This document describes a student project to design and implement a system to display available seats and monitor temperature in a library. A group of 5 electrical engineering students from Assosa University will work on the project under an advisor. The system will use passive infrared sensors and a temperature sensor along with an Arduino microcontroller and LCD display. It will count students entering and leaving the library and display available seats. It will also monitor temperature and control a fan if the temperature exceeds a threshold. The project objectives, methodology, work plan, and budget are outlined. The system aims to help students efficiently find available seats and maintain a comfortable study environment.

1. ASSOSA UNIVERSTIY
COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
STREAM CONTROL
TITLE ON: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF DISPLAYING FREE
SEATS AVAILABLE AND MONITOR THE ROOM TEMPERATURE IN
THE LIBRARY.
GROUB NAME ID NO
1) ASMARE HABTU ETR/ 0337/08
2) AYELE KANTURE ETR/0346/08
3) BEZUALEM ASFA ETR/0378/08
4) MISGANAW FENTAHUN ETR/0746/08
5) MULUALEM ABEBE ETR/0773/08
Advisor Name Mr. Talegeta M. (Msc)
Submission Date: March, 10/07/2012 E.C
Assosa
Ethiopia

2. i
DECLARATION
We would like to declare that the thesis project proposal has submitted to department of electrical
engineering ASSOSA University. This project work is an authentic record of our own work carried
out through three consecutive month’s with strong discussion of our group. We certify that our
work is original and performed with ourselves with the help of our advisor Talegeta M. (Msc).
Name Id No Signature
Asmare Habtu EER/ 0337/08
Ayele Kanture ETR/0346/08
Bezualem Asfa ETR/0378/08
Misganaw Fentahun ETR/0746/08
Mulualem Abebe ETR/0773/08

3. ii
ABSTRACT
In this project we develop and build an automatic monitoring and displaying free seats available
and monitor the room temperature in the library. This project consists of simple circuit which
consists of Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR) pair, temperature sensor and LCD and fan at output
section. With the help of this system it is possible to count the number of students and monitor the
temperature at Schools, Banks, shops and etc. But this project is used for library for counting
students and monitoring the temperature. PIR pair and temperature sensor is the input section of
this circuit. As soon as the student enters the door a high to low pulse goes to receiver of PIR pair
and the temperature sensor senses the temperature inside the library. If the temperature is beyond
the threshold value then, the fan goes to high. In this project we use Arduino microcontroller for
counting, monitoring the fan and provides output to the input of LCD for displaying and finally it
displays free seats available for students on LCD.
Keywords: infrand sensor, temperature sensor, Arduino Uno LCD etc…

4. iii
Table of Contents
DECLARATION............................................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................ii
LIST OF FIGURE.......................................................................................................................... iv
LIST OF TABLE ............................................................................................................................ v
ABBRIVATION............................................................................................................................ vi
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1
1. Background of the Study......................................................................................................... 1
2. Problem of the Statement........................................................................................................ 2
3. Objectives................................................................................................................................ 2
3.1. General Objective............................................................................................................. 2
3.2 Specific Objective.............................................................................................................. 2
4. Significance of the project....................................................................................................... 2
5. Scope of the project................................................................................................................. 3
This project has the following goals ............................................................................................... 3
6. Literature review ..................................................................................................................... 3
7. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 4
8. Project Work Plan .................................................................................................................. 7
9.Cost Budget of The Project...................................................................................................... 8
Table 2 cost budget of the project................................................................................................... 8
10. References................................................................................................................................. 9

5. iv
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1 flow chat project plan .....................................................................................................................5
Figure 2 Block diagram of automatic monitoring and displaying free seats available in library .................6

6. v
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1 project of work plan.........................................................................................................................7
Table 2 cost budget of the project.................................................................................................................8

7. vi
ABBRIVATION
AC………………………………………………………Alternate Current
DC………………………………………………………Direct Current
IDE………………………………………………………Integrate Development Environment
LCD……………………………………………………. Liquid Crystal Display
LED………………………………………………………Light Emitting Diode
PIR………………………………………………………Passive Infrared Ray
PWM ……………………………………………………pulse width modulation
DC……………………………………………………….Direct Current
RX ………………………………………………………Receive
TX ………………………………………………………Tran

8. 1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1. Background of the Study
Automatic monitoring and displaying free seats available in library is designed to count the number
of students entering or leaving the library. When student enters the library, the count would be
increased. Whereas on leaving, the count would be decreased. PIR sensors are used for motion
detection and the whole counting operation is done by the Arduino microcontroller. PIR sensors
allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of
the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out. For that
reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses. They are
often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared ray “or "IR motion" sensors [1]. It can detect humans,
animals and other objects. The output from each sensor is fed to the Arduino microcontroller. The
output from sensor would be a logic high signal if motion is detected by Arduino microcontroller
and accordingly the count would be increased or decreased. The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller
board based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz clock, a USB construction, a power jack, & a reset
button. The LM35 is the temperature sensor, whose output voltage proportional to temperature and
it sense the temperature of the library. In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic
appliances. With the increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing
circuits that would ease the complexity of life. Also if at all one wants to know the number of
people present in library so as not to have congestion, this system proves to be helpful. The main
purpose of our system is to save energy and the efforts required to switch on the lights. Instead of
switching on/off the lights in the library the lights adjust the intensity automatically. To make a
controller based model to count number of persons visiting the library and accordingly light up the
library .To know the number of people present in library so as not to have congestion. when the
number of student entering to the library as more to exsoust more amount carbon dioxide in the
human being due to this temperature increase in the library and also fan available in the room [2].

9. 2
2. Problem of the Statement
Many of libraries in our country have limited number of seats used for students. Students go to
library unconscious of how many seats available free. Some students go to library early while
others join study being late. Early students get free seats while those who are late search for a seat
for a long period of time and may or may not get the seat. This is tiresome and time consuming
which makes students‟ schedule disordered and lose their time management system. Therefore
there must be the counting system to count students entering and leaving the gate and display
number of seats available free on the gate of library. In addition to this when the temperature is
increases beyond the normal level when the number of students entering is large; it is no
comfortable for study. Therefore, there must be requiring automatic monitoring for the
temperature. To solve the above stated problem there may exist manual counting, which is difficult,
tiresome and in accurate. To avoid these we designed a system that count students entering and
leaving, and display the total number of seats left free in library. The system uses passive infrared
sensors to detect each students entering and leaving to the library. Arduino microcontroller to
display number of seats free on LCD display unit by subtracting total number of students leaved
from those entering.
3. Objectives
3.1. General Objective
Design and implementation of displaying free seats available and monitor the room temperature in
library.
3.2 Specific Objective
 To know how infrared sensors detect person entering and leaving a library.
 To know how to interface infrared sensors with Arduino microcontroller. .
 To know how to interface liquid crystal display with Arduino microcontroller.
4. Significance of the project
The design and simulation of automatic light controller for library with visitor counter is used to
develop a smart system which provide energy efficient and automatically controlled room lighting
in library, in addition to it help us to count the number of person present in the library. This project
up on completion and successful implementation play a crucial role in:

10. 3
 In library where the capacity of room is limited and should not be exceeded by displaying
the actual number of persons inside the room.
 Comfortable condition for study
 Small and light weight design allows installation on virtually any surface
 Display counters equipped with screens showing count values
 Valuable tool to manage student’s time.
5. Scope of the project
This project has the following goals
 To provide reliable and high quality light controlling system for libraries.
 It will minimize the time and energy loss of human to turn on and off the light.
6. Literature review
Before the advancement of information systems, counting of person passing through a location
used to been done manually. The room appliances are still mostly controlled manually in most
parts of the world that often leads to power wastage in case of personal negligence. With the
innovation in technology, many electronic systems such as bidirectional visitors‟ counters and
automatic appliance controllers have been developed to keep check of the visitors visiting a hall
and controlling the lights of that room. The heart of these counters is a microcontroller that counts
the seats up and down using output from an IR sensor. These sensors consist of an IR
transmitter/receiver (TX/RX) pair. The design can be quite simple for two door systems. Where
one door is dedicated for entering and the other for leaving. One sensor monitors for the person
entering and the other one monitors the person leaving the room. But the design becomes more
challenging for single door systems where all the persons are entering and leaving through the
single channel [3]. The conventional systems employ IR transmitter receiver pair, each installed
on opposing sides of the door. In comparison to the older systems, we have used practically
applicable PIR sensors rather than ordinary IR sensors. Typical IR sensors used by earlier
developers, have much limited range. They can be used to successfully develop a model of sensing
range of a few centimeters to inches. However, for practical application on several feet wide doors,
PIR sensors are the best choice that we have used in our design. However, the idea was generated
based on a similar technique used for bidirectional Visitor Counter with automatic room light
controller by using Arduino Uno. Two-way visitor counter based on microcontrollers and designed

11. 4
and presented to count visitors to an auditorium, room, offices, shopping centers, sports venues,
etc. The system counts both the incoming and outgoing visitor of the auditorium or room or other
place where it is placed. A counter that can change its state in any direction, under the control of
an ascending selector input, is known as an up counter. It can be used to count the number of
people entering a room in the upstairs mode at the front door. In the descent mode, you can count
the number of people leaving the room reducing the count at the exit door. It can also be used on
the doors of parking areas and other public places. This circuit is divided into three parts: sensor,
controller and counter [4].
7. Methodology
 We will work for this problem select and collect components(required materials )
 Select and collect the reading materials that used to for the project.
 Design and analysis the mathematical model and simulation
The system consists of an Arduino microcontroller, which acts as a controller for every
component which is used. The microcontroller is connected to a LCD, an infrand sensor, a
buzzer, a DC motor, a LED and is powered by a DC power supply of 5 volts. As soon as the
system is ON, the LCD displays. This project started with getting idea and concept automatic
monitoring and displaying free seats available in the library and reading some literature reviews.
The methodology of the project includes a different number works that are done to achieve the
goal of the system. The flow chart which is representing the working methodology of the
project is shown in the figure below.

12. 5
YES
Figure 1 flow chat project plan
Block Diagram: To describe the material input and output of the system like PIR sensor is an
input that used to detect the movement of human being within a certain range of the sensor is called
as PIR sensor or passive infrared sensor. PIR sensor detects the infrared light radiated by a warm
object. It consists of pyro electric sensors which introduce changes in their temperature (due to
incident infrared radiation) into electric signal. and also Temperature Sensors measure the amount
of heat energy or even coldness that is generated by an object or system, allowing us to “sense” or
Start
Literature view
Problem Identification
Circuit diagram
System design
Simulation
Program
(code
Test and Implementation
end

13. 6
detect any physical change to that temperature producing either an analogue or digital output.
Temperature sensors are used in several applications namely AC system environmental controls,
medical devices, food processing units, chemical handling, controlling systems, automotive under
the hood monitoring and etc. The different kinds of sensors are categorized by the sensing capacity
of the sensor as well as the range of applications
Figure 2 Block diagram of automatic monitoring and displaying free seats available in library

14. 7
8. Project Work Plan
NO Activity MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
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1
W
2
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3
W
4
W
1
W
2
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3
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4
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1
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2
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3
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1 Collectio
n of
literature



2 Study of
literature
 
3 Analysis
of
proposed
scheme
4 Preparati
on of
scheme
5 Proteus
simulatio
n`
6 Result
formatio
n
7 Final
write
documen
tation
Table 1 project of work plan

15. 8
9. Cost Budget of The Project
NO Material quantity Unit price(in birr Total cost
1 Arduino 1 1500-2000 2000
2 PIR Sensor 2 250 500
3 Temperature
sensor
3 1000 3000
4 Motor 500 500
5 LCD 1 375-500 500
6 Bread boord 1 2100 2100
7 Jumper Cable
8 total 8600
Table 2 cost budget of the project

16. 9
10. References
[1] Teki.Naga. Padmaja, Tejavath. Renuka, Anantha. Sushmitha.Srilakshm, Temperature
Monitoring System, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)4, ,
April –2013.
[2] Matta S. and Mahmud S, An intelligent light control system for power saving, In the
proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , 2010.
[3] Niu M. and Qin H, Design of LED street lamps intelligent control system based on PIC
microcontrolle, IJEEE, 2012.
[4] J. G, Microcontroller-based Bidirectional Visitor Counter, IEEE, 2008.