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Margaret Lewis
             Rosemont College
Master’s in Management Thesis
               December 2012
As a result of higher costs, personnel reductions,
improvements in software, and the general need for
search and increased institutional visibility, osteopathic
colleges are implementing subject and consortial
repositories in an effort to enhance student enrollment.
(Goal is to add to primary care and research through
sharing information.)




                             M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                   Repositories and Students    2
   Current status of osteopathic colleges
   College libraries
   Definition and use of repositories
   Literature review
   Methodology
   Results
   Conclusions about repositories at colleges
   Improvements mentioned in surveys
   Management issues



                               M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                     Repositories and Students    3
   Low graduation and placement rates
   Soaring tuition costs
   Shrinking endowments
   Student debt at medical schools
   Minority and female enrollment is down
   There are cost disincentives to practice primary care and
    family medicine due to student debt




                                                                  (Hazen, 2011, 196)

                               M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                     Repositories and Students                         4
300,000

250,000

200,000

150,000                                                        25% Graduates

100,000                                                        10% Graduates

 50,000

     0

          Medical School Graduates

                                                             (Greysen, et.al, 2011, 840)

                          M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                Repositories and Students                                  5
70%

60%

50%

40%
                                                     Allopathy
30%
                                                     Osteopathy
20%

10%

0%

      Year 2011      Year 2016

                                       (Schenarts, et.al, 2011, 239)
                  M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                        Repositories and Students                      6
300%

250%

200%

150%                                               Serials
                                                   CPI
100%

50%

 0%

       Year 1                Year 18


                M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                      Repositories and Students              7
Repository
12

10

8

6
                                                                         Repository
4

2

0

     Net Economic Value     Return on Investment

                                                                  (Beagrie, et.al, 2012, 50)
                               M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                     Repositories and Students                                 8
   The general public is flocking to the Internet in search of
    “education, inspiration, invention, and interaction”
   Institutions are not leading the way to building repositories
   Repositories are pushing against academics and imposing conditions to
    attract content
   Can’t help with navigating large amounts of data
   Must be combined with national (research) and subject repositories for
    better searching
   Only the largest universities have the requisite number of depositors (for
    example, MIT)
   IRs are dependent on the resources of the institution, and may be unstable
   Two international repository registries show little current deposit activity
                                                                              (Armbruster, 2010, 3)
                                                                                 (Calise, 2008, 611)
                                                                            (Jones, et.al, 2006, 18)

                                         M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                               Repositories and Students                               9
M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
      Repositories and Students    10
M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
      Repositories and Students    11
   Internet searching with keywords
   Five different surveys through email to the colleges, and
    posted on LinkedIn, a form of social media




                                M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                      Repositories and Students    12
   Searching on Google and college websites:
    ◦ Six colleges with subject repositories (18%)
    ◦ Five have consortial repositories (15%)
    ◦ Five have institutional repositories (15%) versus seven in surveys




                                     M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                           Repositories and Students       13
90%


80%


70%


60%

                                                                           Institutional
50%
                                                                           Archival

40%                                                                        Discipline

                                                                           Subject
30%                                                                        Consortial


20%


10%


0%

      Library directors   Deans      MLA members             ALA members




                                  M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                        Repositories and Students                          14
7


6


5


4
                                                                          Added to research

                                                                          Added to studies
3
                                                                          Found research

                                                                          Found faculty members
2


1


0

    Strongly agree   Agree   Neutral          Disagree        Strongly
                                                              disagree



                                       M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                             Repositories and Students                            15
9


8


7


6


5                                                                        Added to research

                                                                         Added to studies
4
                                                                         Found research
3
                                                                         Found faculty members

2


1


0

    Strongly agree   Agree   Neutal       Disagree         Strongly
                                                           disagree




                                      M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                            Repositories and Students                            16
25




20




15
                                                                           Added to research

                                                                           Added to studies
10                                                                         Found research

                                                                           Found faculty members


 5




 0

     Strongly agree   Agree   Neutral       Disagree         Strongly
                                                             disagree




                                        M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                              Repositories and Students                            17
80%


70%


60%


50%

                                                                                 Strongly agree
40%
                                                                                 Agree

30%                                                                              Neutral



20%


10%


0%

      Library directors   Deans   Students      MLA members        ALA members




                                        M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                              Repositories and Students                           18
   Half to 75% surveyed have IRs, a few have subject or
    consortial repositories
   Ease of searching was neutral, through the library, and
    not through Google
   Academics benefited; half of the respondents believed
    marketing benefited; enrollment benefits negligible
   Half of respondents are in planning stages, and half of
    the library directors planning an IR
   Half are contemplating changing or upgrading




                               M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                     Repositories and Students    19
7



6



5
                                                                             More research material

                                                                             More full-text material
4
                                                                             More archival material

                                                                             Better searching
3
                                                                             Greater advertisement

                                                                             More integration with studies
2
                                                                             Unsure

1



0

    Beginner   Advanced beginner   Intermediate          Expert




                                          M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                                Repositories and Students                                    20
3.5



 3



2.5
                                                                              More research material

                                                                              More full-text material
 2
                                                                              More archival material

                                                                              Better searching
1.5
                                                                              Greater advertisement

                                                                              More integration with studies
 1
                                                                              Unsure

0.5



 0

      Beginner   Advanced beginner   Intermediate         Expert




                                           M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                                 Repositories and Students                                    21
18


16


14


12                                                                            More research material

                                                                              More full-text material
10
                                                                              More archival material

 8                                                                            Better searching

                                                                              Greater advertisement
 6                                                                            More integration with studies

                                                                              Unsure
 4


 2


 0

     Beginner   Advanced beginner   Intermediate          Expert




                                           M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                                 Repositories and Students                                    22
   Repositories are on global scale, with medical research and breakthroughs
    in every country
   Born digital files (never been printed): using and preserving them is an
    issue
   Technology growing and changing
   Technical infrastructure insufficient
   Legal issues-copyright
   Traditional academic environment where no one wants to use the repository
   Government involvement, especially with genomes, and alliances
    necessary. Science based on evidence now.
   Risk management and board development, especially diversity, critical
   Required growth through innovation, improvements, and differentiation




                                       M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject
                                             Repositories and Students          23
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Osteopathic Colleges Implementing Repositories to Enhance Student Enrollment

  • 1. Margaret Lewis Rosemont College Master’s in Management Thesis December 2012
  • 2. As a result of higher costs, personnel reductions, improvements in software, and the general need for search and increased institutional visibility, osteopathic colleges are implementing subject and consortial repositories in an effort to enhance student enrollment. (Goal is to add to primary care and research through sharing information.) M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 2
  • 3. Current status of osteopathic colleges  College libraries  Definition and use of repositories  Literature review  Methodology  Results  Conclusions about repositories at colleges  Improvements mentioned in surveys  Management issues M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 3
  • 4. Low graduation and placement rates  Soaring tuition costs  Shrinking endowments  Student debt at medical schools  Minority and female enrollment is down  There are cost disincentives to practice primary care and family medicine due to student debt (Hazen, 2011, 196) M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 4
  • 5. 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 25% Graduates 100,000 10% Graduates 50,000 0 Medical School Graduates (Greysen, et.al, 2011, 840) M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 5
  • 6. 70% 60% 50% 40% Allopathy 30% Osteopathy 20% 10% 0% Year 2011 Year 2016 (Schenarts, et.al, 2011, 239) M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 6
  • 7. 300% 250% 200% 150% Serials CPI 100% 50% 0% Year 1 Year 18 M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 7
  • 8. Repository 12 10 8 6 Repository 4 2 0 Net Economic Value Return on Investment (Beagrie, et.al, 2012, 50) M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 8
  • 9. The general public is flocking to the Internet in search of “education, inspiration, invention, and interaction”  Institutions are not leading the way to building repositories  Repositories are pushing against academics and imposing conditions to attract content  Can’t help with navigating large amounts of data  Must be combined with national (research) and subject repositories for better searching  Only the largest universities have the requisite number of depositors (for example, MIT)  IRs are dependent on the resources of the institution, and may be unstable  Two international repository registries show little current deposit activity (Armbruster, 2010, 3) (Calise, 2008, 611) (Jones, et.al, 2006, 18) M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 9
  • 10. M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 10
  • 11. M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 11
  • 12. Internet searching with keywords  Five different surveys through email to the colleges, and posted on LinkedIn, a form of social media M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 12
  • 13. Searching on Google and college websites: ◦ Six colleges with subject repositories (18%) ◦ Five have consortial repositories (15%) ◦ Five have institutional repositories (15%) versus seven in surveys M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 13
  • 14. 90% 80% 70% 60% Institutional 50% Archival 40% Discipline Subject 30% Consortial 20% 10% 0% Library directors Deans MLA members ALA members M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 14
  • 15. 7 6 5 4 Added to research Added to studies 3 Found research Found faculty members 2 1 0 Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 15
  • 16. 9 8 7 6 5 Added to research Added to studies 4 Found research 3 Found faculty members 2 1 0 Strongly agree Agree Neutal Disagree Strongly disagree M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 16
  • 17. 25 20 15 Added to research Added to studies 10 Found research Found faculty members 5 0 Strongly agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly disagree M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 17
  • 18. 80% 70% 60% 50% Strongly agree 40% Agree 30% Neutral 20% 10% 0% Library directors Deans Students MLA members ALA members M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 18
  • 19. Half to 75% surveyed have IRs, a few have subject or consortial repositories  Ease of searching was neutral, through the library, and not through Google  Academics benefited; half of the respondents believed marketing benefited; enrollment benefits negligible  Half of respondents are in planning stages, and half of the library directors planning an IR  Half are contemplating changing or upgrading M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 19
  • 20. 7 6 5 More research material More full-text material 4 More archival material Better searching 3 Greater advertisement More integration with studies 2 Unsure 1 0 Beginner Advanced beginner Intermediate Expert M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 20
  • 21. 3.5 3 2.5 More research material More full-text material 2 More archival material Better searching 1.5 Greater advertisement More integration with studies 1 Unsure 0.5 0 Beginner Advanced beginner Intermediate Expert M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 21
  • 22. 18 16 14 12 More research material More full-text material 10 More archival material 8 Better searching Greater advertisement 6 More integration with studies Unsure 4 2 0 Beginner Advanced beginner Intermediate Expert M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 22
  • 23. Repositories are on global scale, with medical research and breakthroughs in every country  Born digital files (never been printed): using and preserving them is an issue  Technology growing and changing  Technical infrastructure insufficient  Legal issues-copyright  Traditional academic environment where no one wants to use the repository  Government involvement, especially with genomes, and alliances necessary. Science based on evidence now.  Risk management and board development, especially diversity, critical  Required growth through innovation, improvements, and differentiation M. Lewis, Consortial and Subject Repositories and Students 23