The document discusses Wordnet-Affect, an extension of Wordnet that adds affective information. It was built by manually adding affect labels and information to 1903 terms, then projecting this information to Wordnet synsets. The extension was done semi-automatically using Wordnet relations. Possible applications of Wordnet-Affect include sentiment analysis, verbal expressiveness for conversational agents, and computer-assisted creativity. In general, affective computing aims to enable computers to perceive and express emotion and can be applied in areas like adaptive entertainment and modifying environments.

1. Paper Presentation
Wordnet Affect by
Carlo Strapparava, Alessandro Valitutti
Sagar Ahire [133050073]

2. Roadmap
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Introduction to Affective Computing
Introduction to Wordnet-Affect
Process of Building Wordnet-Affect
Possible Applications

3. Roadmap: We Are Here
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●
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Introduction to Affective Computing
Introduction to Wordnet-Affect
Process of Building Wordnet-Affect
Possible Applications

4. Affective Computing
● Refers to processing of “emotions”
● Enables computers to perceive and/or
express affect
● Does NOT refer to:
○ Creating emotional computers
○ Introducing unreliability/unpredictability in computers

5. Need of Affective
Computing
● Importance of emotion to humans
● Vast wealth of information conveyed via
emotions [Sentic Modulation]
○ Body language
○ Facial expressions
○ Voice cues
● Ability to enhance communication with
computers

6. Need of Affective
Computing
● Importance of emotion to humans
● Vast wealth of information conveyed via
emotions [Sentic Modulation]
○ Body language
○ Facial expressions
○ Voice cues
● Ability to enhance communication with
computers

7. Need of Affective
Computing
● Importance of emotion to humans
● Vast wealth of information conveyed via
emotions [Sentic Modulation]
○ Body language
○ Facial expressions
○ Voice cues
● Ability to enhance communication with
computers

8. Types of Affective
Computers
Cannot Express
Can Express
Cannot Perceive
Most computers today
Use of smileys, etc
Can Perceive
Teaching computers
Maximally user-friendly*
* Does NOT imply being driven by emotion
blue = Open Research Areas

9. Roadmap: We Are Here
●
●
●
●
Introduction to Affective Computing
Introduction to Wordnet-Affect
Process of Building Wordnet-Affect
Possible Applications

10. Wordnet-Affect
● Linguistic resource for affect
● Wordnet-Affect = Wordnet + Affect
Information

11. Need of Wordnet-Affect
● Haphazard process of selecting emotion
words
● Lack of emotion features
● Need of distinguishing different senses of
the same word

12. Affect Information
● A-label
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○
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Joy [joy, elation]
Love [love, worship]
Apprehension [trepidation, foreboding]
Sadness [misery, sorrow]
Surprise [surprise, astonishment]
Apathy [apathy, emotionlessness], etc.
● POSR: Different POS but same emotion
[cheer, cheerful, cheerfulness, cheerfully]

13. Affect Information
● Valence
○
○
○
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Positive
Negative
Ambiguous
Neutral

14. Partial Graph of WN-Affect
root
mental-state
physical-state
cognitive-state
joy
love
worship
situation
...
affective-state
mood
positive-emotion
behaviour
emotion
negative-emotion
...
sadness
neutral-emotion
shame
...
apathy
ambiguousemotion
pensiveness

15. Roadmap: We Are Here
●
●
●
●
Introduction to Affective Computing
Introduction to Wordnet-Affect
Process of Building Wordnet-Affect
Possible Applications

16. Stages in Building
Wordnet-Affect
● Core [Manual]
● Extension [Semi-Automatic]

17. Building Wordnet-Affect:
Core
● Manual resource called Affect created with
1903 terms (not synsets)
● Each term was given associated affect
information
● Information was then projected from the
terms to Wordnet synsets

18. Building Wordnet-Affect:
Extension
● Extension was performed using the following
Wordnet relations (similar to Sentiwordnet):
○
○
○
○
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Direct antonymy
Similarity
Derived from
Pertains to
Attribute
Also see

19. Building Wordnet-Affect:
Extension
● For other relations, similar expansion was
performed, but the synsets had to be filtered
manually.
○ Hypernym of ‘cheer’ is ‘attribute’
○ Hyponym of ‘murder’ is ‘tyrannicide’

20. Roadmap: We Are Here
●
●
●
●
Introduction to Affective Computing
Introduction to Wordnet-Affect
Process of Building Wordnet-Affect
Possible Applications

21. Possible Applications
● Wordnet-Affect in particular
● Affect Computing in general

22. Applications of WordnetAffect
● Computer-Assisted Creativity
○ Automated Personalized Advertisements
● Verbal Expressivity for Conversational
Agents
○ Spoken Tutorials
● Sentiment Analysis
● Affective Text Sensing

23. Applications of WordnetAffect
● Computer-Assisted Creativity
○ Automated Personalized Advertisements
● Verbal Expressivity for Conversational
Agents
○ Spoken Tutorials
● Sentiment Analysis
● Affective Text Sensing

24. Applications of WordnetAffect
● Computer-Assisted Creativity
○ Automated Personalized Advertisements
● Verbal Expressivity for Conversational
Agents
○ Spoken Tutorials
● Sentiment Analysis
● Affective Text Sensing

25. Applications of Affective
Computing
● Adaptive Entertainment
○ Automated DJing / Music concerts
● Expressive E-mail
○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by
encoding affect in written text
● Film Processing & Viewing
○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”
● Environment Modifications
○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc
● Aesthetic Entertainment
○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

26. Applications of Affective
Computing
● Adaptive Entertainment
○ Automated DJing / Music concerts
● Expressive E-mail
○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by
encoding affect in written text
● Film Processing & Viewing
○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”
● Environment Modifications
○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc
● Aesthetic Entertainment
○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

27. Applications of Affective
Computing
● Adaptive Entertainment
○ Automated DJing / Music concerts
● Expressive E-mail
○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by
encoding affect in written text
● Film Processing & Viewing
○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”
● Environment Modifications
○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc
● Aesthetic Entertainment
○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

28. Applications of Affective
Computing
● Adaptive Entertainment
○ Automated DJing / Music concerts
● Expressive E-mail
○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by
encoding affect in written text
● Film Processing & Viewing
○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”
● Environment Modifications
○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc
● Aesthetic Entertainment
○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

29. Applications of Affective
Computing
● Adaptive Entertainment
○ Automated DJing / Music concerts
● Expressive E-mail
○ Avoiding misunderstandings over the internet by
encoding affect in written text
● Film Processing & Viewing
○ “Skip ahead to the interesting part”
● Environment Modifications
○ Temperature, Pressure, Color, etc
● Aesthetic Entertainment
○ Capturing the subjectivity of art

30. Applications of Affective
Computing
● Knowledge Implications
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Emotion Theory
Philosophy
Mental Health
Physical Health

31. Major References
● WordNet-Affect: An Affective Extension of
WordNet by Carlo Strapparava and
Alessandro Valitutti, 2004

32. Other References
● Affective Computing by Picard, 1995; see also
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I, Robot by Isaac Asimov
2001: A Space Odyssey by Arthur Clarke / Stanley Kubrick
● The Affective Weight of Lexicon by Carlo Strapparava,
Alessandro Valitutti, Oliviero Stock, 2006

33. Further Plan
● Lexicon-based Methods in Sentiment Analysis by Maite
Taboada, Julian Brooke, Milan Tofiloski, Kimberly Voll,
Manfred Stede, 2011 - DONE
● Automatic Generation of Lexical Resources for Opinion
Mining by Andrea Esuli (PhD Thesis), 2008