HBAR

1. Responsible
Alcohol Service
HBAR
From “The Bar and Beverage Book”
by C. Katsigris & C. Thomas
Presented by Mervyn Maico Aldana, Faculty
CHTM

2. • “Just as important as encouraging guests
to enjoy their beverages, it is the role of
sellers and servers of alcohol in
safeguarding their clientele from
unpleasant and potentially dangerous,
medical and legal effects of excessive
alcohol consumption.”

3. • Promoting responsible alcohol service is
good business for many reasons.
– We can help reduce the number of deaths
and accidents; we protect not only our
customers but the entire community
– We protect our reputation
– We protect each employee

4. Alcohol
• Found in beer, liquor and wine – ethanol
• Is a form of drug – a depressant or a
tranquilizer

5. Alcohol
• In moderate doses – beneficial effects:
– Relaxation
– Stimulate appetite
– Heighten pleasure
– Provide sense of euphoria (is medically recognized
as a mental and emotional condition in which a person
experiences intense feelings of well-being, elation, happiness,
excitement, and joy.)

6. Alcohol
• In larger doses, it becomes toxic – a form
of poison.

7. Alcohol
• The body does
not digest alcohol
the way it digests
food.

8. Alcohol
• Rather than entering the
digestive system, it passes
thru the wall of the stomach
or small intestine directly
into the bloodstream.
• An alcoholic drink taken on
empty stomach empties
itself into the bloodstream
within 20 minutes.

9. Alcohol
• If there is food in the stomach, the transfer
is delayed especially if the foods contain
fats, such as cheese, meats, eggs and
milk.
• Carbonated drinks, on the other hand
speed the transfer.

10. Alcohol
• By way of the bloodstream, alcohol travels
through the body wherever there is water:
to the brain, lungs, kidney, heart, liver until
it is broken down into carbon dioxide and
water.

11. Path of Alcohol in the Body

12. Alcohol and the Human Body
• The liver metabolizes
about 90 percent of the
alcohol consumed.
• The liver is the organ
most affected by
alcoholism, since it is the
first defense organ when
attempting to disperse
the alcohol.

13. Alcohol and the Human Body
• The remaining 10 percent is eliminated
thru the lungs and in urine
• The alcohol reaches the brain within a
few minutes of entering the bloodstream

14. Alcohol and the Brain
• Alcohol’s effect on the
brain is the key to both
the pleasures and the
problems with alcohol
consumption.
• The first effect of
alcohol is to stimulate
pleasant feelings and
overall relaxation.

15. Alcohol and the Brain
• As drinking continues, the concentration of
alcohol in both the bloodstream and brain
increases:
– diminishing inhibitions and judgment
– making the drinker more gregarious(fond of
company; sociable.) and expansive (relaxed
and genially frank and communicative.)
– but less able to accurately perceive reality.

16. Alcohol and the Brain
• As intoxication takes over brain function:
– Impairs motor ability
– Muscle coordination
– Reaction time
– Eyesight
– Night vision
– (all normal skills needed by drivers to go
home safely)

17. Alcohol and the Brain
• It does not take a great number of drinks
to reach intoxication; drinking coffee to
“sober up” do not have an impact on blood
alcohol content.

18. Intoxication
• Intoxication is measured
by the percentage of
alcohol in the blood.
• The typical definition of
intoxication used to be a
blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) of
0.10 percent, but it has
been lowered to 0.08
percent.

19. Intoxication
• The size of the person affects his or her
blood alcohol level.
• The heavier a person’s body weight, the
lower the percent of his or her blood
alcohol.
• This is because alcohol mixes with the
water in the body.

20. Intoxication
• Women, who naturally have less water
and a higher percentage of body fat than
men, tend to have higher blood alcohol
contents than men of similar height and
weight.
• Alcohol is more highly concentrated in the
women’s bodies than the men’s.

21. Top 20 countries based on annual
beer-drinking for adults per capita
• Czech Republic: 9.43
• Ireland: 9.24
• Swaziland: 7.48
• Germany: 7.26
• Austria: 6.42
• Luxembourg: 6.16
• Uganda: 6.14
• Denmark: 6.02
• United Kingdom: 5.97
• Belgium: 5.90
• Venezuela: 5.69
• Lithuania: 5.53
• Slovakia: 5.34
• Australia: 5.20
• Croatia: 5.16
• Netherlands Antilles: 4.96
• The Netherlands: 4.91
• Finland: 4.89
• United Republic of Tanzania:
4.85
• Gabon: 4.77

22. Top 20 countries based on
annual wine-drinking
• Luxembourg: 9.43
• France: 8.38
• Portugal: 7.16
• Italy: 6.99
• Croatia: 6.42
• Switzerland: 6.23
• Argentina: 5.63
• Spain: 5.07
• Bermuda: 4.95
• Greece: 4.78
• Denmark: 4.57
• Austria: 4.47
• Hungary: 4.47
• Uruguray: 4.35
• Germany: 3.38
• Romania: 3.37
• Chile: 3.25
• French Polynesia: 3.10
• Bulgaria: 3.05
• Republic of Korea: 2.99

23. Alcohol and Human Health
• Studies say: moderate drinking moderate
amounts of alcohol are good for humans.

24. Alcohol and Human Health
• Moderate drinking:
– 12 ounces of beer at 5%
alcohol content
– 4 ounces of wine at 12%
alcohol content
– 1 ¼ ounces of distilled spirit
at 40% alcohol content (80
proof)
– 1 ounce of distilled spirit at
50% alcohol content (100
proof)

25. Moderate Drinking
• Health experts say that one drink for
women and two drinks for men is
considered moderate intake.

26. Red wine and Health
• Red wine appears to
promise for reducing
inflammation, fighting
bacteria and even
cancer.
• Moderate drinking
leads to lower incidence
of heart disease

27. Wine and Health
• Wine contains phenolic compounds, part
of what gives grapes their color, known as
tannins.
• Tannins are antioxidants. Antioxidants
break down bad cholesterol and help
prevent clogging of arteries and blood
clots that can lead to strokes.

28. Wine and Health
• Antioxidants are
also proven to be
effective at
inhibiting some
types of cancer

29. Wine and Health
• Resveratrol is the primary
antioxidant in wine.
• It is a flavonoid (a
substance the gives fresh
fruit and vegetables their
colors), a component of
grape skins that grapevines
make naturally in response
to stress, lack of nutrients,
or fungal infections.

30. Wine and Health
• Red wines contain more resveratrol than
white wines simply because of the way
they are made; the color of the grape skin
gives the wine its color.
• Recent studies also show that resveratrol
also works a Caloric Restriction.

31. Wine and Health
• In other studies, moderate wine
consumption also appears to be linked to
increased bone density in older women.
• Wine also has anti-inflammatory effects.

32. Alcohol’s Effect on the Heart
and Brain
• Ethanol, the alcohol in alcoholic
beverages raises HDL (high-density
lipoprotein) levels in the bloodstream
which prevents heart diseases.
• Ethanol also contains t-PA antigen, which
prevents chronic internal blood clots,
which takes effect within hours of alcohol
consumption.

33. Alcohol’s Effect on the Heart
and Brain
• The darker the beer, the better it might be
for the heart; darker brews contain more
blood-clotting prevention, which is a result
of the flavonoids darker beer contains.

34. Alcohol’s Effect on the Heart
and Brain
• BUT, heart attack and stroke preventions
from moderate drinking are relatively small
and they are offset by the greater risks of
drinking too much.
– Heart disease
– Cancer
– Liver problems
– Higher chance of violent death

35. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• Brain cells are particularly sensitive to
alcohol exposure.
• The 1st
part of the brain to be exposed is
the frontal lobe, where judgment and
reasoning takes place.

36. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• After more drinks, the vision and speech
centers of the brain are sedated, along
with voluntary muscle control.
• Breathing and heart action are the last to
be affected.

37. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• Some people drink alcoholic beverages as
kind of social anesthetic, to help them
relax or relieve anxiety.
• It is a common mistake that people
consider it as a stimulant, in fact it works
in the body as depressant that sedates
nerve cells.

38. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• At least 150
medications interact
harmfully with alcohol.

39. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• Source:
• http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Medi
cine/medicine.htm

40. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• Mixing alcohol and medicines can be
harmful. Alcohol, like some medicines,
can make you sleepy, drowsy, or
lightheaded. Drinking alcohol while taking
medicines can intensify these effects. You
may have trouble concentrating or
performing mechanical skills.

41. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• Small amounts of alcohol can make it
dangerous to drive, and when you mix
alcohol with certain medicines you put
yourself at even greater risk. Combining
alcohol with some medicines can lead to
falls and serious injuries, especially
among older people

42. Alcohol/Drug Interactions
• Some medications—including many
popular painkillers and cough, cold, and
allergy remedies—contain more than one
ingredient that can react with alcohol.
Read the label on the medication bottle to
find out exactly what ingredients a
medicine contains. Ask your pharmacist if
you have any questions about how alcohol
might interact with a drug you are taking.

43. Alcohol and Women
• In women, heart disease is
slightly less prevalent than
in men, and when it occurs,
it usually happens later in
life.
• Alcohol has more beneficial
effects for women at midlife
and older than it does for
those in their child-bearing
years.

44. Alcohol and Women
• Though still unproven, alcohol use
contributes to higher breast cancer levels
in women.
• However it also shows women who are
moderate wine drinkers might develop
lower risks of developing ovarian cancer

45. Alcohol and Women
• A woman who is trying to become
pregnant should be aware that heavy
alcohol use by either her or her partner
may impair her ability to conceive at all.

46. Alcohol and Women
• For a woman to drink while pregnant is
risky, the alcohol passes easily through
the placenta into the body of the fetus.
• Drinking during pregnancy can cause a
pattern of physical and mental defects in
the child known as fetal alcohol syndrome
FAS of fetal alcohol effects FAE

47. Alcohol and Women
• The ADA guidelines suggests that if a
mother wants to have a drink, she should
do so after the child is fed or postpone
breastfeeding at least an hour after
consuming the drink. This allows her body
to metabolize the alcohol before she
nurses the infant.

48. Alcohol and Teens
• Research shows that alcohol affects the
developing brains of young people
differently than adult brains.
• Adolescent brains produce more
dopamine, which helps the brain make the
connection between an activity and
pleasure or reward.

49. Alcohol and Teens
• Studies say that the high dopamine level
speeds up the process of addiction,
prompting kids to crave drinking and feel
extreme discomfort without it.

50. Alcohol and Teens
• Teens who begin drinking at age 13 have
a 45% chance of becoming alcohol
dependent
• For those who don’t begin until age 21, the
risk drops to 7%

51. Alcohol and Teens
• Brain plasticity is at its highest in years 10-
15 that is, neurons and their complex
circuitry within the brain are physically
connecting, changing, and growing in
response to learning and new
experiences.

52. Alcohol and Teens
• The more neural connections a person
makes, the smarter and more capable he
or she becomes.

53. Alcohol and Teens
• Alcohol can slow, delay, and distort these
connections; a teen who has alcohol
abuse problems may even have a
significantly smaller hippocampus, the
portion of the brain responsible for
learning and memory.

54. Alcohol and Teens
• More than 2/3 of young people who start
drinking before age 15 also are more likely
to try illegal drugs, making alcohol a
“gateway” substance with potentially
deadly consequences.

55. Alcohol and Aging
• Older adults metabolize alcohol more
slowly than young people
• As the body ages, it loses lean muscle
mass and water content, so the alcohol
reaches a higher concentration than in
younger person’s body.

56. Alcohol and Aging
• Older stomachs do not secrete as many
enzymes to start the breakdown of the
alcohol, which leaves a bigger job for the
liver.
• Blood flows slightly more slowly in older
people, meaning that alcohol is eliminated
from their bodies more slowly.

57. Alcohol and Aging
• Blood alcohol levels are 30 to 40 percent
higher in a senior citizen than in a young
person who consumes the identical
amount of alcohol.

58. Alcohol and Aging
• Older adults tend to have myriad medical
conditions that require prescription
medications.
• An estimated 17 percent of adults over age
60 are alcohol abusers; however they are
sometimes harder to spot because the
symptoms of alcoholism – for example
trembling, sleeping problems, memory loss,
unsteady gait – uncommon to older people

59. Alcohol and Aging
• Healthy seniors who drink in moderation
are less likely to suffer many of the
disabilities that can lead to them losing
their independence.
• Alcohol also improves the blood lipid
profile, decreases the risk of thrombosis
(blood clotting), increases appetite,
improves digestion.

60. Alcohol and Aging
• 37% reduction in dementia
• Double the risk of developing dementia for
the non-drinkers

61. Alcohol and Stress
• Some people to alcohol as a coping
mechanism when they feel their situations
are severe or unavoidable, when they lack
social support or other resources to help
them cope, or when they feel helpless or
hopeless.

62. Alcohol and Cancer
• Medical research indicates increased
levels of liver, esophagus, breast and
mouth related cancers in heavy drinkers.
• Moderate drinkers have less likelihood of
developing polyps in their bowels, which is
a precursor to colon cancer.

63. Alcohol and Cancer
• Medical research indicates increased
levels of liver, esophagus, breast and
mouth related cancers in heavy drinkers.
• Moderate drinkers have less likelihood of
developing polyps in their bowels, which is
a precursor to colon cancer.

64. Alcohol and Cancer
• Research found that moderate drinking
curbed the formation of bacteria that are
thought to cause ulcers in the stomach

65. Alcohol and Nutrition
• 3 Main Components of Alcohol:
– Ethanol
– Simple Carbohydrates
– Glucose and Fructose

66. Alcohol and Nutrition
• 3 Main Roles of Alcohol in Human
Nutrition:
– As food
– As an aid to the absorption of minerals
– As an appetite stimulant

67. Alcohol and Nutrition
• As Food, it is agreed as ingesting “empty
calories”
• Alcohol is not full of vitamins and contains
sugars
• But its not harmful either.

68. Alcohol and Nutrition
• In the stomach, the alcohol in a glass of
wine has the side benefits of helping to
digest food and enhance absorption of
other nutrients from the food, particularly
calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus
and zinc.

69. Alcohol and Nutrition
• Drinking might actually promote fat
storage in the body, particularly in the
central abdominal cavity, thus the “beer
belly”.

70. Alcohol and Nutrition
• Another condition most associated with
alcoholism is even called fatty liver, a
build-up of fat cells retained by the liver
that enlarges and damages it, even with
no symptoms.

72. Anatomy of the Hangover
• Headache, nausea, stomach cramps,
dehydration, and dizziness known as the
hangover.
• A hangover indicates a chemical
imbalance and a milder form of drug
withdrawal.

73. Anatomy of the Hangover
• Congeners are compounds found in
alcoholic beverages that contribute to the
hangover.
• Different types of alcohol have different
congeners, and the more added flavoring
and coloring in a beverage, the higher the
congener content.

74. Hangover
• A byproduct of the overburdened liver,
working hard to metabolize the alcohol, is
a chemical called acetaldehyde, a
probable carcinogen that can damage cell
DNA.
• Some of it gets into the bloodstream,
prompting inflammation.

75. Hangover
• The acetaldehyde, along with congeners,
appear to stimulate the body’s immune
response, much as if it were fighting the
flu or an infection.
• This triggers the release of molecules
cytokines. These tiny culprits produce the
flu-like feelings that come from drinking
too much.

76. Hangover
• Dehydration is perhaps the most serious
of hangover’s side effects.
• Alcohol depresses the body’s production
of anti-diuretic hormones and prompts
greater urine output.
• With the out-go, minerals like the vitamin
B folate are lost that are vital to nerve
function and muscle coordination.

77. Hangover
• Intense thirst after drinking is a signal that
your body needs water and, as you
rehydrate, the common side effects are
headache and nerve pain as the brain
cells swell back to their normal size.

78. Alcoholism and other Drinking
Problems
• Alcoholism’s 4 symptoms
– A craving for alcohol – a strong need or urge
to drink
– A lack of control – not being able to stop
drinking once the person had begun
– Physical dependence – withdrawal symptoms
(shakiness, sweating, nausea, anxiety)
– Increased tolerance – the need to drink
greater amounts of alcohol to feel its effects.

79. Genetic Theory
• Defines alcoholism as the result of a
predisposed reaction to alcohol because of
chromosomes, genes, or hormonal
deficiencies.
• It is medically and scientifically accepted that
a low-threshold response to alcohol is
genetic; so is a person’s ability to drink a lot
without showing the apparent effects and in
fact, the latter is a strong indicator of a
genetic risk for alcoholism.

80. Genetic Theory
• Children of alcoholics are four times more
likely than the general population to
develop alcohol-related problems.

81. Psychological Theory
• Defines alcoholism as a condition in
people who have a preset disposition or
personality that triggers a reaction to
alcohol.

82. Sociological Theory
• Defines alcoholism as a learned response,
that is that addiction happens as a result
of the influences of society.

83. Binge Drinking
• For men, it is defined as the act of
consuming five or more alcoholic
beverages in a single, short time period.
• For women, four or more drinks qualify as
a binge.

84. LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS

85. Dramshop Laws and Third Party
Liability
• Bars, as well as restaurants that serve
alcoholic beverages, should be at least
partially responsible for how the
beverages affect their guests is known as
the Dramshop laws.

86. Dramshop Laws and Third Party
Liability
• Third Party Liability say that the liability for
damages in a drunk driving accident for
instance, should be shared by the driver
who caused it and the server or the
alcoholic beverage licensee who provided
the intoxicating drinks.

87. Laws on drinking alcohol
• The legal drinking age in the Philippines is
18.
Those who sell alcohol to minors will be
penalized.

88. Laws on drinking alcohol
• Banned - Health care establishments like
hospitals, educational buildings like schools,
gov’t offices, public transport
Voluntary - sporting events, leisure events
such as concerts, workplaces, parks, streets,
Allowed - homes, bars and similar
establishments
Some cities have created their own City
Ordinances banning street drinking

89. Laws
• Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving Act of 2013
PD 1619 - Banning the Sale of Alcohol to Mino