brief n effective

1. WELCOME

2. Group members
Amal G Nath
Aneesh Sankar
Arun S
Anjali S Babu

3. ALLOWANCES
• The additional time allowed to perform the
work over and above the basic time.
• Additional benefits provided to the worker for
recovery from fatigue & for relaxation.
• Work content = basic time + relaxation
allowance + any allowance for additional
work.
• Depends on factors related to individual
worker , environment , nature of work itself.

4. ST
PRF PA RPA SA
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5. CLASSIFICATION OF ALLOWANCES
1. RELAXATION ALLOWANCE
(a) personal need allowances
(b) Fatigue allowances
(i) basic fatigue allowances
(ii) variable fatigue allowances
2. CONTINGENCY ALLOWANCES
3. SPECIAL ALLOWANCES
4.INTERFERENCE ALLOWANCES
5. PROCESS ALLOWANCES

6. RELAXATION ALLOWANCE
An addition to the basic time intended to provide the
worker an opportunity to recover from physical effects
of carrying out a specified task under specified
condition and to allow attention to personal needs .
Two components are :
(a) Personal need allowances
allowances provided to the worker to fulfill his
personal needs.
(b) Fatigue allowances
intended to provide a workman an opportunity to
psychological effects of fatigue.

7. Fatigue allowances
(i) basic fatigue allowance: provided to the
worker under good working conditions. It is
taken as 4% of the basic time . Also called as
fixed allowances.
(ii) variable fatigue allowances: provided for
medium and heavy work, done in a posture
other than sitting and when work conditions
cannot be improved.
Eg: weight lifting , abnormal positions

8. Contingency allowances:
it may occur frequently or irregularly. Normally
provided for small delays and for minor extra
work.
Eg : tool sharpening .
power failures of small duration.
daily oiling and cleaning by maintenance
department.
Filling coolant reservoir from time to time.
consultation with foreman.

9. Special allowances:
provided for activities which are not
part of a cycle, but which are essential
for satisfactory performance of the
work.
Eg: startup allowance .
Shutdown allowance .
Cleaning allowance .
Tool – allowance .
Implementation allowance .

10. Interference allowances:
provided when two or more work elements
occur simultaneously.
major factors are : number of machines per
operator , ratio of machine time to outside
work.
Work content of the job is increased.
The waiting time of a machine before it is
attended to by the operator is called
unproductive time.

11. Process allowances:
normally interference occur in the
operators activity over which the
operator has no control.
Eg : delay in availability of material as a
special allowance.

12. Computation of basic time and standard time
Basic time: time for carrying out an element of
work at standard rating.
Basic time=(observed time*observed
rating)/standard rating
it is also called as normal time.
Standard time : total time in which a job should
be completed at standard performance.
Standard time=basic time +allowances

13. Eg 1; Representative, T=.5 min
rating factor=125%
allowances=15% of S.T
basic time (normal time)=5*1.25=.625 min
standard time (S.T)=normal time
(N.T)+allowances
S.T=N.T+.15 S.T
S.T(1-.15)=N.T
S.T=.625/.85
=.74 min

14. Eg 2; Representative time=.75 min
rating factor=110%
relaxation allowance=10%
personal allowance=3%of normal time
delay allowance=2%
total allowance=3+10+2=15% of N.T
basic time (normal time)=.75*1.10=.825 min
standard time=normal time + allowances
=N.T+.15(N.T)=1.15(N.T)
=.825*1.15=.95 min

15. Thank you!!!