This presentation is in Sinhala + English. I will soon translate it to complete English & upload.

1. Processor
The hidden brain of the computer…
By : Telakshi Waidyaratne (06)
2014 – 1st batch , VTA – YMBA , Kandy.

2. What is a processor..?
• Central Processing Unit (CPU) hkq"
moaO;sfha uQ,sl .Kkh lsÍï ^arithmetic& " ;¾lkh ^logic& " iy
wdodk$m%;sodk ^input/output& lghq;= isÿlsÍu u.ska mß.Kl
jevigyka j, Wmfoia wkq.ukh lrk mß.Klh ;=< mj;sk oDVdx.hls¡
^Hardware&
Processor
2

3. Since when..?
• 1960 oYlfha uq,a ld,fha isg processor mß.Kl lafIa;%fha
Ndú;hg meñKshd'
• tod isg wo olajd cpu ys wdlD;sh ^form&" ieliqu ^design&" iy
l%shdj isÿjk wdldrh ^implementation&" fndfydaÿrg fjkia ù
we;s kuq;a mokï jk l%shdj,sh ^fundamental operation&
;ju;a merKs wdldrhg iudkhs'
Processor 3

4. History of CPU…
• merKs;u mß.Kl jk ENIAC wdosfha oS tlsfklg fjkia ld¾hhka lsÍu i`oyd
mß.Klfha jh¾ .,jd kej; ilia lsÍug isÿ jqKd¡
• tneúka tu mß.Kl" “stored-program computer” f,i ye`oskaúk'
Processor 4

5. And then…
• bka miqj transistor mainframes iy minicomputers hq.h wdrïN
jqKd¡
• tys m%;sM,hla f,i intergrated circuits (IC) lr<shg meñKshd'
• IC fhdod .ekSu u.ska jvd ixlS¾K yd m%udKfhka b;d l=vd ^kefkda ógr&
CPU ks¾udKh lsÍug yd ksIamdokh lsÍug yelsjqKd¡
Processor 5

6. Finally….
Processor
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7. How processors are made..?
Processor 7

8. What is multiprocessing..?
• ;ksmß.KlhlgCPU tllg jvd ;sìhyelsh' fuh multiprocessingkï fõ'
• wo Ndú;d lrk CPU ish,a,u microprocessors fõ' tkï" ;ks chip tlla u;
mßm:^circuits&wka;¾.;fõ'
• fuu iuyrla intergrated circuits (IC) u; CPU lSmhla mj;S' tjeks IC ,
“multi-core processors” kï fõ'
Processor 8

9. The basic components…
• CPU tlla fldgia 3lska iukaú;hs¡
1. wdodk $ m%;sodk tAllh (input / output unit)
2. md,k tAllh (control unit)
3. .Ks; yd ;d¾lsl tAll tlla fyda lSmhla (one or more
arithmetic logic units)
Processor 9
CPU
Input /
output unit
Control
unit
Arithmetic
logic unit

10. Parts of CPU…
• CPU tl m%OdkjYfhka fldgia 2lgfnosh yelshs'
1. Control Unit (CU)
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Processor 10

11. Control Unit (CU)…
• iïmQ¾K mß.Kl moaO;shu md,kh lsÍu i`oyd úoaHq;a ix{d Ndú;d lrñka " .nvd
lr we;sjevigyka j, Wmfoia f.khk mßm:wvx.=fõ'
• CU u.ska Wmfoia mÍlaIdj isÿ fkdlrhs'
• ALU yd memory iu. wksjd¾hfhkau iDcq iïnkaO;dmj;ajhs'
Processor 11

12. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
• fuh CPU ys we;sWm tAllhls¡ (subunit)
• input devices u.ska ir, .Ks;l¾u (arithmetic) iy ;¾l lsÍï (logic) isÿ l<
yels mßm:hla wvx.=fõ¡
• Arithmetic operations – Add , subtract
• Logical operations – Comparing two values
Processor 12

13. Rating of processors…
• iydh olajk mother board yd úúO ld¾hhka i`oyd n,mdk wkaou wkqj
processors j¾.SlrKh lr we;¡
1. Bus speed
2. Processor core frequency
3. Multiprocessing ability
4. Computing technologies the processor can use.
5. The voltage and power consumption of the
processor.
Processor 13

14. How the CPU works..?
Processor 14
ALU ALU
Control Unit
Input / Output Unit
Internal
Memory
Cache
Registers
Bus Lines
Bus Lines
Bus
Lines

15. Manufacturing Companies…
• m%Odk jYfhka processors ksIamdokh lrkwdh;k 2ls¡
1. Intel
2. AMD
Processor 15

16. Processor brands…
• m%Odk jYfhka processorsj¾. 3ls¡
1. Intel processors
2. AMD processors
3. ATOM processors (Intel brand)
Processor 16

17. Intel processors…
• Intelwdh;kh hkqmß.KlflIa;%fha oejeka; fmr<s /ilg n,mE wdh;khls¡
• tu.ska isÿ l< iqúfYaISu fufyh jkafka wo f,dalfha mßyrKh lrk fõ.fhka jeä u
processorsksmoùuhs'
• f,dalfha b;d u ckm%sh Pentium yd Core processors o laptop mß.Kl
i`oyd fhdod .kakdAtom processors o Inteliud.fï ksIamdok w;rfõ'
Processor 17

18. The time-line of Intel processors…
Processor 18

19. Grouping by performance…
Processor 19
Low
performance
High
performance
S
p
e
e
d

20. The specialties of CPUs…
• iEu processor tllau fõ.j;a nj (Speed) u; ixfla;j;a lr ;sfí¡
• tkï" processorsu;tAjdg wod, ksYaÑ; fõ.h i`oyka fldg tjhs¡
Wod ( 1.6 Ghz 1.8 Ghz 2.4 Ghz
2.8 Ghz 3.0 Ghz 3.3 Ghz
• fuf,i úúOperformance iys; processorswmg fj<`ofmdf,ka ñ,oS.;yel¡
Processor 20

21. Types of CPUs…
• Processors m%Odk j¾.2lg fnosh yel¡
1. Pin type processors
2. Pinless processors
Processor
21

22. The difference of 02 types…
• Pin type processors j,g jvd pinless processors j, fõ.j;a
njjeä h¡
• tkï" pinless processors j, cache memory tl pin type
processors j,g jvd ;rula by< fõ¡
Processor 22

23. Multi-core processors…
• tla Intergrated circuit tlla u; CPUs lSmhla mej;Su multi-
core processors kïfõ¡
Wod ( Dual-core (CPUs 2la iys;)
Quad-core (CPUs 4la iys;)
Processor 23

24. Design of multi-core CPUs…
Processor
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25. Examples for multi-core CPUs…
• j¾;udkfha Ndú;d jk processors w;ßka"
1. Intel Core i3
2. Intel Core i5
3. Intel Core i7
processors fï i`oyd WodyrK f,i oelaúh yel¡
Processor 25

26. CPU cooling…
• b;d ishqï mßm: wvx.= neúka CPU WIaK;ajhg fnfyúka u ixfõoS fõ¡ (Heat-
sensetive)
• tksid CPU wêl WIaK;ajfhka wdrlaId lr .ekSugúúO Wml%u wkq.ukhlrhs¡
1. Cooling fan iú lsÍu¡
2. Heat sink Ndú;h¡
3. Cooling gel fhoSu¡
Processor 26

27. Using cooling fan & heat sink…
Processor 27

28. Using cooling gel…
Processor 28

29. Other ways to protect CPU…
• iEu úgu mß.Klfha we;s processortlg .e<fmkwkaofï mother board
components fhdod .ekSu¡(VGA card, sound card, Ram card,
etc..)
• iqÿiq anti-virus software tlla ks;sm;dupdatelrñka Ndú;d lsÍu¡
• mß.Klfha processor tl u; we;s cooling gel, cooling fan, heat
sink j, ;;ajh ms<sn`oj wjOdkfhka lghq;= lsÍu¡
• udi 6lg jrlaj;a mß.KlhiïmQ¾K mÍlaIdjlg ,la lsÍu¡
Processor 29

30. The end…
iyfhda.h ,ndÿkaTn ieugu ia;+;shs¡¡¡æ
Processor
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