cancer

1. Cancer
Cancer still remainsone of the mostfeareddiseasesinthe modernworld.AccordingtoWHO it affect
one personinthree and causeda quarterof all deathsinthe developedworldduringthe year2000.
Afterheartdisease,itisthe largestcause of death.Cancercellsare formedwhennormal cellslose
the normal regulatorymechanismsthatcontrol growthandmultiplication.
Update on scenario Cancer in Bangladesh :
Bangladesh,at142 millionpeople,isthe ninthmostpopulouscountryinthe world.
There are 13 to 15 lakhcancer patientsinBangladesh,withabouttwolakhpatientsnewlydiagnosed
withcancer eachyear.
Causesof cancer:
Possiblyasmanyas 30% of cancer are causedbysmoking,while another30% are diet
related.Carcinogenicchemicalsinsmoke,foodandthe environmentmaycause cancer.
Types ofcancer:
Bladdercancer,Lung cancer,Brain cancer,Melanoma,Breastcancer, Non-Hodgkin
lymphoma,Cervical cancer,Ovariancancer,Colorectal cancer,Pancreaticcancer,Esophageal cancer,
Prostate cancer,Kidneycancer, Skincancer,Leukemia,Thyroidcancer
Some general signs and symptoms of cancer:
You shouldknowsome of the general signsandsymptomsof cancer.But remember,
havinganyof these doesnotmeanthat youhave cancer – manyotherthingscause these signsand
symptoms,too.If youhave any of these symptomsandtheylastfor a longtime or getworse,please
see a doctor to findoutwhat’sgoingon.
1. Fever 2.F atigue 3. Pain 4. Skinchanges (Darkerlookingskin, Yellowishskinand eyes
(jaundice),Reddenedskin(erythema), Itching(pruritis).
Treatment of cancer:
There are three traditional approachestothe treatmentof cancer.
1.Surgery:Before 1955 2.Radiotherapy:1955-1965 3.Chemotherapy.
Thank you!!!

2. Classificationofanticancer agents:
Group-A: Basedon Chemistry:
1. Alkylatingagent: 2. Anti-metabolites
a. Nitrogenmustards: Cyclophspamide a. Folate antagonist:Methotrexat
b. Ethylene di amines:Thiotepa b. Purine antagonist:Azathiopurine
c. Alkyl sulfonates:Busulfan c. Pyrimidineantagonist:Cytarabine
d. Nitrosoureas:Curmustine d. VinkaAlkaloids:Vincristine
e. Triazines:Decarbazine e. Taxanes:Pacitaxel
f. Antibiotics:Doxorubicin
g.Hormonesandantagonist:Prednisolone
Group B: Basedon cell cycle specific:
1. Cell cycle specificdrugs:Bleomycin
2. Cell cycle non-specificdrugs:Anti-metabolitesdrugs
Group c: Basedon mechanismof action:
1. Drugs that influence the structure andfunctionof DNA:Cyclophosphamide
2. Drugs thatblocknucleicacidsynthesis:Methotrexate
3. Drugs thatinterfere proteinsynthesis:VincaAlkaloids
4. Drugs thatinterfere transcriptionandblockRNA synthesis:Doxorubicin
5.Drugs that blockthe functionof proteins:Transtuzunab
Stepsto reduce risk of cancer:
1. Don’tuse tobacco, 2. Eat a healthydiet, 3.Maintaina healthy weightandbe physically
active, 4. Protectyourself fromthe sun, 5. Get immunized, 6. Avoidriskybehaviors, 7. Get regular
medical care. --------