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![Cache Memory
% ; ; ; ; ; ;= . "m Odk u lfhka o a ilikh fj f dr re ikaksfõokh jk fõ h
; ; . ; . ¿o a ilikfha fõ j a njg fkdiEfyk neúka eg j uÕ yerùug fuu m
% ; ; ; ; ; ; . ; ; ;Odk u lh a o a ilikh a w rg wêfõ S u lhl wjYH djh we s
úh' ta i|yd Cache Memory ; , ;Ndõ fõ' wêl ksIamdok ñ la iys
; % ; ;fõ' fuh 80$20 kS shg wkqj l shd aulfõ' tkï ksYaÑ
, % ; ¨ .ld hloS hï l shdjla i|yd Ndú jk ish u mß Kl jev igyka
; ;= ; ;f dr re iy o a Cache ; ] %u lfhka 20 l m udKhla tu ld¾h
, ] ;=< ; % .flfrk ld fhka 80 la Ndú fõ' fïjd m Odk j¾ folls'
• L1 Cache - % ;=< ; . ; ;fm dfiirh we s fõ j a u l Ñmhhs'
• L2 Cache - % , ; . ; ;fm dfiirh wi we s fõ j a u l Ñmhls](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/grade10hardwarenetworking-150921074359-lva1-app6892/75/Grade-10-hardware-net-working-31-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byKrishan Madushanka
Grade 10 hardware& net working
This document discusses various computer hardware and software components. It provides details on parts of a computer like the processor, memory, motherboard, storage devices, ports and connectors. It also explains concepts like computer networks, different network topologies, clients and servers. While the document contains technical information, it lacks structure and coherence with many spelling and grammatical errors.
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Grade 10 hardware& net working
- 1. 2014 . .mrsKl oDvdx yd , < ¿cd lrK ms sno jevuq j fufyhùu < ; ; ;= ;uOHu m d a f dr re dËK tallh
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- 7. Network Tool (Clipping Tool )
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- 15. .mß Kl ljrfhafldgia Parts of Casing ;fuys my wdldrhg WmlrK iúlsÍug wjYH neúka flaiskfha fomi mshka iy bosßmi mshka ; .; ;=bj alr hq h'
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- 31. Cache Memory % ;; ; ; ; ;= . "m Odk u lfhka o a ilikh fj f dr re ikaksfõokh jk fõ h ; ; . ; . ¿o a ilikfha fõ j a njg fkdiEfyk neúka eg j uÕ yerùug fuu m % ; ; ; ; ; ; . ; ; ;Odk u lh a o a ilikh a w rg wêfõ S u lhl wjYH djh we s úh' ta i|yd Cache Memory ; , ;Ndõ fõ' wêl ksIamdok ñ la iys ; % ; ;fõ' fuh 80$20 kS shg wkqj l shd aulfõ' tkï ksYaÑ , % ; ¨ .ld hloS hï l shdjla i|yd Ndú jk ish u mß Kl jev igyka ; ;= ; ;f dr re iy o a Cache ; ] %u lfhka 20 l m udKhla tu ld¾h , ] ;=< ; % .flfrk ld fhka 80 la Ndú fõ' fïjd m Odk j¾ folls' • L1 Cache - % ;=< ; . ; ;fm dfiirh we s fõ j a u l Ñmhhs' • L2 Cache - % , ; . ; ;fm dfiirh wi we s fõ j a u l Ñmhls
- 32. Intel (8008) MicroProcessor
- 33. Intel (8080) MicroProcessor
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- 38. Core 2 DuoProcessor
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- 40. CPU Register –CPU memory ; ;o a ilik Processor ;=< . ;iuyr wêfõ Sj u lhka . < : ;nvd l yels ia dk we ' fïjd Internal registers ,f i yÿkajhs' RAM , . ;j g jvd fú j ah' CPU tl yd ALU ;tl fuu u l . ; ; ; , . ; , ,nvd Ndú d lrñka o a nd kS' tfukau djld slj ilik o ; ; . ; ;= ; ; . ;o a o nvd lr nhs' fuu fya fjka o a ilikfha fú j a nj .jeäfú' fïjd j¾ lsysmhls' PCR - Programme Counter Register IR - Instruction Register MBR - Memory Buffer Register MAR - Memory Address Register IO/AR- Input Output Address Register I/OBR- Input Output Buffer Register
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- 50. BIOS fuu BIOS ,, ., ; <fmr ld j oS jd kej iõ l yels jqjo wo Flash BIOS ; <iú lr we s neõka th l ; ; ;= <fkdyel' tfy a tys f dr re fjkia l yelsh' BIOS program hï hï fodaI oelaùug Beep Sound ;Ndõ d lrhs Ami BIOS jdr jro 2-3 RAM 4-5-7-10 Mother Board 8 VGA 9 BIOS Chip 6 Key Board
- 51. Primay Memory 1 Rom(Read Only Memory Rom - ; ;+ , ; .Ñmfha f dr re sùfï dlaIKh wkqj j¾ flf¾ PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory . , ‘fuu j¾ fha tlajrla muKla súh yelsh EPROM- Eraseble Programmable Read Only Memory ;kej ; , , ; ;+ ,kej shk o f dr re ulñka sõh yelsh' uelSu i|yd ,mdrcïnq lsrK (Ultra Violet Ray) ;Ndú d ‘lrhs EEPROM – Electrically Eraseble Programmable Rom:- “Flash” ; , % ;u lh f i oekg ckms h fjïka mj sk .fuuß Ñma j¾ hls fuys (Electrical field) ; ;%úoHq a fCIa hla . ; ;= ,u ska f dr re sùu yd uelSu folu isÿlrhs '
- 52. 2 Ram ((RandomAccess Memory) ; ; . ; %o a nvdjl wNHka ßl m Odk tallh % ; ,jk fuh iiïNdù m fõY u lh f i , ; , ; ; .yÿkajkq efí' djld slj o a r|jd ekSfï ; ; ; .yelshdj we s neúka kej kej nvdjk ; ; ; ; / ; <o a bj a lsÍu a |ùu a isÿ l yels neúka Volatile Memory ,f i o ye| skafõ'
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- 55. ;ksIamdok dËKh wkqj .j¾’lrKh SRAM –Static RAM , ; % .fuf i yÿkajk w r g dkaisiag¾ muKla fhdodf k ; ,fndfyda úg fuu u l tall ksmojkq nhs
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- 58. DRAM - DynamicRam , ; %f i yÿkajk w r g dkaisiag¾ yd .lemEisg¾ fhdodf k fndfyda úg , ; ; ; ;ksmojkq nhs' fuys o a kej kej < ;wdfrdamKh fkdl fyd a (refresh) ; ; ‘o a uelS hhs
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- 63. Differences in DDRFamily DDR 1 DDR 2DDR 2 DDR 3
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- 70. )A Magnetic tape ^pqïNlmá 300 $ 600 $ 1200 $ 2400 $ 3600feet ;merKs u . * , < ;nvd udOH jk fuys f ßla Tlaihsâ wdf am l mÜhlska iukaõ h' wâ . ;2400 muK os pqñNl má o Ndõ d õh' B) Magnetic Drum . ; ; . < % ; ;jYfhka j¾ 2 ls o a nvd lsÍu máfha fl jrl isg wkql ñj isÿfõ b du a . ; ;wvq fõ hlska o a ikaksfõokh lrhs' Read head yd Write head 2 la ; ‘Ndú d fõ A)Magnetic Disk – Floppy Disk ; ; ;fyj a kuH eá s kñka yÿka jk fïjdfha (Iron Oxide Coating) , ; ;fmßla Tlaihsä wdf amhla jrd ksmojd we ' Single side ; ; .tl me a l muKla nvd lrk Double side ; ;fome af u .nvd lrk úYalïNh wkqj 8” " 5'25” " 3'5” , ;f i Ndú úh' • Hard Disk - • ;eá kñka yÿka jk fïjd iron oxide , ;wdf amlr fydoska Tm oud we ' • * Zip Disk - Jass Disk .= ; . ; %fïjd o úfYaI jQ pqïNl K iys j wê K aj l u ;Ndú lr úfYaI Zip Driver . ; ;= . ;u ska f dr re nvd lsÍug Ndú d lrhs'
- 71. ; .oDYH udOHhNdú d lrk nvd WmlrK Optical Media . ; ;= ; ; . <wêl K ajhlska hq j o a nvd l yelsh' , ; . ; ; . ;f ai¾ lsrK dCIKh u ska o a nvd lsÍu iy kej , . , ’ ,nd ekSu isÿlrkq nhs i¾ms dldrj fuys ; ; . ;’o a nvd jk má msysgd we (Spiral track) "úYalïnh wkqj 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PIT LAND laser aluminum data layer clear plastic sensor laser sensor 0 0 0 0 LAND polycarbonate layer (clear plastic) aluminum layer laquer layer motion polycarbonate substrate aluminum reflective layer laquer laquer polycarbonate substrate reflective layer (gold) dye CD-ROM CD-R Protective coating Laquer layer Spiral groove is a guide. It is pressed into the blank disk when manufactured. Reflective layer (gold) Recording layer (dye) Disc substrate (polycarbonate resin) Laser beam top side (label printed here)
- 72. DVD - DigitalVersatile Disk ,f i yÿkajk fïjd CD , ; ; .j g yevyqrefjka iudk jqjo tys o a nvd lsÍfï : ; ; ;. ; ;oS ia r lsysmhla hgf a o a nvd lsÍfï ishqï dËKhla Ndú lrhs' (Several layers data records) 12cm fyda 8cm , .= ; .úYalïNj ska oelsh yelsh' fïjdfha Kd aul nj wkqj j¾ , ‘5 la olakg efí D V D 2 GB 4 GB 4 . 5 GB 6 . 5 GB 8 GB 16 GB 200 GB (B) OPTICAL CARDS ;by CD ; ;dËKhg iudkj ksmojd we s card úfYaIhls fuys 4 mb ; ;isg 6 olajd Odß djla we '
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- 77. TV/FM card .%-ikaksfõok wiñnkaOl Comunication Port & Connector BNC Connector— British Naval Connector Centronics Connector -SCSI Interface TV/FM card The last device in both the internal and external chain must be terminated. SCSI host adapter CD-ROM hard disks scanner external chain internal chain
- 78. RJ45 - RJ11Connector DIN Connector- USB Connector IDE connector - Integrated Drive Electronic 5-pin DIN Used on earlier PC keyboards and various audio 6-pin Mini-DIN Used on mouse, keyboard and other devices (PS/2 connector) 5/16" 1/2"
- 79. Parallel Port &Connector Sound card port & connector
- 80. .uDÿldx (Software) ; .moaO suDÿldx (System software) .fhojqï uDÿldx (Application software) ;fufyhqï moaO s (Operating Systems) ; .Wmhqla uDÿldx (Utility Software) ; .mßj¾ k uDÿldx (Translator Programs) fhojqï meflac Application packages .mß Kl NdId Languages
- 81. . ,mß Klcd Computer Network , =cd hla hkq l ula o ? What is a Network? =idudcslhska tla wfhll g jvd jeäfhka isák ; ;yd ta ishÆu idudcslhska w f¾ wka ¾ ; ; . , ,iïnkaO djh mj ajd f k hkakla cd hla f i yÿkajhs (- = ,Wod uyck nexl cd h % , , ,Ys xld fg sfldï cd h
- 82. . , ,mßKl cd j jdis Advantages of computer network . ; . ;1 mß Kl w r oDVdx iïm a (hardware resources) .fnod ekSug yels ùu' Printer / HDD . ; .2 mß Kl w r uDÿldx (software recourses) .fnod ekSug yels ùu' (DBMS ) . ; .;3 mß Kl w r mKsúv yqjudre lr yels ùu' ( E-Mail / Fax / Video Phone )
- 83. . , ,mßKl cd j wjdis Disadvantage of computer network . , : ;1 mß Kl cd hla ia dms lsÍfï úhou ‘jeä fõ 2 hardware iy software ,fldgia j g ;ydks we s úh yels ùu' (Virus) . ; ; ; ,3 mß Klfha we s o a j wdrlaIdj < . ¿ ;=ms sno eg u ùu' (Hackers
- 84. node . ,mß Klcd hg iïnkaO computer, printer, file server . ,jeks oE mß Kl cd fha node ,f i yÿkajkq , . ,efí' mß Kl cd fha iEu node tllgu wkkH jQ , ;smskhla we ' ( Unique IP Address ) Client . , , ,mß Kl cd fhka hï lsis fiajdjla b a d isák (Request) node tl client , ,f i yÿkajkq efí' Server Client . , , ,u ska b a d isák fiajh imhkq nk node tl Server , ,f i yÿkajkq efí'
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- 86. Network Topology . ,!; : ; ;mß Kl cd hla fN sl jYfhka ia dms lr we s wdldrh (physical layout) network topology , ,f i yÿkajkq efí' Star Topology . ,rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg fuysoS mß Kl cd hg iïnkaO .iEu mß Klhlau Hub / Switch tllg fyda Host Computer . ,tllg iïnkaO ùfuka mß Kl cd h ks¾udKh ‘fõ Host ComputerHub / Switch Host Computer Hub / Switch
- 87. Ring Topology . ,;rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg mß Kl cd fha we s . ; ; ; .tla mß Klhla ks ru j a mß Kl follg iïnkaO ù , ; . ,j hdldrj we s kï tjeks mß Kl cd hla Ring Topology , ,f i yÿkajkq efí'
- 88. Bus topology . ,;rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg mß Kl cd fha we s . % ,ieu mß Klhlau tla m Odk k hlg (Common Channel) . ,iïnkaO ùfuka mß Kl cd h ks¾udKh fõ' Terminator
- 89. Tree topology . ,;rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg mß Kl cd fha we s . . ;= ;ieu mß Klhlau il w úysos we s wdldrhg . ,iïnkaO ùfuka mß Kl cd h ks¾udKh fõ'
- 90. . , .mßKl cd j¾ SlrKh Types of Network . , = . , ; ;mß Kl cd hla N f da Sh jYfhka me sÍ we s , , , . ; .wdldrh ie ls a g f k my ioyka wdldrhg mß Kl , . < ‘cd j¾ slrKh l yel 1. Local Area Network (LAN) 2. Wide Area Network (WAN) 3. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
- 91. 1 Local AreaNetwork (LAN) !; ; , . . ,fN sl jYfhka t rï úYd fkdjq f dvke s s úYaj , ; , ; . ,úoHd jeks wdh k j Ndú jk mß Kl cd (1km . %j¾ m udKhla muK ) LAN , ,f i yÿkajkq efí' ;tla wdh khl LAN , % ;úYd m udKhla we ' Bus / star network topology ;Ndú d flf¾'
- 92. 2 Metropolitan AreaNetwork (MAN) Local Area Network , , + . ,j g jvd úYd N f da sh m % . , ,foaYhla wdjrKh lrkakd jq mß Kl cd hla f i , ,yÿkajkq efí' WodyrKhla f i fuys oS iudk ; ; % ; . ;dËKhla hgf a ls hd aul jk k r lsysmhl we s ; ; .wdh k tlg iïnkaO lr msysgqjd we s mß Kl ,cd hla yÿkajd osh yel'
- 93. 3 Wide AreaNetwork (WAN) + . , : , ;N f da Sh jYfhka úúO ia dk j we s .mß Kl tlg iïnkaO ùfuka Wide Area Network ìys fõ' tkï WAN . , , ,hkq mß Kl cd j cd hls' WAN ;=, LAN yd MAN , %úYd m udKhla oelsh yel'
- 95. . , ;%mß Kl cd hla iEoSug Ndú jk m Odk WmlrK Main Devices that are used to create a network .lsishï WmlrKhla mß Klh yd iïnkaO lsÍu ; .ioyd w rueos WmlrK wjYH jkjd fiau mß Klhla . ,mß Kl cd hlg iúlsÍu ioydo WmlrK wjYHfõ' Network Interface Card (NIC) Modem Router Hub Switches Bridge
- 96. Network Interface Card(NIC) . , ; % :mß Klhla cd hlg iú lsÍu ioyd wjYH b d m d ñl ,WmlrKh f i Network Interface Card tl yeoskaúh yel' Network Interface Card tlla tl milska motherboard tl ;u jQ slot .tlla u ska motherboard yd iïnkaO fõ' ; ; .wfkla miska msysgqjd we s fidlÜ Ndú d lr mß Klh , < ; ;cd hg iïnkaO l yel' úúO dlaIK hgf a ksmojk . , . .mß Kl cd yd iu mß Klh iïnkaO lrùu ioyd wjYH ;fidlÜ fujeks ldâ msgqmiska msysgqjd sfí'' ieu Network Interface Card ,tllgu wkkHh jQ smskhla ;we ' fuh MAC Address , ,f i yÿkajkq efí
- 97. Network Interface Card (NIC) Hubor Switch RJ 45 Connectors UTP Cable
- 98. . ; ,mßKlhla wka ¾cd hg iïnkaO jkafka Analog Signal ; : . . ;Ndú lrkd ÿrl k ud¾ hla yryd kï mß Klh yd ÿrl k . ; = ,ud¾ h tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍfï w rueosfhl f i Modem kï ; . .WmlrKh Ndú d flf¾' fï u ska isÿ flfrkqfha mß Klh .u ska ckkh lrk Digital Signal : . .ÿrl k ud¾ h Tiafia uka <l yels Analog Signal ; ; :njg mßj¾ kh lr oSu a ÿrl k . ,ud¾ h yryd efnkd Analog Signal . ; .;mß Klhg f areï yels Digital Signal ; ;njg mßj¾ kh lr oSu ah' fuys oS RJ11 Connecters ; .Ndú d lr mß Klh yd Modem %WmlrKh iïnkaO flf¾' m Odk jYfhka Modem .j¾ ;folla we ' 1 Internal Modem 2 External Modem
- 99. Digital Signal AnalogSignal Modulation Demodulation Modem Computer Digital Device Analog Device Digital Signals Analog Signals Telephone
- 101. Router Routers . ,tlsfklg wiudkjQ mß Kl cd hka folla tlg iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Router ;kï WmlrKh Ndú fõ' Router kï ; ;úfYaIs WmlrKh my ioyka ld¾hka .ioyd fhdod kS' 1 tlsfklg fjkia jQ LAN folla iïnkaO lsÍug' (Dissimilar type of LAN)Router
- 102. 2 LAN ydWAN tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍug'
- 103. Router %tllg mOdk jYfhka Port ;folla we ' 1 LAN Port 2 WAN Port tu ksid Router tllg IP Address ;folla we ' 1 LAN ,tlg nd fok IP Address tl 2 WAN ,tlg nd fok IP Address tl fuys os WAN Port ; ;tlg my ioyka iïnkaO d ; <Ndú l yels fõ' 1 Dial-Up connection 2 Leased Line Connections 3 ISDN Connections 4 ADSL Connections
- 104. Hub .mß Kl ,.cd hla ks¾udKh lsÍfïos mß Kl tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Hub ; ; .keu s WmlrKh Ndú d fõ' mß Kl , ; .cd fha we s ieu mß Klhlau Hub tlg fjk fjku iïnkaO fõ' fï ioyd RJ 45 Connectors iy UTP Cable ; ‘Ndú d fõ Hub tlla Passive Device ,tlla f i kï flf¾' . , ; ;tkï tla tla mß Klfhka efnk o a (Data Packet) ,úYaf aIKh lsÍfï yelshdjla Hub ;tlg fkdue ' Hub ;tlla Ndú lr LAN < < .tlla ms sfh lr ekSug wjYH (-oE Network Interface Card (NIC) UTP Cable RJ 45 Connectors
- 105. Switch . , .mßKl cd hla ks¾udKh lsÍfïoS mß Kl tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Switch ;keue s ; ;WmlrKh Ndú d fõ' fuu WmlrKh nqoaêu a WmlrKhla (Intelligent Device) ,f i yeoska fõ' tkï . , ; ; , ,tla mß Klhlska efnk o a úYaf aIKh lr th nd ;= .osh hq mß Klh (Using Destination Address) fï . . ,u ska yÿkd kq efí' fï ioyd NIC Card , ;j we s MAC Address ;Ndú d flf¾'
- 108. Bridge Bridge tlsfklg iudk jQProtocol ;Ndú lrkakd jQ Network folla tlsfklg iïnkaO lsÍu ioyd Bridge ;Ndú
- 109. Server . , =;. ,mß Kl cd hlg iïnkaO wfkl a mß Kl j g fiajd , .imhkq nk mß Kl jevigyka (Computer Program) .= .wvx úfYaI mß Kl Server , ,f i yÿkajkq efÄ' Server ClientClient
- 110. UTP (Unshielded TwistedPair) STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) Coaxial Cable Fiber Optics Cables