CONTEMPORARY WORLD HISTORY Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States William J. Duiker Th e Pennsylvania State University F I F T H E D I T I O N CONTEMPORARY WORLD HISTORY Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 11 10 09 © 2010, 2007 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Control Number: 2009932937 ISBN-13: 978-0-495-57271-8 ISBN-10: 0-495-57271-3 Wadsworth 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and Japan. Locate your local offi ce at international.cengage.com/region Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Wadsworth, visit www.cengage.com/ wadsworth Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com Contemporary World History, Fifth Edition William J. Duiker Publisher: Suzanne Jeans Senior Sponsoring Editor: Nancy Blaine Senior Development Editor: Margaret McAndrew Beasley Assistant Editor: Lauren Floyd Editorial Assistant: Emma Goehring Senior Media Editor: Lisa Ciccolo Media Editor: Yevgeny Ioff e Senior Marketing Manager: Katherine Bates Marketing Coordinator: Loreen Pelletier Marketing Communications Manager: Christine Dobberpuhl Senior Content Project Manager: Lauren Wheelock Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr Production Technology Analyst: Lori Johnson Print Buyer: Paula Vang Senior Rights Account Manager, Text: Bob Kauser Production Service: Orr Book Services Text Designer: Shawn Girsberger Senior Permissions Account Manager, Images: Robyn Young Photo Researcher: Abigail Baxter Cover Designer: Shawn Girsberger Cover Image: Sao Paulo shanty town, Brazil, South America © David Lomax / Robert Harding (RM) Images / Jupiterimages Compositor: International Typesetting and Composition For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Academic Resource Center, 1-800-423-0563 For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to [email protected] www.cengage.com/wadsworth www.cengage.com/wadsworth www.ichapters.com www.cengage.com/permissions ABOUT THE AUT.

1. CONTEMPORARY
WORLD HISTORY
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain
• United Kingdom • United States
William J. Duiker
Th e Pennsylvania State University
F I F T H E D I T I O N
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD HISTORY
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 13 12 11 10 09
© 2010, 2007 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the
copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or
used
in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical,

2. including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning,
digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or
information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted
under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright
Act,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009932937
ISBN-13: 978-0-495-57271-8
ISBN-10: 0-495-57271-3
Wadsworth
20 Channel Center Street
Boston, MA 02210
USA
Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning
solutions with offi ce locations around the globe, including
Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil and
Japan.
Locate your local offi ce at international.cengage.com/region
Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by
Nelson Education, Ltd.
To learn more about Wadsworth, visit www.cengage.com/
wadsworth
Purchase any of our products at your local college store
or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com
Contemporary World History, Fifth Edition
William J. Duiker
Publisher: Suzanne Jeans

3. Senior Sponsoring Editor: Nancy Blaine
Senior Development Editor:
Margaret McAndrew Beasley
Assistant Editor: Lauren Floyd
Editorial Assistant: Emma Goehring
Senior Media Editor: Lisa Ciccolo
Media Editor: Yevgeny Ioff e
Senior Marketing Manager: Katherine Bates
Marketing Coordinator: Loreen Pelletier
Marketing Communications Manager:
Christine Dobberpuhl
Senior Content Project Manager:
Lauren Wheelock
Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr
Production Technology Analyst: Lori Johnson
Print Buyer: Paula Vang
Senior Rights Account Manager, Text:
Bob Kauser
Production Service: Orr Book Services
Text Designer: Shawn Girsberger

4. Senior Permissions Account Manager, Images:
Robyn Young
Photo Researcher: Abigail Baxter
Cover Designer: Shawn Girsberger
Cover Image: Sao Paulo shanty town, Brazil,
South America © David Lomax / Robert
Harding (RM) Images / Jupiterimages
Compositor: International Typesetting and
Composition
For product information and technology assistance, contact us at
Cengage Learning Academic Resource Center, 1-800-423-0563
For permission to use material from this text or product,
submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions.
Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to
[email protected]
www.cengage.com/wadsworth
www.cengage.com/wadsworth
www.ichapters.com
www.cengage.com/permissions
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
WILLIAM J. DUIKER is liberal arts professor emeritus of East
Asian studies at
Th e Pennsylvania State University. A former U.S. diplomat
with service in Taiwan, South

5. Vietnam, and Washington, D.C., he received his doctorate in
Far Eastern history from
Georgetown University in 1968, where his dissertation dealt
with the Chinese educator and
reformer Cai Yuanpei. At Penn State, he has written extensively
on the history of Vietnam and
modern China, including the highly acclaimed Th e Communist
Road to Power in Vietnam
(revised edition, Westview Press, 1996), which was selected for
a Choice Outstanding
Academic Book Award in 1982–1983 and 1996–1997. Other
recent books are China and
Vietnam: Th e Roots of Conflict (Berkeley, 1987), Sacred War:
Nationalism and Revolution in a
Divided Vietnam (McGraw-Hill, 1995), and Ho Chi Minh
(Hyperion, 2000), which was
nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 2001. He is the author, with
colleague Jackson Spielvogel, of
World History (sixth edition, Wadsworth, 2010). While his
research specialization is in the field
of nationalism and Asian revolutions, his intellectual interests
are considerably more diverse.
He has traveled widely and has taught courses on the history of
communism and non-Western
civilizations at Penn State, where he was awarded a Faculty
Scholar Medal for Outstanding
Achievement in the spring of 1996.
TO MY DAUGHTER CLAIRE,
MAY YOUR SPIRIT SOAR, FREE AND CLEAR.
W.J.D.

6. BRIEF CONTENTS
DOCUMENTS xii
MAPS AND FEATURES xiii
PREFACE xiv
PART I
NEW WORLD IN THE MAKING 1
1 Th e Rise of Industrial Society in the West 2
2 Th e High Tide of Imperialism: Africa and Asia in an Era
of Western Dominance 26
3 Shadows over the Pacifi c: East Asia Under Challenge 47
PART II
CULTURES IN COLLISION 69
4 War and Revolution: World War I and Its Aft ermath 70
5 Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Asia, the Middle
East, and Latin America from 1919 to 1939 95
6 Th e Crisis Deepens: Th e Outbreak of World War II 120
PART III
ACROSS THE IDEOLOGICAL DIVIDE 147
7 East and West in the Grip of the Cold War 148
8 Th e United States, Canada, and Latin America 168
9 Brave New World: Th e Rise and Fall of Communism

7. in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe 190
10 Postwar Europe: On the Path to Unity? 209
11 Toward the Pacifi c Century? Japan and the
Little Tigers 229
PART IV
THIRD WORLD RISING 251
12 Th e East Is Red: China Under Communism 252
13 Nationalism Triumphant: Th e Emergence of Independent
States in South and Southeast Asia 271
14 Emerging Africa 290
15 Ferment in the Middle East 309
PART V
THE NEW MILLENNIUM 331
16 Constructing a New World Order 332
SUGGESTED READING 345
INDEX 352
vi
DOCUMENTS xii
MAPS AND FEATURES xiii

8. PREFACE xiv
PART I
NEW WORLD IN THE MAKING 1
1 THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETY IN THE WEST 2
Th e Industrial Revolution in Great Britain 2
Th e Spread of the Industrial Revolution 3
New Products and New Patterns 3
Toward a World Economy 6
Th e Structure of Mass Society 7
Social Structures 7
Changing Roles for Women 8
Reaction and Revolution: Th e Decline of the Old Order 10
Liberalism and Nationalism 10
Th e Unifi cation of Germany and Italy 12
Roots of Revolution in Russia 12
Th e Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the Balkans 14
Liberalism Triumphant 14
Th e United States and Canada 15
Tradition and Change in Latin America 16
Th e Rise of the Socialist Movement 18
Th e Rise of Marxism 18
Capitalism in Transition 19
Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual
and Cultural Developments 20
Developments in the Sciences: Th e Emergence

9. of a New Physics 20
Charles Darwin and the Th eory of Evolution 20
Sigmund Freud and the Emergence of Psychoanalysis 21
Literature and the Arts: Th e Culture of Modernity 22
FILM & HISTORY
Lust for Life (1956) 23
Conclusion 24
Chapter Notes 25
2 THE HIGH TIDE OF IMPERIALISM:
AFRICA AND ASIA IN AN ERA
OF WESTERN DOMINANCE 26
Th e Spread of Colonial Rule 26
Th e Myth of European Superiority 26
Th e Advent of Western Imperialism 27
Th e Colonial System 28
Th e Philosophy of Colonialism 29
India Under the British Raj 31
Th e Nature of British Rule 32
Th e Colonial Takeover of Southeast Asia 33
Th e Imposition of Colonial Rule 34
Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia 36
Empire Building in Africa 38
Africa Before the Europeans 38
Th e Growing European Presence in West Africa 39
Imperialist Shadow over the Nile 40
Th e Scramble for Africa 40
FILM & HISTORY
Khartoum (1966) 41
Bantus, Boers, and British in South Africa 42

10. Colonialism in Africa 43
Conclusion 45
Chapter Notes 46
3 SHADOWS OVER THE PACIFIC:
EAST ASIA UNDER
CHALLENGE 47
China at Its Apex 47
Changeless China? 47
Traditional China in Decline 49
Opium and Rebellion 49
Th e Taiping Rebellion 50
Eff orts at Reform 51
Th e Climax of Imperialism in China 52
Th e Collapse of the Old Order 53
Chinese Society in Transition 56
Th e Impact of Western Imperialism 56
DETAILED CONTENTS
vii
Daily Life in Qing China 57
Th e Status of Women 57
Traditional Japan and the End of Isolation 58
A “Closed Country” 58
Th e Opening of Japan 58
Rich Country, Strong Army 59
Th e Transformation of Japanese Politics 59

11. Meiji Economics 60
Building a Modern Social Structure 61
Joining the Imperialist Club 61
Japanese Culture in Transition 63
Conclusion 64
Chapter Notes 65
Refl ection Part I 66
PART II
CULTURES IN COLLISION 69
4 WAR AND REVOLUTION: WORLD
WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH 70
International Rivalry and the Coming of War 70
Crises in the Balkans, 1908–1913 71
Th e Road to World War I 72
Th e War 72
Illusions and Stalemate, 1914–1915 72
Th e Great Slaughter, 1916–1917 74
Th e Widening of the War 75
FILM & HISTORY
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) 77
Th e Home Front: Th e Impact of Total War 78
Th e Last Year of the War 79
War and Revolution 79
Th e March Revolution in Russia 80
Th e Bolshevik Revolution 81
Th e Civil War 83
Seeking Eternal Peace 84
Th e Vision of Woodrow Wilson 84
Th e Peace Settlement 84

12. Th e Failure of the Peace 86
Th e Search for Security 86
No Return to Normalcy 87
Th e Great Depression 88
Socialism in One Country 89
Th e Advance to Socialism 90
Th e Search for a New Reality in the Arts 91
New Schools of Artistic Expression 91
Culture for the Masses 93
Conclusion 93
Chapter Notes 94
5 NATIONALISM, REVOLUTION,
AND DICTATORSHIP: ASIA,
THE MIDDLE EAST, AND LATIN
AMERICA FROM 1919 TO
1939 95
Th e Rise of Nationalism in Asia and Africa 95
Traditional Resistance: A Precursor to Nationalism 96
Modern Nationalism 97
Gandhi and the Indian National Congress 99
FILM & HISTORY
Gandhi (1982) 101
Nationalist Ferment in the Middle East 101
Nationalism and Revolution 106
Revolution in China 108
Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy: Th e New Culture
Movement 108
Th e Nanjing Republic 109
Social Change in Republican China 112

13. Japan Between the Wars 113
Experiment in Democracy 113
A Zaibatsu Economy 114
Shidehara Diplomacy 114
Nationalism and Dictatorship in Latin America 115
A Changing Economy 115
Th e Eff ects of Dependency 116
Latin American Culture 117
Conclusion 118
Chapter Notes 119
6 THE CRISIS DEEPENS:
THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD
WAR II 120
Th e Rise of Dictatorial Regimes 120
Th e Birth of Fascism 121
Hitler and Nazi Germany 121
Th e Spread of Authoritarianism in Europe 124
Th e Rise of Militarism in Japan 125
Th e Path to War in Europe 126
Stalin Seeks a United Front 126
Decision at Munich 127
Th e Path to War in Asia 127
A Monroe Doctrine for Asia 128
Tokyo’s “Southern Strategy” 129
viii Detailed Contents
Th e World at War 129
Th e War in Europe 129

14. Th e New Order in Europe 132
War Spreads in Asia 134
Th e New Order in Asia 135
Th e Turning Point of the War, 1942–1943 137
Th e Last Years of the War 138
Th e Peace Settlement 139
Th e Yalta Agreement 139
Confrontation at Potsdam 140
Th e War in the Pacifi c Ends 140
Th e Home Front: Th ree Examples 141
Th e Soviet Union 141
Th e United States 141
Japan 142
Conclusion 142
Chapter Notes 143
Refl ection Part II 144
PART III
ACROSS THE IDEOLOGICAL DIVIDE 147
7 EAST AND WEST IN THE GRIP
OF THE COLD WAR 148
Th e Collapse of the Grand Alliance 148
Th e Iron Curtain Descends 148
Th e Truman Doctrine and the Beginnings of
Containment 149
Europe Divided 150
Cold War in Asia 153
Th e Chinese Civil War 153
Th e Korean War 155
Confl ict in Indochina 157

15. From Confrontation to Coexistence 158
Khrushchev and the Era of Peaceful Coexistence 158
Th e Cuban Missile Crisis and the Move Toward
Détente 160
Th e Sino-Soviet Dispute 160
Th e Second Indochina War 160
FILM & HISTORY
The Missiles of October (1973) 161
An Era of Equivalence 164
An End to Détente? 165
Countering the Evil Empire 166
Toward a New World Order 166
Conclusion 167
Chapter Notes 167
8 THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
AND LATIN AMERICA 168
Th e United States Since 1945 168
An Era of Prosperity and Social Commitment 169
America Shift s to the Right 172
Seizing the Political Center 173
Th e Changing Face of American Society 174
A Consumer Society, a Permissive Society 174
Th e Melting Pot in Action 174
Women and Society 175
Th e Environment 175
Cultural Trends 175
Th e World of Painting 176
New Concepts in Music and Architecture 176
New Trends in Literature 177

16. Popular Culture 177
Science and Technology 178
Canada: In the Shadow of Goliath 179
Democracy, Dictatorship, and Development in Latin
America Since 1945 180
An Era of Dependency 180
Nationalism and the Military: Th e Examples of Argentina
and Brazil 182
Th e Mexican Way 184
Th e Marxist Variant 185
Trends in Latin American Culture 187
Conclusion 188
Chapter Notes 189
9 BRAVE NEW WORLD: THE RISE
AND FALL OF COMMUNISM
IN THE SOVIET UNION AND
EASTERN EUROPE 190
Th e Postwar Soviet Union 190
From Stalin to Khrushchev 190
Th e Brezhnev Years, 1964–1982 193
Ferment in Eastern Europe 197
Unrest in Poland 197
Th e Hungarian Uprising 197
Th e Prague Spring 198
Culture and Society in the Soviet Bloc 199
Cultural Expression 200
Social Changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern

17. Europe 201
Th e Disintegration of the Soviet Empire 202
Th e Gorbachev Era 202
Detailed Contents ix
Eastern Europe: From Soviet Satellites to Sovereign
Nations 203
End of Empire 204
Th e New Russia: From Empire to Nation 204
Conclusion 207
Chapter Notes 208
10 POSTWAR EUROPE: ON THE
PATH TO UNITY? 209
Western Europe: Recovery and Renewal 209
Th e Triumph of Democracy in Postwar Europe 210
Th e Modern Welfare State: Th ree European
Models 212
France 212
West Germany 214
Great Britain 215
FILM & HISTORY
The Lives of Others (2006) 216
Western Europe: Th e Search for Unity 218
Th e Curtain Rises: Th e Creation of the Common
Market 218

18. Th e European Union 218
Th e Fall of the Iron Curtain 219
Europe Reunited 221
Aspects of Society in Postwar Europe 222
An Age of Affl uence 222
Expanding Roles for Women 224
Th e Environment and the Green Movements 225
Aspects of Culture in Postwar Europe 225
Conclusion 227
11 TOWARD THE PACIFIC
CENTURY? JAPAN AND THE
LITTLE TIGERS 229
Japan: Asian Giant 229
Th e Transformation of Modern Japan:
Politics and Government 231
Th e Economy 233
A Society in Transition 235
Religion and Culture 237
South Korea: A Peninsula Divided 239
Th e Korean Model 239
Th e Transition to Democracy 240
Taiwan: Th e Other China 240
Taiwan Under Nationalist Rule 241
Craft ing a Taiwanese Identity 242
Singapore and Hong Kong: Th e Littlest Tigers 243
On the Margins of Asia: Postwar Australia and New
Zealand 245

19. Conclusion 246
Chapter Notes 247
Refl ection Part III 248
PART IV
THIRD WORLD RISING 251
12 THE EAST IS RED: CHINA
UNDER COMMUNISM 252
China Under Mao Zedong 252
New Democracy 252
Th e Transition to Socialism 253
Th e Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 254
FILM & HISTORY
The Last Emperor (1987) 255
China Aft er Mao 256
Th e Four Modernizations 257
Incident at Tiananmen Square 257
Back to Confucius? 259
Serve the People: Chinese Society Under
Communism 261
Th e Politics of the Mass Line 261
Economics in Command 262
China: Th e New Industrial Powerhouse 264
Social Problems 264
China’s Changing Culture 267
Art and Music 268
Literature 268
Conclusion 269
Chapter Notes 270

20. 13 NATIONALISM TRIUMPHANT:
THE EMERGENCE OF
INDEPENDENT STATES IN SOUTH
AND SOUTHEAST ASIA 271
South Asia 271
Th e End of the British Raj 271
Independent India 272
Th e Land of the Pure: Pakistan Since
Independence 275
Poverty and Pluralism in South Asia 276
South Asian Art and Literature Since
Independence 280
Gandhi’s Vision and the Future of India 280
x Detailed Contents
Southeast Asia 281
Th e End of the Colonial Era 281
In the Shadow of the Cold War 282
FILM & HISTORY
The Year of Living Dangerously (1983) 284
Recent Trends: On the Path to Development 285
Regional Confl ict and Cooperation: Th e Rise
of ASEAN 286
Daily Life: Town and Country in Contemporary
Southeast Asia 287
Cultural Trends 288
Conclusion: A Region in Flux 288

21. Chapter Notes 289
14 EMERGING AFRICA 290
Uhuru: Th e Struggle for Independence 291
Colonial Reforms 291
Th e Colonial Legacy 291
Th e Rise of Nationalism 292
Th e Era of Independence 293
Pan-Africanism and Nationalism: Th e Destiny
of Africa 293
Dream and Reality: Political and Economic Conditions
in Independent Africa 295
Th e Search for
Solution
s 297
Sowing the Seeds of Democracy 301
Continuity and Change in Modern African
Societies 301
Education 302
Urban and Rural Life 302
African Women 303

22. African Culture 304
Literature 304
Music 306
Conclusion: Gathered at the Beach 307
Chapter Notes 308
15 FERMENT IN THE MIDDLE
EAST 309
Crescent of Confl ict 309
Th e Question of Palestine 310
Nasser and Pan-Arabism 310
Th e Arab-Israeli Dispute 311
Revolution in Iran 314
Crisis in the Gulf 316
Politics and Society in the Contemporary
Middle East 318
Th e Economics of Oil 318
Th e Islamic Revival 320
Women and Islam 322
Contemporary Literature and Art in the Middle
East 324

23. National Literatures 325
Art and Music 326
Conclusion 326
Chapter Notes 327
Refl ection Part IV 328
PART V
THE NEW MILLENNIUM 331
16 CONSTRUCTING A NEW WORLD
ORDER 332
Aft er the Cold War: Th e End of History? 333
Contemporary Capitalism and Its Discontents 333
Europe: Speed Bumps on the Road to Unity 333
Th e United States: Capitalism Ascendant? 334
Asian Miracle or Asian Myth? 334
Eliminating Poverty 335
From the Industrial to the Technological Revolution 335
A Transvaluation of Values 336
Th e Family 336
Religion 337

24. Th e Role of Technology 337
Th e Impact of Capitalism 338
One World, One Environment 338
Th e Issue of Global Warming 339
Th e Population Debate 340
Global Village or Clash of Civilizations? 340
Th e Future of Liberal Democracy 341
Civilizations at War 341
Globalization: the Pros and the Cons 342
Th e Role of International Organizations 342
Th e Arts: Mirror of the Age 343
Chapter Notes 344
Suggested Reading 345
Index 352
Detailed Contents xi
DOCUMENTS

25. C H A P T E R 1
DISCIPLINE IN THE NEW FACTORIES 9
ESCAPING THE DOLL’S HOUSE 11
THE CLASSLESS SOCIETY 19
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION 21
C H A P T E R 2
WHITE MAN’S BURDEN, BLACK MAN’S SORROW 30
INDIAN IN BLOOD, ENGLISH IN TASTE AND
INTELLECT 33
THE EFFECTS OF DUTCH COLONIALISM IN JAVA 37
C H A P T E R 3
A LETTER OF ADVICE TO THE QUEEN 50
PROGRAM FOR A NEW CHINA 55
A PROGRAM FOR REFORM IN JAPAN 60
C H A P T E R 4
“YOU HAVE TO BEAR THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR WAR
OR PEACE” 73
THE EXCITEMENT AND THE REALITY OF WAR 76

26. ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS! 81
C H A P T E R 5
THE DILEMMA OF THE INTELLECTUAL 98
MUSTAFA KEMAL’S CASE AGAINST THE
CALIPHATE 103
A CALL FOR REVOLT 110
C H A P T E R 6
THE MUNICH CONFERENCE 128
JAPAN’S JUSTIFICATION FOR EXPANSION 130
THE HOLOCAUST: THE CAMP COMMANDANT
AND THE CAMP VICTIMS 134
JAPAN’S PLAN FOR ASIA 137
C H A P T E R 7
WHO LOST CHINA? 156
A PLEA FOR PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE 162
COMBATING THE AMERICANS 163
C H A P T E R 8

27. “I HAVE A DREAM” 171
CASTRO’S REVOLUTIONARY IDEALS 185
C H A P T E R 9
KHRUSHCHEV DENOUNCES STALIN 194
THE BREZHNEV DOCTRINE 199
C H A P T E R 1 0
THE GREAT WALL OF GERMANY 217
TOWARD A UNITED EUROPE 219
C H A P T E R 1 1
THE EMPEROR IS NOT DIVINE 230
GROWING UP IN JAPAN 236
RETURN TO THE MOTHERLAND 245
C H A P T E R 1 2
LAND REFORM IN ACTION 254
STUDENTS APPEAL FOR DEMOCRACY 258
VIEWS ON MARRIAGE 265

28. C H A P T E R 1 3
TWO VISIONS FOR INDIA 273
SAY NO TO MCDONALD’S AND KFC! 278
THE GOLDEN THROAT OF PRESIDENT SUKARNO 283
C H A P T E R 1 4
TOWARD AFRICAN UNITY 294
STEALING THE NATION’S RICHES 296
AN AFRICAN LAMENT 305
C H A P T E R 1 5
ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY 321
KEEPING THE CAMEL OUT OF THE TENT 324
xii
MAPS AND FEATURES
Map 1.1 Th e Industrial Regions of Europe at the end
of the Nineteenth Century 4

29. Map 1.2 Europe in 1871 13
Map 2.1 India Under British Rule, 1805–1931 32
Map 2.2 Colonial Southeast Asia 35
Spot Map Th e Spread of Islam in Africa 39
Spot Map Th e Suez Canal 40
Map 2.3 Africa in 1914 42
Map 2.4 Th e Struggle for Southern Africa 43
Map 3.1 Th e Qing Empire 48
Spot Map Area Under Taiping Rebellion Control 51
Map 3.2 Foreign Possessions and Spheres of Infl uence
About 1900 54
Map 3.3 Japanese Overseas Expansion During the
Meiji Era 62
Map 4.1 Europe in 1914 71
Map 4.2 World War I, 1914–1918 74
Spot Map German Possessions in Africa, 1914 75
Map 4.3 Territorial Changes in Europe and the Middle
East Aft er World War I 85
Spot Map British India Between the Wars 99
Spot Map Th e Middle East in 1923 102
Spot Map Iran Under the Pahlavi Dynasty 104

30. Map 5.1 Th e Northern Expedition and the
Long March 109
Map 5.2 Latin America in the First Half of the
Twentieth Century 116
Spot Map Central Europe in 1939 127
Spot Map Japanese Advances into China, 1931–1938 129
Map 6.1 World War II in Europe and North Africa 131
Map 6.2 World War II in Asia and the Pacifi c 136
Spot Map Eastern Europe in 1948 149
Spot Map Berlin at the Start of the Cold War 150
Map 7.1 Th e New European Alliance Systems During
the Cold War 152
Map 7.2 Th e Chinese Civil War 155
Spot Map Th e Korean Peninsula 157
Spot Map Indochina Aft er 1954 157
Map 7.3 Th e Global Cold War 158
Spot Map Northern Central America 166
Spot Map Quebec 180
Spot Map South America 180
Map 9.1 Th e Soviet Union 191
Spot Map Eastern Europe Under Communist Rule 197

31. Map 9.2 Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet
Union 205
Map 10.1 Territorial Changes in Europe Aft er World
War II 211
Map 10.2 European Union, 2009 220
Map 11.1 Modern Japan 232
Spot Map Th e Korean Peninsula Since 1953 239
Spot Map Modern Taiwan 241
Spot Map Th e Republic of Singapore 243
Spot Map Hong Kong 245
Map 12.1 Th e People’s Republic of China 260
Map 13.1 Modern South Asia 274
Map 13.2 Modern Southeast Asia 282
Map 14.1 Modern Africa 293
Map 15.1 Israel and Its Neighbors 312
Spot Map Iran 315
Map 15.2 Th e Modern Middle East 316
Spot Map Afghanistan 317
Spot Map Iraq 318
MAPS
FILM & HISTORY FEATURES

32. Lust for Life (1956) 23
Khartoum (1966) 41
Lawrence of Arabia (1962) 77
Gandhi (1982) 101
The Missiles of October (1973) 161
The Lives of Others (2006) 216
The Last Emperor (1987) 255
The Year of Living Dangerously (1983) 284
xiii
PREFACE
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY was an era of paradox.
When it began, Western civilization was a patchwork of
squabbling states that bestrode the world like a colossus.
As the century came to an end, the West was prosperous
and increasingly united, yet there were signs global eco-
nomic and political hegemony was beginning to shift to
the East. Th e era of Western dominance had come to an
end. It had been an age marked by war and revolution but

33. also by rapid industrial growth and widespread economic
prosperity, a time of growing interdependence but also of
burgeoning ethnic and national consciousness, a period
that witnessed the rising power of science but also fervent
religiosity and growing doubts about the impact of tech-
nology on the human experience.
Contemporary World History (formerly titled Twentieth-
Century World History) attempts to chronicle the key
events in this revolutionary century and its aft ermath
while seeking to throw light on some of the underlying
issues that shaped the times. Did the beginning of a new
millennium mark the end of the long period of Western
dominance? If so, will recent decades of European and
American superiority be followed by a “Pacific century,”
with economic and political power shift ing to the nations
of eastern Asia? Will the end of the Cold War eventually
lead to a “new world order” marked by global cooperation,
or are we on the verge of an unstable era of ethnic and na-
tional conflict? Why was a time of unparalleled prosperity
and technological advance accompanied by deep pockets
of poverty and widespread doubts about the role of gov-
ernment and the capabilities of human reason? Although
this book does not promise final answers to such ques-
tions, it can provide a framework for analysis and a bet-
ter understanding of some of the salient issues of modern

34. times.
A number of decisions must be made by any author
who seeks to encompass in a single volume the history
of a turbulent century. First in importance is whether
to present the topic as an integrated whole or to focus
on individual cultures and societies. Th e world that we
live in today is in many respects an interdependent one
in terms of economics as well as culture and communi-
cations, a reality that is oft en expressed by the familiar
phrase “global village.” At the same time, the process of
globalization is by no means complete, as ethnic, reli-
gious, and regional diff erences continue to exist and to
shape the course of our times. Th e tenacity of these dif-
ferences is reflected not only in the rise of internecine
conflicts in such divergent areas as Africa, South Asia,
and eastern Europe but also in the emergence in re-
cent years of such regional organizations as the African
Union, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and
the European Union. Political leaders in various parts
of the world speak routinely (if sometimes wistfully)
of “Arab unity,” the “African road to socialism,” and the
“Confucian path to economic development.”
Th e issue also has practical implications. College stu-
dents today are oft en not well informed about the distinc-

35. tive character of civilizations such as China, India, and
sub-Saharan Africa. Without sufficient exposure to the
historical evolution of such societies, students will assume
all too readily that the peoples in these countries have had
historical experiences similar to their own and respond
to various stimuli in a fashion similar to those living in
western Europe or the United States. If it is a mistake to
ignore the forces that link us together, it is equally errone-
ous to underestimate the factors that continue to divide
us and to diff erentiate us into a world of diverse peoples.
My response to this challenge has been to seek a bal-
ance between a global and a regional approach. Some
chapters focus on issues that have a global impact, such
as the Industrial Revolution, the era of imperialism, and
the two world wars. Others center on individual regions
of the world, while singling out contrasts and compari-
sons that link them to the broader world community.
Th e book is divided into five parts. Th e first four parts
are each followed by a short section labeled “Reflection,”
which attempts to link events in a broad comparative and
global framework. Th e chapter in the fift h and final part
examines some of the common problems of our time—
including environmental pollution, the population explo-
sion, and spiritual malaise—and takes a cautious look into
the future to explore how such issues will evolve in the

36. twenty-first century.
Another issue that requires attention is how to bal-
ance the treatment of Western civilization with its coun-
terparts in Asia and Africa. Th e modern world is oft en
xiv
text that can be used as off ered, or customized by
importing personal lecture slides or other material.
Also included is ExamView, an easy-to-use assess-
ment and tutorial system that allows instructors
to create, deliver, and customize tests in minutes.
Instructors can build tests with as many as 250
questions using up to 12 question types, and using
ExamView’s complete word-processing capabilities,
they can enter an unlimited number of new questions
or edit existing ones.
• HistoryFinder—Th is searchable online database al-
lows instructors to quickly and easily download thou-
sands of assets, including art, photographs, maps,
primary sources, and audio/video clips. Each as-
set downloads directly into a Microsoft PowerPoint

37. slide, allowing instructors to easily create exciting
PowerPoint presentations for their classrooms.
• Companion Web Sites for Instructors and Students
(www.cengage.com/history/duiker/contempworld5e)—
Th ese useful web sites provide chapter-by-chapter, text-
specifi c resources for both instructors and students.
Content for students includes interactive maps and time-
lines, tutorial quizzes, glossary, crossword puzzles, fl ash-
cards, critical thinking questions, web links, and internet
exercises. Instructors also have access to PowerPoint
slides of lecture outlines, plus the Instructor’s Manual,
which includes chapter outlines and summaries, sug-
gested lecture topics, discussion questions, suggested
student activities, and web links (access code required
for instructor resources).
Acknowledgments
I would like to express my appreciation to the reviewers
who have read individual chapters and provided me with
useful suggestions for improvement: Elizabeth Clark,
West Texas A&M University; Sandi Cooper, College of
Staten Island; Richard Grossman, De Paul University;
James Harrison, Siena College; Mary Louise Loe,
James Madison …

38. 6
HIS
150Name_____________________________________________
__
Second ExamSection________________
Spring 2020
Instructions:In this word document type in your name and
section number above, underline or in some way note your
multiple choice answer. If you can’t save the exam then just
type 1-25 on a new word document and put the answer beside
the number. As for the essay question, type the answer below
the question or below your multiple choice answers. Due via
email at 11:59pm March 30.
I. Multiple Choice: clearly circle the correct answer (each is
worth 2 points).
1. The German mark became largely worthless as the result of
a. the British invasion of Prussia.
b. hyper- inflation in 1922-1923.
c. the assassination of William II.
d. the successful communist revolution in Germany.
e. Adolph Hitler's seizure of power in Bavaria in 1923.

39. 2. John Maynard Keynes
a. advocated a laissez-faire economic policy.
b. desired socialism rather than capitalism.
c. claimed that the government which governed least, governed
best.
d. favored tariffs and balanced budgets.
e. argued that governments should resort to deficit
spending in times of depression.
3.Full employment returned to the United States as the
result of
a. Roosevelt's New Deal.
b. the Second New Deal.
c. the Munich Agreement.
d. World War II.
e. the Cold War.
4. All of the following programs were part of Franklin
Roosevelt's New Deal except
a. the Civilian Conservation Corps.
b. the Peace Corps.
c. Social Security.
d. the Works Progress Administration.
e. the Agricultural Adjustment Act.

40. 5. Mohandas Gandhi
a. was educated as a lawyer in New Delhi.
b. represented Indian migrants in Dublin and Edinburgh.
c. a member of the New Party.
d. was a Muslim.
e. believed in satyagraha.
6. The major issue that divided Indian nationalists was which of
the following:
a. the desire for immediate independence
b. The issue of participation in World War II
c. The desire of the Muslim League for a partition of
British India
d. use of violence to drive Britain from India
e. the leadership of Gandhi
7. The father of modern Turkey was
a. T. E. Lawrence.
b. Mustapha Kemal (Ataturk).
c. Selim II.
d. Ibd Saud.
e. Abdul Hamid.
8. Ataturk attempted to

41. a. reconquer Mecca and Medina.
b. drive the Turks out of Asia Minor.
c. establish socialism in Turkey.
d. transform Turkey into a modern secular republic.
e. replace the Ottoman legal system with the Shari'ya (Islamic
law).
9. The leading nationalist group in South Africa was which of
the following?
a. South African Liberation Front
b. African National Congress
c. African Unity Organization
d. Afrikaner Party
e. Apartheid
10. In the Balfour Declaration the British promised
a. The creation of an Arab State
b. To establish a Jewish State in Palestine
c. Give independence to Egypt
d. To support the independence of Turkey
e. To divide the middle east with the French

42. 11. According to the 1917 Mexican constitution, subsoil rights
belong to
a. Foreign nationals.
b. The Mexican nation.
c. The Mexican peasantry.
d. U.S. oil companies.
e. The landowners.
12. Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 after threatening to
march on
a. the Vatican.
b. Florence.
c. Bologna.
d. Rome.
e. Berlin.
13. After the failed Beer Hall Putsch, Adolph Hitler decided to
a. overthrow the Weimar government by force, using his SA
b. return to Austria
c. use the SS to infiltrate the German army, and have the army
depose the
Weimar government.
d. drop out of public sight and wait for something to happen.
e. attempt to come to power through constitutional means.

43. 14. The Nazi party
a. had little success in becoming a mass political movement in
the 1920s.
b. had some success in the 1920s, but grew significantly as the
result of the
Great Depression.
c. was entirely a product of the economic crisis
resulting in the Great
Depression
d. was unaffected by the Great Depression, as it had
come to power before
it began.
e. allied itself with German communists in taking power
in 1933.
15. The event that started World War II in Europe was
a. the German take-over of the Rhineland
b. the German take-over of Czechoslovakia
c. the German invasion of Poland
d. the German invasion of Italy
e. the German invasion of France
16. In September 1935, the new racial laws announced at

44. Nuremberg to settle the "Jewish Question"
a. paved the way for Nazi mass demonstrations in the city of
Nuremberg.
b. enabled Hitler to assume dictatorial power.
c. rearmed Germany in violation of the Versailles Treaty.
d. excluded Jews from German citizenship and forbade
marriage between
Jews and non-Jews.
e. sent leaders of the German communist party to
concentration camps.
17. In Mein Kampf, Hitler declared that future German
expansion must be to the
a. east, against Russia.
b. southeast, against Turkey.
c. west, against France and the Low Countries.
d. south, into Africa.
e. northwest, against Britain.
18. The 1936-1939 civil war that ended democracy in that
country occurred in
a. France.
b. Austria.
c. Germany.
d. Italy.

45. e. Spain.
19. In the Asia the Japanese attacked what country in 1937
effectively beginning World War II in Asia?
a. French Indochina
b. Korea
c. China
d. Burma
e. Thailand
20. By the late 1930s, Nazi Germany's chief fascist ally in
Europe was
a. France
b. Spain.
c. Austria
d. Poland.
e. Italy
21. Which of the following countries became involved in the
Spanish Civil War?
a. The United States and the Soviet Union
b. The Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy
c. The France, Britain, and Italy
d. The United States and Britain
e. Germany and Italy

46. 22. The word which best describes the British and French
response to Hitler's demands at Munich is
a. containment.
b. passive resistance.
c. nonaggression.
d. appeasement.
e. armed resistance.
23. The United States entered World War II after which of the
following events?
a. The German invasion of the Soviet Union
b. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
c. The German attacks on U.S. shipping in the Atlantic
d. The Japanese attack on the Philippines
e. The Japanese attack on China
24. The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese
cities of
a. Hiroshima and Tokyo.
b. Osaka and Edo.
c. Nagoya and Nagasaki.
d. Tokyo and Osaka.
e. Nagasaki and Hiroshima.

47. 25. The Holocaust did all of the following except
a. exterminate 90 percent of the Jewish population of Poland.
b. killed 2 out of every 3 European Jews.
c. built extermination camps to speed up the Final