3. Segundo a Wikipedia…
“Certain quantities in physics are distributed normally, as was first demonstrated by James
Clerk Maxwell. Examples of such quantities are:
Velocities of the molecules in the ideal gas.

6. http://demonstrations.wolfram.com/TheMaxw
ellSpeedDistribution/

7. The speed
probability density
functions of the
speeds of a
few noble gases at a
temperature of
298.15 K (25 °C).

8. Segundo o livro
Modern theories of gaes represent the equation of state of a gas using a
so-called virial expansion
Segundo a Wikipédia
The classical virial expansion expresses the pressure of a many-particle
system in equilibrium as a power series in the density. The virial
expansion was introduced in 1901 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes as a
generalization of the ideal gas law. He wrote for a gas containing N atoms
or molecules

26. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann_distributio
n
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%E2%80%93Boltzmann_statistics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_distribution
http://physicsofmatter.com/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_theorem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virial_expansion
http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/teaching/sqp