The PYP focuses on developing the whole child through relevant and engaging inquiry-based learning. It has 4 pillars: promoting international-mindedness, inquiry-based learning, constructivism, and transdisciplinarity. Students strive to develop attributes of the IB learner profile. The PYP emphasizes big concepts, interactive learning, student-initiated assessment, and group work over traditional skills-based, textbook-driven instruction with an emphasis on correct answers and individual work. The 5 essential elements are developing lifelong learners through concept-based and action-oriented learning focused on understanding. Units of inquiry explore concepts across transdisciplinary themes to develop understanding of ourselves, our world, and how to take responsible action.