Juan Antonio Garzón talk about the Trasgo detector. Helsinki, October 2009.

1. An Innovative Detector for the measurement of
High Energy Cosmic Rays
J.A. Garzón Heydt. Univ. Santiago de Compostela
Juanantonio.garzon@usc.es
M. A. López Agüera. Univ. Santiago de Compostela

2. Research Project : New lines of work
Proyecto
Project
Meiga

3. TRASGO Project : The concept
~900mm
The Trasgo is an innovative detector
based on timing RPCs suitable for
measuring high energy particles with timing,
tracking and some particle identification
capabilities.
Main ingredients:
- timing RPCs, affordable to cover big surfaces ~900mm DAQ Electronics
Network
and with time resolution ~100ps.
- TimTrack: Fast tracking algorithm with capability
of reconstructing the space coordinates and Power supplies
direcions, velocity and time arrival (TimTrack)
- MIDAS: Some capability of separate cosmic RPC
muons, electrons and protons by a multisampling chamber
method Modular design
(Midas)
- GSI-TRB The GSI-TRB Data Acquisition board
with capability of reading 128 FEE channels
(Aproximate layout)

4. TRASGO Project : Ingredients. The timing RPC
T’ readout
Strip or Cell
Proposed RPC cells properties:
Simplification of the HADES RPC design:
Chamber
T readout
1 readout channel
- 2-gap cells with alternate glas-aluminum-glas plates Plane
- 0.3mm gap width
- Planes with 4 chambers of ~20cmx80cm
- Standard gas mixture: Freon-SF6-Ibutane, 85/10/5 Chamber detail
Main RPC requirement:
- Time resolution < 100ps Isolating
Cover HV
Glas Strip Gas flow
Al
Glas
Chamber side view
Cell
13 HADES RPC cells and FEE electronics ready for tests

5. TRASGO Project : Ingredients. TimTrack
TimTrack is a fast LSM algorithm for the
tracking of charged particles providing:
- Particle arrival position and slopes
(X0,X’,Y0,Y’)
- Particle arrival time (T0)
- Particle velocity (V)
We call SAETA (Smallest ArrangEment of daTA)
each set of the 6 parameters (direction, offset time
and velocity) provided by the algorithm DAQ
and
Power Supplies

6. TRASGO Project : Ingredients. TimTrack
Analytical LSM fit of tracks providing 6 parameters: X0,X’,Y0,Y’,T0,V
X
T2 T’2
T’1
E2
Z
X’
X0 Z2
T0,V
Y’
T1 Z1
Y0 E1 Y
Data: Ei, Ti, Ti’ k coefficients: Dependent on the layout
Parameters: X0,X’,Y0,Y’,T0,V a coefficients: Dependent on the data

7. TRASGO Project : Ingredients. TimTrack
Trasgo’s resolutions (β=1. Units: ps, cms and radians)
1 TRB / 128 channels 2 TRBs / 256 channels
δtRPC Planes/Trasgo
δT0 δv/v(%) δx δx’ δT0 δv/v(%) δx δx’
4 70 7 9.4 0.03 70 7 5.4 0.02
200ps 6 58 5 9.9 0.04 58 5 6.0 0.02
8 50 6 10 0.04 50 6 6.5 0.02
35 3.6 7.1 0.024 35 3.6 4.7 0.02
4
30 3.1 6.9 0.025 30 3.1 5.0 0.02
100ps 6
25 3 6.4 0.024 25 3 5.1 0.02
8

8. TRASGO Project : Ingredients. MIDAS MIDAS
MIDAS: Multisampling IDentification of pArticles
MIDAS performs a comparative analysis of fit quality and velocity
Muon Electron
Time delay and Chi2 analysis
Simulation done with Matlab/Octave including:
- Multiple scattering [PDG]
- Energy loss (Bethe Bloch)
- Detector resolution

9. Mean Flux of Cosmic Rays at the Sea Level
(I: Flux in m-2s-1sr-1, R: Range in cm-Pb)
Electrons Muons Protons Photons
EGeV
I ∆I I ∆I β I ∆I β I ∆I
0.1 6 99 0.87 1.9 0.43 8
5 13 1 6.9
0.5 1 86 0.986 0.9 0.76 1.1
0.6 17 0.4 0.7
1 0.4 69 0.996 0.5 0.87 0.4
0.3 23 0.25 0.3
2 0.1 46 0.999 0.25 0.95 0.1
0.08 26 0.15 0.08
5 0.02 20 0.9998 0.1 0.987 0.02
11.4
10 8.6 0.99995 0.03 0.996

10. Trasgo. Ingredients: The GSI-TRB (Tdc Readout Board)
Optical link to other TRBs
ETRAX Processor
Data Input
4x32 channels
Buffer memories
FPGA
(Board controller) Link to external
computer
Ethernet (100MBits/s)
4 x 32ch/HPTDCs
(4xFPGAs in future versions)

11. Trasgo. Ingredients: The GSI-TRB (Tdc Readout Board)
RPC signals
DB
Acquisition board
DB MB
DB TRB External
HADES RPC cells
DB
Computer
Ethernet
Twisted pair
flat cables
DB
MB
General Layout of the Data Acqujsition in HADES and TRASGO

12. Trasgo. Ingredients: The GSI-TRB (Trigger & Readout Board)
Hades experiment, RPC Test with cosmics at GSI

13. Research Project : New lines of work
Meiga
Proyecto
Project

14. E=1015eV The Primary Cosmic Rays
E=1020eV
1 Particle/m2.year Fluxes 1 Particle/Km2.century
E=1018eV
1 Particle/Km2.year

15. Primary Cosmic Rays: Energy and Mass
Knee
[CCOU02]
The scatter of points on a plot of the average logarithm of the nuclear
mass number of the primary cosmic rays versus energy clearly shows
the need for more input from accelerators.

16. Secondary Cosmic Rays: Composition

17. MEIGA facility
(Multipurpose particlE Identifying trasgOs Array)
MEIGA is an array to test the Trasgos performances measuring Cosmic Ray showers around de
Knee.
1st. stage MEIGA-1 to be installed in the Campus with ~ 10 Trasgos (3 years)
Trasgos

18. MEIGA facility: Data acquisition structure
4
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
?
7
8

19. Meiga facility: Some multiplicity estimates

20. TRASGO and MEIGA capabilities for Cosmic Ray Physics
EAS Characterization:
- Lateral distribution measurement
- Multiplicity and density measurement
- Time and spatial structure of the shower
- Some identification of particles
Possible tasks of interest for Astroparticle Physics (MEIGA2 and further):
- Sistematic shower measurement: structure, rate….
- Time structure of nucleons: i.e. EPOS model and others
- Analysis of the front of the EAS: L. Cazón model
- Calibration of Cherenkov tanks of P. Auger South and North?
Advantages / Disadvantages of Trasgos
Cons:
- High ratio Price/Volume or Price/Surface
- High power consumption: To big photovoltaic cells needed (1st. stage)
Pros:
-Multiparametric data: strong interpolation capabilities (needs enough density)
- Good for testing simulation packages
- Some Identification of particles: electrons/muons/protons
- Modular. Easily extendable and portable
- Infrastructure developed for Trasgos could be easily extended to other purposes/detectors

21. MEIGA-2 with 36 TRASGOS
MEIGA-2 Compared to Kascade
- Possible extension of MEIGA-2 with
P. Auger tanks
(Possible use of MEIGA-2 for the analysis
of the performances of the P. Auger tanks

22. Temptative Trasgo and Meiga shedule
1st stage (3 years) 2nd stage
Timing RPCs cells 2 gaps / 200 ps 2 gaps / 100ps / Sealed
FEE Electronics HADES FEE Low consum upgrading
Tracking TimTrack TimTrack
Implementation in FPGAs Implementation in GPUs
Particle Identification MIDAS MIDAS + Particle Probability
Data Acquisition TRB/HPTDCs TRB/FPGA (GSI)
Shower reconstruction First naïve version Shower reconstruction
Software development
Meiga ~ 10 Trasgos 20 – 50 Trasgos
Meiga Low density Medium/High Density

23. The Meiga Collaboration
- The Meiga Collaboration -
List of representatives
-Univ. of Santiago de Compostela / Spain
-J. Díaz Bruguera: G. Arquitectura de Ordenadores / Dept. Electronics
-V. Pérez Muñuzuri: G. Meteogalicia / Dept. Materia Condensada
-J.A. Garzón Heydt: G. LabCAF / Dept. Particle Physics
-E. Zas Arregui: G. Astroparticle Physics / Dept. Particle Physics
-Univ. Coruña / Spain
-A. Yañez Casal: G. Aplicaciones Industriales del Laser / E. Politénica de Ferrol
-Univ. Vigo / Spain
-A. Ulla Miguel: G. Astronomía y Astrofísica / Dept. Física Aplicada
-LIP-Coimbra / Portugal
-P. Fonte: RPCs development group
-Engineering Company
-R. Lorenzo: Tecnociencia / Ames- Spain

24. TRASGO DEVELOPMENT: TASKS DISTRIBUTION
- Trasgo design: labCAF/USC
- tRPCs development: labCAF/USC +LIP/Coimbra
- Electronica FEE: labCAF/USC
- TRB modifications: labCAF/USC, G. Arquitectura de Ordenadores/USC + GSI
- Tracks reconstruction Software : labCAF/USC
- Trasgo box design and manufacturing: G. Aplicaciones del laser: E. Politecnica-Ferrol/UDC
- Power supply development: G. Astropartículas/USC + TecnoCiencia
- MonteCarlo development: GAstroparticulas/USC + labCAF/USC
- Data Analysis: G. Astroparticulas/USC + labCAF/USC
- C.Rays-Climate correlations analysis : G. Astronomia y Astrofísica/ U.Vigo :
S. MeteoGalicia/USC-Xunta de Galicia

25. Trasgo-Meiga Project. Summary of Benefits
-- Development of a new technology detector:
-
-- Analysis of Cosmic Rays around de Knee
- - Test of new technologies useful for HEP and N. Physics
- - TimTrack:
- - MIDAS:
-- Development of a small facility in the campus of the U. Santiago de
-Compostela
-- 1st. step of a bigger hybrid (+ some P. Auger tanks or other
- detectors) facility? Possible seed of a new CR facility in elsewhere
- (F.ex. H.E. Gamma Array in Pirenees or S. Nevada) ?
- Other fields: Climate studies, Muon reconstruction improvement in HEP
Spectrometers, CR dosimetry in Computing centers …
- - Training of Ph.D and PostDocs in the development of detectors and new
- technologies and techniques related with the detection, measurement
- and reconstrucion and analysis of EAS

26. THE END
Somewhere over the rainbow,
skies are blue
And the dreams that you dare to dream ,
really do come true
(The Wizard of Oz)