This is a short sketch of 1) WordNet-Affect, 2) its version integrated to the OCC model of emotions, 3) its use on affect recognition from text, and 4) its application on automated kinetic typography.

1. WORDNET WORDNET-AFFECT WORDNET-AFFECT-OCC AFFECTIVE WEIGHT AFFECTIVE TEXT ANIMATION
Introduction to
WordNet-Affect
Alessandro Valitutti
University College Dublin
November 7, 2016

2. WORDNET WORDNET-AFFECT WORDNET-AFFECT-OCC AFFECTIVE WEIGHT AFFECTIVE TEXT ANIMATION
OUTLINE
WORDNET
WORDNET-AFFECT
WORDNET-AFFECT-OCC
AFFECTIVE WEIGHT
AFFECTIVE TEXT ANIMATION

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WORDNET
WordNet is an on-line lexical database widely used by
researcher in NLP
Its design is inspired by psycholinguistic theories of
human lexical memory
English nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are organized
into sets of synonyms (called synsets), each representing an
underlying lexical concept
A number of semantic relations was defined as
associations between pairs of synsets

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WORDNET-AFFECT
(STRAPPARAVA AND VALITUTTI, 2004):
WordNet-Affect is an “affective” extension of WordNet
A subset of WordNet synsets containing words denoting
emotions (i.e., direct affective words) or indirectly referring
to emotions (i.e., indirect affective words) are annotated by
semantic labels (called a-labels)
Indirect affective words in WordNet-Affect refer to
affective states different from emotions (i.e., moods,
personality traits, behaviors, etc.)
There are no a-labels used to tag emotional connotation
(e.g. insults or exclamations)

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A-LABELS AND SOME EXAMPLES
Freely available (for research purposes) at URL
wndomains.itc.it

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EMOTIONAL HIERARCHY
Screenshots from the homepage of EUROSENTIMENT
EU Project:
www.gsi.dit.upm.es/ontologies/wnaffect/#overview

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POLARITY TAGGING AND INHERITANCE
All emotions in the hierarchy (and corresponding synsets)
are characterized by a specific value of polarity:
Positive emotions (joy#1, enthusiasm#1)
Negative emotions (fear#1, horror#1)
Ambiguous emotions, when the valence depends on the
context (surprise#1)
Neutral emotions, when the synset is considered affective
but not characterized by valence (indifference#1)
Polarity is inherited along the hierarchy

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STATIVE VS. CAUSATIVE
Synsets with Part of Speech noun, verb and adverb are
tagged as either stative or causative
A word is said causative if it refers to some emotion that is
caused by the related subject (e.g. “amusing movie”)
A word is is said stative if it refers to the emotion owned or
felt by the related subject (e.g. “cheerful/happy boy”).

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WORDNET-AFFECT-OCC
(VALITUTTI AND STRAPPARAVA, 2010):
It is a next version of WordNet-Affect in which the
emotional hierarchy is integrated with the
Ortony-Clore-Collins (OCC) model of emotions, widely
employed in computational applications.
According to this model, emotions are classified according
to some categories typically employed in the appraisal
process
The main categories are: events, objects, and actions

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WNA-OCC: EVENTS

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WNA-OCC: ACTIONS

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WNA-OCC: OBJECTS

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AFFECTIVE WEIGHT
(STRAPPARAVA ET AL., 2006):
WordNet-Affect provides the representation of direct
affective words
We used Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to measure the
semantic relatedness between direct affective words and
indirect affective words in terms of cosine distance in the
normalized LSA space
Each emotion in the hierarchy is represented as a vector in
the LSA space
The affective weight of a generic word is obtained
measuring the cosine distance between the corresponding
word vector and all emotion vectors and selecting the
emotion with highest semantic relatedness
Bellegarda (2010) developed a version of affective weight
where emotion vectors are not built from WordNet-Affect
lexicon but from a list of emotion words automatically
extracted from a textual corpus

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LSA SPACE
Semantic relatedness: cosine among vectors

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AN EXAMPLE: University

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AFFECTIVE WEIGHT OF NEWS TITLES

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AFFECTIVE TEXT ANIMATION
(Strapparava et. al, 2007): example of use of
WordNet-Affect in a creative generative task
Through automatic detection of the affective meaning of
texts, it is possible to animate the words that compose
them
Idea: linking the automatic creation of text animation to
the lexical semantic content (in particular to the affective
meaning)
Use of affective weight for identifying the word with the
highest emotional relatedness and generation of a
corresponding animation

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AFFECT DETECTION AND TEXT ANIMATION
MAIN STEPS:
1. Recognize the emotional category of the headline
2. Mark the words that are closer to that emotion
3. Assign the proper affective animation to each word
4. Generate a comprehensive animation script, and display
the animated title

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GENERATION OF “Anger”
Each emotion category in Wordnet-Affect was annotated with
an appropriate textual animation

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REFERENCES
WordNet-Affect:
C. Strapparava and A. Valitutti. WordNet-Affect: an Affective Extension of WordNet.
4th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC
2004). May 26-28, Lisbon, 2004
WordNet-Affect-OCC:
A. Valitutti and C. Strapparava. Interfacing WordNet-Affect with OCC model of
emotions. Third International Workshop on EMOTION 2010 - Corpora for
research on Emotion and Affect, pp. 16-19, 23 May 2010, Valletta, Malta
Affective Weight:
C. Strapparava and A. Valitutti and O. Stock. The Affective Weight of Lexicon.
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Language Resources and
Evaluation, Genoa, Italy, May 2006
Jerome R. Bellegarda (2010). Emotion Analysis Using Latent Affective Folding and
Embedding. Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Computational
Approaches to Analysis and Generation of Emotion in Text, pages 19, Los
Angeles, California, June 2010
Text animation based on Affective Weight:
C. Strapparava, A. Valitutti, and O. Stock. Dances with words. Accepted at the
20th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-07), pp.
17191724, Hyderabad, India, 6-12 January 2007.

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If you have any questions or need any further information,
please feel free to contact me at the following email address:
alessandro.valitutti@gmail.com