Div commissioner should not interfere directly in the details of police
administration & his responsibility should be limited to supervising &
advising DM.
THE COMMISSION OF 1902-03
19.
Creation of police range
Reorganisation of CID: 1904
Establishment of Police Training Centre
Formation of separate railway police force & DIG, CID as its chief
Creation of Sub-inspector post as substitute for Darogas, Thanedars &
Kotwals
Creation of circle with 150 square miles area & SI as its head
In 1907 imperial police was raised; creation of DSP post in the same year;
Appointment of European to IP & native to DSP;
Traffic police in plain dress introduced in 1904
POLICE AFTER 1903
20.
POLICE MAN’S BIBLE PRB: 1915
REVISION OF PRB: 1927
LATEST EDITION : 1943
INSPECTION MANUAL: 1926
POLICE TRAINING MANUAL 1936
IN 1921 IP WAS OPEN FOR INDIAN & EXAM HELD IN ENGLAND
& INDIA
POLICE OFFICERS (DISSATISFACTION INCITEMENT) ACT, 1922
POLICE AFTER 1903
21.
AFTER PARTITION IN 1947 THE POLICE IN THE
THEN EAST PAKISTAN WAS FIRST NAMED AS
EAST BENGAL POLICE & IT CONTINUED ITS
FUNCTION AS A PROVINCIAL POLICE FORCE;
CREATION OF PSP; CENTRAL SERVICE-
CENTRALY RECRUITED
DSP PROVINCIALLY APPOINTED
POLICE DURING PAKISTAN PERIOD
22.
FIRST POLICE REVOLT: 13 JULY 1948
CREATION OF SEPARATE SPECIAL BRANCH
DEARTH OF PERSONNEL
LACK OF FACILITIES;
PROBLEM OF SMUGGLING
BORDER PROBLEM
REFUGEE INFLUX
LOW PAY STRUCTURE
POLICE DURING PAKISTAN PERIOD
23.
FORMATION OF COMMITTEE: 1949
JUSTICE M SHAHABUDDIN: PRESIDENT
N M KHAN- COMMISSIONER, CTG: MEMBER
ZAKIR HOSSAIN- IG, E. BENGAL POLICE: MEMBER
H TORAB ALI- DS, FINANCE MINISTRY: MEMBER
KHAN BAHADUR ANSAR ALI, DS, HOME: MEMBER
HAZI HABIBUR RAHMAN, PP, BOGRA: MEMBER
TERMS OF REFERENCE : 6
RESIGNATION OF GOVERNOR SIR FREDERICK BORNEO: MARCH 1950
SUBMISSION OF REPORT: 1953
NO RECOMMENDATIONS WERE IMPLEMENTED
THE FIRST POLICE COMMITTEE
24.
SECOND POLICE REVOLT: 21 NOVEMBER 1955
FORMATION OF ANOTHER COMMITTEE : 1955
HATCH BARNWELL: PRESIDENT
SUBMISSION OF REPORT: 1956
NO RECOMMENDATION WAS KNOWN TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
A CIVIL POLICE FORCE (EPR) WAS FORMED
IN 1958
SECOND POLICE COMMITTEE
25.
FORMATION OF COMMISSION: 1959
JUSTICE BG CONSTANTINE: CHAIRMAN
SUBMISSION OF REPORT: 1961
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS WERE TAKEN IN
CONSIDERATION
POLICE COMMISSION 1960-61
26.
FORMATION OF COMMITTEE: 1969
CHAIRMAN: MAJOR GENERAL MITHA KHAN
RESULT NOT KNOWN
POLICE COMMITTEE OF 1969
27.
Total no of police: 33995 25/3/71
EPR, PRP & SAF: 23606
Ordinary reserve: 10389
IG: Taslim Uddin Ahmed before crackdown
Mozaffor Ahmed Chowdhury made IG after the
crackdown
15000 officers were appointed in mid-71
5000 police officers were transferred to East Pakistan
from the west side
POLICE IN LIBERATION WAR
28.
Mamun Mahamud, DIG Rajshahi Range: 31 march
1971
Shah Abdul Majid, SP Rajshahi : 31 March 1971
S Shamsul Huq, SP Chittagong
Kabir Uddin Ahmed, SP Comilla
Fayezur Rahman, SDPO Pirojpur
1262 Police officers of different ranks were to be
killed
MARTYRED POLICE OFFICER
OF LIBERATION WAR
29.
Acute dearth/scarcity of manpower;
Rapid promotion;
Huge number of recruitment;
Quality was not prime consideration in recruitment;
Shortened training;
Lack of logistic support;
Deterioration of Law & Order;
Contd….
POLICE 1971-75
30.
Huge illegal arms;
Rise of terrorist groups;
Departmental and judicial punitive measures were introduced for
police officers;
Police was organized as force rather than a service organization
POLICE 1971-75
31.
Raising of DMP in February 1976
Raising of DMP in June 1978
Induction of retired army officers
Sp becomes independent of DC/DM
Raising of Armed Police Battalions in 1976
Formulation of new disciplinary rules for subordinate Officers: Police
officers (spl. provision) ordinance 1976
ASP in stead of DSP
Female police was introduced in DMP in 1978
Formation of Police Training Committee, 1977
POLICE 1976-83
32.
Reorganisation of police administration
Police cadre in stead of enforcement cadre
Abolution of SD & SDPO:1984
Inspector becomes Oc:1984
ASP becomes circle asp:1984
19 Police districts were re-organised to 64
Formulation of dress rule of 1985
Raising of KMP in 1986
Committee on Reorganisation & Modernisation of Bangladesh
Police, 1986
The Police Commission of Bangladesh Police, 1988
Raising of RMP in July 1992
POLICE 1984-2001
33.
Creation of post of additional DIG
Removal of retired army officer from
Police:1999
Participation in UN Mission: 1989
Barisal Police Range was established in
1994
Sylhet Police Range was raised in 1995
POLICE 1984-2001
34.
1. Mass compulsory retirement
2. Rapid promotion
3. Change of dress
4. Formulation of Dress Rule 2002
5. Alteration of Monogram
6. Raising of RAT then RAB
7. Formation of Highway Police
8. Sending Formed Police Unit
POLICE 2002-ONWARD
35.
A drafting committee was formed to review the Police Act
1861 on 2007.
The honorable member of drafting committee :-