Week 1 Assignment Major Perspectives of Psycholo-gy in Ever.docx

Week 1 Assignment: Major Perspectives of Psycholo-
gy in Everyday Life
Due Monday by 1:59am Points 75 Submitting a file upload
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Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Instructions
The five major perspectives of modern psychology are
important to understand because they are
central to other key concepts and theories throughout the
course. For example, you will learn
about them again in our discussion about personality and
psychological disorders.
While we read about the major perspectives of contemporary
psychology in a textbook, these
perspectives are also applicable to our everyday lives. Describe
in detail a current event or a well-
known topic of public interest that you find fascinating or
intriguing. Then, choose at least two-three
of the major perspectives (neuroscience, psychodynamic,
humanistic, behavioral or cognitive) and
discuss how they might provide insight into your chosen current
event or well-known topic. Ensure
that you make clear connections between your current event or
well-known topic and the major
perspectives you have chosen. Creativity is encouraged!

Some examples of major topic areas you could research further
include: politics, social issues,
entertainment industry (music, art, movies), sports, business,
science, world news or technology.
Writing Requirements (APA format)
Textbook: Chapters 1, 2, 3
Lessons
Minimum of 2 outside scholarly sources
Length: 2-3 pages (not including Title and References pages)
Title page
1-inch margins
Top
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Page 1 of 5
PSYC110 Week 1 Assignment Rubric
Criteria Ratings Pts
10.0 pts
Grading
This activity will be graded based on the Current Event Essay
Grading Rubric.

Course Outcomes (CO): 1
Due Date: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday
Double spaced
12-point Times New Roman font
Running header in the upper left of all pages
Page number in the upper right of all pages
Parenthetical in-text citations included and formatted in APA
style
References page (a minimum of 2 outside scholarly sources plus
the textbook and/or the
weekly lesson and your current event of choice)
Content 10.0 pts
Addresses
all aspects of
the
assignment.
8.5 pts
Addresses
most aspects
of the
assignment.
7.5 pts
Addresses
some aspects
of the
assignment.
6.0 pts
Addresses
few aspects
of the

assignment.
0.0 pts
No
effort
Explanation
of
Concepts
20.0 pts
Thoroughly
explains the
chosen
current event
or topic of
public
interest and
the chosen
psychological
perspectives
and concepts
that connect
to the current
17.0 pts
Explains
current
event/topic of
public
interest and
the chosen
psychological
perspectives
and concepts
that connect

to that
current
event/topic of
15.0 pts
Adequately
explains
current
event/topic of
public
interest
and/or the
chosen
psychological
perspectives
and concepts
that connect
to that
12.0 pts
Explanation
of current
event/topic of
public
interest
and/or
chosen
psychological
perspectives
and concepts
is inadequate
or unclear.
0.0 pts
No
effort

5/6/20, 1:54 PM
Page 2 of 5
20.0 pts
20.0 pts
event/topic of
public
interest
public
interest, but
more detail
could be
added.
current
event/topic of
public
interest.
Additional
explanation
and details
are needed to
clarify the
current
event/topic of
public
interest and
the
connected
psychological

perspectives.
Analysis 20.0 pts
The central
idea is
developed
and
expanded.
Thorough
analysis of
chosen
psychological
perspectives
clearly
supports the
current
event/public
topic of
interest and
displays
evidence of a
thoughtful in-
depth
analysis.
17.0 pts
The central
idea is
discernible
and
developed
and basic
analysis of
chosen
psychological
perspectives

and concepts
is provided. A
more
thorough
analysis
could be
included.
15.0 pts
The central
idea is
discernible
and
developed
and basic
analysis of
chosen
psychological
perspectives
and concepts
is provided. A
more
thorough
analysis
could be
included.
12.0 pts
The central
idea is not
developed,
and the
analysis of
chosen
psychological
perspectives

lacks critical
thought.
0.0 pts
No
effort
5/6/20, 1:54 PM
Page 3 of 5
5.0 pts
5.0 pts
5.0 pts
Source
Integration
5.0 pts
All required resources
are included: 1 source for
current event/topic of
public interest, 2 outside
scholarly sources plus
the textbook/online
lesson.
4.25 pts
Most
required
resources
are
included.

3.75 pts
Some
required
resources
are
included.
3.0 pts
Few
required
resources
are
included.
0.0 pts
No
effort
Writing:
Mechanics
& Usage
5.0 pts
The writing
is free of
major errors
in grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation
that would
detract from
a clear
reading of
the paper.

4.25 pts
The writing
contains a few
major errors in
grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation,
but the errors
do not detract
from a clear
reading of the
paper.
3.75 pts
The writing
contains
some major
errors in
grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation
that need to
be addressed
for a clearer
reading of the
paper.
3.0 pts
The writing
contains
several
major errors
in grammar,
spelling, and
punctuation
that impede

a clear
reading of
the paper.
0.0 pts
No
effort.
APA
Format
5.0 pts
Paper is
formatted to
include all 7
of the
following:
title page, 1-
inch margins,
double-
spaced, 12-
point font,
Times New
Roman,
running
header, and
4.25 pts
Paper is
formatted to
include 6 of
the following:
title page, 1-
inch margins,
double-
spaced, 12-

point font,
Times New
Roman,
running
header, and
page
3.75 pts
Paper is
formatted to
include 5 of
the following:
title page, 1-
inch margins,
double-
spaced, 12-
point font,
Times New
Roman,
running
header, and
page
3.0 pts
Paper is
formatted to
include 4 of
the following:
title page, 1-
inch margins,
double-
spaced, 12-
point font,
Times New
Roman,
running

header, and
page
0.0 pts
No
effort
5/6/20, 1:54 PM
Page 4 of 5
Total Points: 75.0
10.0 pts
page
numbers.
numbers. numbers. numbers.
APA
Citations &
References
Page
10.0 pts
All sources
are properly
cited in the
text and
references
page
demonstrating
a mastery of
APA format..

8.5 pts
Most sources
are cited in
the text and
references
page. Some
minor errors
may exist in
citation, but it
does not
interfere with
understanding
the source of
the
information.
7.5 pts
Most
sources are
cited in the
text and
references
page. Some
errors may
exist in
citation that
need to be
addressed
to clarify
the source
of
information.
6.0 pts
Sources are

not
properly/cited
in the
text/references
page.
Formatting
contains
several errors
that suggest a
lack of
understanding
of APA format.
0.0 pts
No
effort
5/6/20, 1:54 PM
Page 5 of 5
!
This is a graded discussion: 25 points possible due May 11 at
1:59am
Week 1 Discussion: Psychological Perspectives
16 26
Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:
Initial Post Instructions
After reviewing the case below, choose two perspectives

(neuroscience, humanistic, cognitive, psychodynamic
or behavioral) to create a short dialogue between two
psychologists discussing Sara's behavior. Feel free to be
creative in your dialogue! Define your two chosen perspectives
and briefly discuss the differences of each
approach. What was one missing in your dialogue from the case
that the other helped to explain?
For example, what would a psychodynamic psychologist say
about Sara's behavior versus a cognitive
psychologist? Your dialogue might look something like this:
Psychodynamic Psychologist: Sara seems to be exhibiting these
behaviors as a result of unconscious
thoughts and conflicts she may not be aware of.
Cognitive Psychologist: That could be true! But I think a
possible cause of Sara's anxiety could stem from the
way she thinks about the world around her. Her thinking is
distorted and we should work to change that.
Psychodynamic Psychologist: Hmm... Sara's parents did get a
divorce when she was in high school, she
could have possibly repressed those feelings that are now
coming to the surface from her own recent divorce.
Cognitive Psychologist: Yes, but we are still not getting at the
root of the way she thinks and processes
information. She excessively worries about everything, not just
her parent's divorce and her own.
Case
Sara is 35 year-old woman currently struggling with increasing
pressure at work and a recent divorce among
many other things in her life. At the urging of her friends and
family, she sought counseling and was diagnosed

with Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Sara has a
tendency to worry excessively about her children,
money, friends, cat, and just about everything else where other
people might not find a reason to worry. At work,
she has trouble concentrating and is finding it difficult to
perform at her best. Her boss is putting more pressure
on her to perform better and meet sales goals for the quarter. In
general, Sara feels like she is often on edge,
tense, exhausted and is very irritable, which has impacted her
everyday life. The amount of stress and anxiety
Sara is experiencing in her life is also contributing to her
depression. She feels as though she is in a vicious
cycle she can't escape.
When Sara was in middle school, her parents argued a lot and
she often heard them talking about divorce. In
high school, Sara's parents finally followed through and
divorced, which made Sara feel very alone and not in
Textbook: Chapters 1, 2, 3
Lesson
Top
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5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 1 of 24
Search entries or author
" Reply
control of her own life. She said that she still feels that she is

not in control, worries often, and can't control how
she feels, despite her attempts.
Be sure to make connections between your ideas and
conclusions and the research, concepts, terms, and
theory we are discussing this week.
Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor.
Further the dialogue by providing more information
and clarification.
Writing Requirements
Grading
This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading
Rubric. Please review the following link:
Course Outcomes (CO): 1
Due Date for Initial Post: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Wednesday
Due Date for Follow-Up Posts: By 11:59 p.m. MT on Sunday
Minimum of 3 posts (1 initial & 2 follow-up)
Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons
and an outside source)
APA format for in-text citations and list of references
Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines
Unread # $ % Subscribe
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/63025/users/69954
)Renee Owens (Instructor)
Apr 19, 2020

!
You may begin posting in this discussion forum on Monday,
May 4th.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 2 of 24
This week, you will read about five major perspectives in
modern psychology: Neuroscience, Humanistic,
Cognitive, Psychodynamic and Behavioral. Each perspective
explains human behavior in a different
way, with their own strengths and weaknesses. For example, the
cognitive perspective focuses on how
people think about and understand the world, but doesn't take
into account the physiological and biological
processes of each individual (Feldman, 2018).
Review the case below and create a short dialogue between two
psychologists discussing Sara's
behavior. Define your two chosen perspectives and briefly
discuss the differences of each
approach. What was one missing in your dialogue from the case
that the other helped to explain?
Feel free to be creative in your dialogue! Be sure to make
connections between your ideas and
conclusions and the research, concepts, terms, and theory we
are discussing this week.
Case
Sara is 35 year-old woman currently struggling with increasing
pressure at work and a recent divorce

among many other things in her life. At the urging of her
friends and family, she sought counseling and was
diagnosed with Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder.
Sara has a tendency to worry excessively
about her children, money, friends, cat, and just about
everything else where other people might not find a
reason to worry. At work, she has trouble concentrating and is
finding it difficult to perform at her best. Her
boss is putting more pressure on her to perform better and meet
sales goals for the quarter. In general,
Sara feels like she is often on edge, tense, exhausted and is very
irritable, which has impacted her
everyday life. The amount of stress and anxiety Sara is
experiencing in her life is also contributing to her
depression. She feels as though she is in a vicious cycle she
can't escape.
When Sara was in middle school, her parents argued a lot and
she often heard them talking about divorce.
In high school, Sara's parents finally followed through and
divorced, which made Sara feel very alone and
not in control of her own life. She said that she still feels that
she is not in control, worries often, and can't
control how she feels, despite her attempts.
*Please be sure to review the discussion guidelines via the link
provided above as to make sure you
understand how discussions will be graded. Remember to cite
all of your sources in APA format (in-text
citations and a list of references)*
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 3 of 24

" Reply &
*Initial response should be posted by Wednesday, May 6th,
11:59 pm MT and discussion requirements
must be met by Sunday, May 10th, by 11:59 pm MT*
References
Feldman, R. S. (2018). Understanding psychology (14th ed.).
Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education.
1)Nicolle Bray
1)
Yesterday
" Reply &
!
After reviewing the case I choose cognitive and psychodynamic.
Cognitive: Studies how people understand and think about the
world. (Feldman 2018, pg. 15)
Psychodynamic: Contends behavior is motivated by their inner
conscience. ( Feldman 2018, pg.15)
Psychodynamic: Sara seems to have been suppressing her
feelings about her parents' divorce and it is
finally surfacing because of her recent divorce.
Cognitive: That could be a possibility but it seems to me she is

having a lot of pressure put on her for
work. This could definitely cause her to feel out of control.
Psychodynamic: That is something to think about but if she felt
out of control with her parents' divorce it
could be the cause of her anxiety and stress now because her
divorce just triggered those suppressed
emotions.
Cognitive: True but her divorce is probably putting a strain on
her finical status and her boss isn't helping
the situation.
References:
Feldman, R.S (2018). Understanding psychology. (14th ed.)
1)Chioma Anugwom
1)
Monday
!
After reviewing the case below; i choose cognitive and
psychodynamic.
Phychodynamic according to Sigmund Freud (1856 to 1939) he
believed that event in our childhood have a
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 4 of 24

" Reply &
great influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality.
Cognitive psychologist try to build up cognitive models of
information processing that goes on inside people's
minds including perception, attention,language, memory and
consciousness.
psychodynamic psychologist versus cognitive psychologist
about Sara's behavior.
Psychodynamic Psychologist: Sara might be having those
troubles due to the events in her life while growing
up, which she has suppressed for example, the argument and
fights between her parents .
Cognitive Psychologist; Maybe it is true, but on the other
hand,maybe it is caused by the overwhelming
pressure of balancing the workloads in the office and at home.
Psychodynamic Psychologist: That might be true but i feel that
she developed the ability of suppress
antagonistic and over whelming situations from the time she
was growing up and watching her parents
situations. Battling up emotions and avoiding problematic
situation for a longtime can have adverse
overwhelming effects on the psychological state of a person's
mind, resulting in depression, anxiety and
irritability.
Cognitive Psychologist: That is perfectly true. I believe that the
accumulations of workload, both in the office
and at home, triggered the overflow of the emotions that
resulted in Sara's present state of mind.

REFERENCE:
Mc Leod, S. A. (2017). Psychodynamic Approach. Simple
Psychology.
Monday
" Reply &
!
Hi Chioma,
Thank you for your perspective on Sara's case with your
dialogue! What do you think are some of the
similarities and/or differences of the cognitive and
psychodynamic perspectives?
1)Chioma Anugwom
1)
Monday
!
Psychodynamic mainly focuses on early childhood behavior
while cognitive perspective is somewhat
well viewed in focus of examining the mental process of what
one does based upon what one has
thought of doing. Psychodynamic perspective focuses more on
unconscious process while

5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 5 of 24
" Reply &
cognitive perspective focuses more on mental processes.
8)Amanda Cafiero
8)
Monday
!
Hello Everyone,
Initial Post Instructions
After reviewing the case below, choose two perspectives
(neuroscience, humanistic, cognitive,
psychodynamic or behavioral) to create a short dialogue
between two psychologists discussing Sara's
behavior. Feel free to be creative in your dialogue! Define your
two chosen perspectives and briefly discuss
the differences of each approach. What was one missing in your
dialogue from the case that the other helped
to explain?
The two perspectives I chose for this discussion is behavioral
and cognitive. Behavioral perspective is shown
through external emotion and behaviors which is following or

copying a person’s actions. Cognitive
perspective is mainly based on people’s logical beliefs trying to
be realistic about a situation.
Behavioral Psychologist: Sara seems to be mimicking her
parents and seeing it as a normal thing to be
confronted with conflict and negativity.
Cognitive Psychologist: It appears due to her recent struggles
with her divorce and stresses at work that her
tendencies of worry have heightened.
Behavioral Psychologist: Yes, her fears and worry have reached
a new high and is struggling to cope with the
added pressures of everyday life.
Cognitive Psychologist: Sara has to come to terms with the fact
that she cannot control everything in her life,
unexpected things happen and she needs to learn how to cope
with that.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 6 of 24
" Reply &
Reference:

Retrieved from:
https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/2!/
4/[email protected]:0
(https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/2!
/4/[email protected]:0)
Stamm, K., Lin, Luona, and Cristidis, P. (2016): Module1.
Psychologists At Work: retrieved from
https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/22!
/4/406/[email protected]:45.4
(https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/22
!/4/406/[email protected]:45.4)
Monday
!
Hello Amanda,
Thank you for your dialogue between the behavioral and
cognitive psychologists! The behavioral
perspective suggests that our behavior is a result from our
learning and experience. This perspective
focuses on our external behaviors that are observable and
measurable (Feldman, 2018). On the other
hand, the cognitive perspective suggests that our behavior
results from mental processes involved in
decision making and problem-solving (Feldman, 2018). This
perspective would ask questions like,
"How do people think about and understand the world around
them?"

Psychology's Modern Perspectives: PSYCHademia
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 7 of 24
" Reply & (1 like)
"
(https://chamberlain.instructure.com/courses/60629/discussion_t
opics/1690305#)
References
PSYCHademia. (2016, August 9). Psychology’s modern
perspectives. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcKtNYs0lpQ
6)Allyn Raatz
6)
Monday
!
Hello professor and class,
The two psychological perspectives I chose for Sara’s case are
Psychodynamic and Cognitive.

With the cognitive perspective, we learn how people
comprehend and represent the outside world within
themselves and how our ways of thinking about the world
influence our behavior. (Feldman, 2018 pg. 17)
The psychodynamic perspective argues that behavior is
motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which
we have little awareness or control. (Feldman, 2018 pg. 16)
Cognitive psychologist: I best think that the worry and anxiety
that Sara struggles with stems from thinking too
much into things. Allowing herself to get swept away in
constant worry.
Psychodynamic psychologist: I believe that Sara’s struggles
actually stem from things that she has been
suppressing throughout her life that have come out over recent
years. Her divorce has caused worry over her
financials and children. The anxiety that causes her to always be
on edge and irritable has stemmed from the
psychodynamic of conflicts going on within.
Cognitive psychologist: I best think she will benefit from
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, which entails
stripping away the negative connotations of emotions such as
sadness and anxiety. (Dowd, Clen, Arnold
2010)
References
Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education
Dowd, E. T., Clen, S. L., & Arnold, K. D. (2010). The specialty
practice of cognitive and behavioral

psychology. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 8 of 24
" Reply &
3)Mariechelle Tormis
3)
Monday
" Reply &
!
Professor Owens and Class,
As an intro for this class, we had to understand the different
perspectives of psychology. To put these into
practice, we were challenged to address either neuroscience,
humanistic, cognitive, psychodynamic, or
behavioral perspectives following Sara's case. I decided to
further detail the neuroscience and behavioral
psychological perspectives. According to Mr. McNabb (2020),
the neuroscience approach explores the
correlation between your mental state and brain, along with
nerves and hormones (para. 3). It entails your
nervous system and genetic makeup which affect your behavior.
The behavioral psychologists specify that
your external environment depicts your behavior.
Case

Neuroscience Psychologist: It appears that Sara may be
experiencing issues with depression and anxiety
due to a hormonal imbalance.
Behavioral Psychologist: While this could be true, it was not
mentioned of psychological disorders being
heredity in her family, but the alignment of her parent's divorce
could be a reflecting image of her situation.
Neuroscience Psychologist: That is very possible, but in
addition, the pressure from work could be raising
her stress levels and causing her brain to release chemicals
resulting in her psychological issues.
Behavioral Psychologist: There could also be a connection
between Sara's past experience with her
parent's divorce being a learned behavior and her lonely
memories during the time. As a young girl in middle
school, these traumatizing feelings may be contributing to her
worries for her children and how they are
currently coping with family problems.
References:
5 Major Perspectives in Psychology. (2020).
http://mrmcnabb.weebly.com/5-major-perspectives-in-
psychology.html
12:08am

!
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 9 of 24
Edited by Renee Owens
) on May 6 at 12:08am
" Reply &
Hi Mariechelle,
Thank you for your great dialogue between the behavioral and
neuroscience psychologists! In this
instance, do you think that the behavioral psychologist and the
psychodynamic psychologist could be
in agreement with some aspects of how they would view Sara's
behavior?
1)Kristin DiPasquale
1)
12:23pm
" Reply &
!
Hi Mariechelle,
I appreciate how your discussion added some background

information on the different psychologist
perspectives you used. I think it is important, especially in a
class about psychology, to fully understand
the terms and ideas we discuss before we try and discuss them.
Psychology is such a detailed and
intricate field and the ideas and perspectives used in this course
are going to aid us in growing
knowledge. I think it was important to note in the behavioral
psychologist perspective that not only was
heredity not mentioned, but also how behaviors are associated
with neurons. This would add to the
overall dialogue. Great job with this post.
8)Maxwell Agu
8)
Monday
!
Hi Everyone
On this very assignment, I choose psychodynamic and
neuroscience psychological perspective, because
they work together to create a dialogue between the
neurosciences and psychoanalysis whereby generating
an accurate, large-scale model of the mind. From a
neuroscientific standpoint, depression and generalized
anxiety disorder Sara was going through were driven by
unconscious intention due to as result of specific
neuron circuit in her brain that are mainly specialized to
produce each behavior. However, psychologist focus
will be based on looking through the biological perspective
whereby Sara extroverted behavior will be
elaborated due to genetic makeup from her parent that will as

well have effect on the gene of certain
neurotransmitters in her brain triggered by the amount of stress
and anxiety Sara was experiencing in her
life.
Psychodynamic is such a psychologic perspective that focuses
mainly on how the past may have affected
individual psychological states and psychologist strongly
believe that unconscious mind is what actually
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 10 of 24
" Reply &
control most of our cognitive and behavior which according to
Freud’s psychoanalytical theory of personality ,
the unconscious mind is a reserve of feeling , thoughts urges
and memories that outside of our conscious
awareness (Bargh and Morsella, 2008 ). Psychologist will use
these perspective to evaluate Sara’s
unconscious mind regards to her early child experience and how
her past life may have affected her
psychological states, knowing that the psychological effect of
divorce Sara encountered during when her
parents’ divorced may have contributed her depression , anger,
and a generalized anxiety disorder that also
made her to even lack concentration at certain time.
Psychologically, I believe that Sara’s problem today is as
result of an ongoing experience she encountered during her
childhood which made her vulnerable to feel out
of control of her life.

Reference
Bargh, JA & Morsella, E. The unconscious mind. Perspect
Psychol Sci.;3(1):73-79. doi: : 10.1111/j.1745-
6916.2008.00064.x
Dubuque: McGraw-Hill Education
9)Deanna Santiago
9)
Monday
" Reply &
!
After reviewing the case, I chose to focus on the cognitive and
behavioral perspectives. Cognitive
perspective is the psychological view that focuses on how
another thinks, their perception, and problem
solving. Behavioral perspective is the focus on behaviors both
learned and unlearned.
Cognitive Psychologist: It seems to me that Sara's anxiety began
long ago dealing with her parents divorce
and never fully gaining control of her life.
Behavioral Psychologist: Do you think that her divorce is
causing a pattern of leftover anxiety/worries and
feelings of being lonely just like she felt during her parents
divorce.
Cognitive Psychologist: While that can be true, she now has

many more things to add to her worries such
as her children, home, cat, and job. These added worries, she
did not have during her parents divorce.
Behavioral Psychologist: She never dealt with her worries when
she was younger, carrying it with her for
her whole life, and now cannot handle these extra worries on
top of it all so she sees a connection from her
parents divorce to her own.
The behavioral psychologist explains the stem of Sara's worries,
anxiety, and depression goes back to her
being younger. She had these emotions bottled up since her
parents divorce, and her own divorce is bringing
these back up again. The cognitive psychologist is focusing on
why Sara has these worries now.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 11 of 24
2)Regina Ebanks
2)
Monday
!
Hey everyone!
*There are five major perspectives in psychology. According to
Feldman, Robert (2019) the types of
perspectives are listed below:

- NEUROSCIENCE ~ views behavior from the perspective of
biological functioning.
- COGNITIVE ~ examines how people understand and think
about the world.
- BEHAVIORAL ~ focuses on observable behavior.
- HUMANISTIC ~ contends that people can control their
behavior and that they try to reach their full potential.
- PSYCHODYNAMIC ~ believes behavior is motivated by
inner, unconscious forces over which a person has
little control.
Humanistic psychologist: Hey, thanks for joining me to discuss
or mutual patient. It’s quite obvious that Sara
is losing control over her life. She just needs to develop a life
plan/ goal to regain control in her life.
Cognitive psychologist: I concur but I believe we have to focus
on why Sara got herself into that depression
state of mind first. Why is she always worrying? Why can’t she
live in the moment?
Humanistic psychologist: She can’t stop worrying because she
feels the need to be in control at all times.
Cognitive psychologist: You’re right but why does she think she
has to be in control all the time? Sara thinks

her world is falling apart right now, especially because of her
recent divorce which is probably enlightening
feelings from her parents’ divorce. I believe Sara needs some
time to herself to think about all aspects of her
life and reevaluate her situation.
The perspectives that I chose are COGNITIVE and
HUMANISTIC.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 12 of 24
" Reply &
Reference:
Feldman, R. S. (2019). Understanding psychology. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
I think the humanistic psychologist was missing the “WHY” in
the case scenario for Sara.
8)Amanda Cafiero
8)

9:34am
" Reply &
!
Regina,
I like how you broke down each perspective before you wrote
your dialogue. I have never taken a
psychology class before so this really helped me understand
each perspective easier.
9)Amanda Chappell-
Walkwitz
9)
Yesterday
!
Hello professor and classmates,
I've chosen to evaluate Sarah's situation from a psychodynamic
perspective and a Neuroscience perspective.
When looking at the situation from a psychodynamic
perspective, one needs to understand the way that
people internalize things and figure out what unconscious
thought is causing the symptoms whereas
neurological perspectives would look at the biology behind
Sarah's symptoms. (Feldman, 2019)
Psychodynamic: It seems like Sarah internalized a lot of
emotion from her parents divorce when she was
younger, perhaps this is why she's feeling out of control and

anxious.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 13 of 24
" Reply &
Neuroscience: Well Sarah is under a lot of stress, stress causes
a release of hormones like epinephrine,
norepinephrine and cortisol. (Mayo clinic staff, 2019) When
these hormones are released they cause a spike
in pulse rate, blood pressure and respiration and can really
cause extreme exhaustion if one is dealing with
this barrage constantly. Medication to inhibit these
hormones/neurotransmitters could really be beneficial.
Psychodynamic: While the hormones/neurotransmitters are
behind the way her body is responding to stress,
fixing the biological issue won't help Sarah move past what is
causing the reaction. Ultimately I feel like Sarah
is reliving the feelings of her parents divorce except not only
does she feel out of control of her own life, she
feels out of control of her children's lives. She's ultimately
responsible for their emotional well-being right now
and likely feels like she's failing them by repeating the same
cycle her parents did.
Neuroscience: You may be right, but in order to bring all of this
pain and hurt to the surface to work through it,
medication would likely be beneficial. She has lots of emotions
to work through along with discovering a new
normal for her family. Mediating some of the biological
responses to stress in the meantime would decrease
the potential for a larger interruption in her life and really help

her examine things through a more objective
standpoint.
Personally, I feel it's beneficial to consider medication when
working through serious emotional trauma in
therapy. Not only will it make trudging through life a little
easier, it helps people look at things without as much
emotional interference and makes things a little easier to work
through. A person doesn't necessarily need to
be medicated for life, especially if they don't have a biological
imbalance, but for a short time while they
process things in therapy can helpful.
References:
Feldman, R. (2019). Understanding psychology (14th ed.). New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill education.
Mayo clinic staff. (2019, March 19). Chronic stress puts your
health at risk. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-
management/in-depth/stress/art-20046037
3)Mariechelle Tormis
3)
Yesterday
" Reply &
!
Amanda,
I applaud you for the amount of detail and effort you put into
your discussion post. This past session, I

completed the Anatomy and Physiology II course. We covered
the Endocrine system and the hormones
within it. With the neuroscience perspective being involved
with biological factors, I like how you
mentioned the exact hormones that release from the brain that
could be involved with Sara's troubles.
The dialogue between your psychodynamic and neuroscience
physiologists are very much on point.
Wonderful job on your first initial post this week!
- Shelley Tormis
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 14 of 24
Yesterday
!
*Please respond to initial discussion questions first, before
answering the following*
Introspection
Wilhelm Wundt founded the first formal psychology laboratory
in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879, the date now
considered to be the beginning of the science of psychology. A
physician and physiologist, Wundt
conducted experiments intended to identify the basic nature of
human consciousness and experience. His
main focus of research was on the senses of vision, touch, and
the passage of time; other topics studied in

his laboratory included attention, emotion, and memory.
The approach associated with Wundt is structuralism, which
seeks to describe the basic building blocks or
“structure” of consciousness. The main technique used by
Wundt and his colleagues was introspection or
“inner sense.” In this method, trained subjects are given a
stimulus. They then are asked to describe the
sensations that made up their conscious experience of that
stimulus. In Wundt’s laboratory, you might be
asked to reflect on your experience of this stimulus for several
minutes or even several hours!
*Excerpt from Feldman (2018)*
Now you can try introspection yourself. Look at the stimulus
below:
What is your experience of this apple? How would you describe
the sensations of each of the parts
of the apple—its colors, its roundness, its shading?
What are some of the criticisms of introspection?
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 15 of 24
" Reply &
References

9)Amanda Chappell-
Walkwitz
9)
12:56pm
" Reply &
!
Hello Dr. Owens,
My experience of this apple are that it is fulfilling, juicy,
smooth, enticing, cool, and refreshing. I feel that
the apple represents prolonged life, prosperity and even fertility
slightly? I feel like maybe it's voluptuous
shape and appearance in spring would represent new life to me.
One of the criticisms of introspection is the fact that we can't
get past our inherent biases. (2016) Even
when we are aware of some biases, many are undetected in the
subconscious mind. Everyone has
different biases, so this makes introspection a very subjective
experience and results in unreliable
inferences.
Reference:
The Failures of Introspection. (2016, July 27). Retrieved May 6,
2020, from
http://livingmeanings.com/failures-introspection-stumbling-
block-self-knowledge/

3)Ganna Shvets
3)
Yesterday
!
Hello, professor Owens and classmates,
I decided to go with the neuroscience and psychodynamic
perspectives for my post this week. The
neuroscience perspective considers how our biological content
influences our behavior. It examines the
influence of our nerve cells and our inheritance of certain
characteristics from our parents. It includes
heredity, evolution, as well as behavioral neuroscience
(Feldman, 2018, p. 15). The psychodynamic
perspective, originated by Sigmund Freud, is a beginning and
the end of psychology (Feldman, 2018, p. 16).
This perspective views unconscious factors to be the
determinants of a person's behavior. The two
perspectives are similar in their position on the key
psychological issues (Feldman, 2018, p. 20).
The dialogue between psychodynamic and neuroscience
psychologists:
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 16 of 24
" Reply &
Psychodynamic psychologist: Sara is most likely influenced by
her unconscious behaviors that now

manifest in her present behaviors.
Neuroscience psychologist: You are correct! I believe there are
deeper issues than meets the eye. I would
love to look into the cellular level of the problem and see if we
can find answers there.
Psychodynamic psychologist: Sara had family problems during
her middle school, and through high school
years, her parents eventually got divorced. I do believe such a
lengthy chain of adverse family events had its
influence on her sense of self. It seems those events left a
lasting footprint and perhaps the past situation
with her parents she could not escape from influences her
perception of her present.
Neuroscience psychologist: Agreed! Due to the brain's
neuroplasticity, Sara may have formed neural
pathways that promoted her unhealthy behaviors and reactions,
which escalated into depression and anxiety.
Psychodynamic psychologist: With the help of a supportive
therapist, Sara may be able to explore oneself
and raise her self-awareness, which in turn would allow her to
understand the influences of her past on her
present behavior. She would have benefited from therapy
sessions during her adolescent years. However, it
is never too late, Sara needs to create a better relationship with
oneself, which would allow her to find her
place again at work and with her family and friends (Lovgren,
et al., 2019).
Neuroscience psychologist: Absolutely! She needs to clarify her
understanding of her emotions. Investing
in her brain health through diet, exercise, as well as
supplements has proven to be beneficial in similar

situations. Those simple yet effective ways can help her a whole
lot, serotonin, for example, can help in
mitigating depression. We could examine her brain processes
through brain imaging. Also, meditation can be
another helpful resource for Sara.
References
Lovgren, A., Rossberg, J.I., Nilsen, L., Engebretsen, E., Ulberg,
R. (2019). How do adolescents with
depression experience improvement in psychodynamic
psychotherapy? A qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry,
19(1), 95. doi: 10.1186/s12888-019-2080-0
1)Kristin DiPasquale
1)
Yesterday
!
Hello class,
As our lesson and textbook readings this week explain,
psychology is a field of study where different
viewpoints and approaches are explored and appreciated. It is a
field of study were different viewpoints and
processes are used in conjunction with one another to fully
understand behavioral and mental processes.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM

of 24
" Reply &
Neuroscience, humanistic, cognitive, psychodynamic, and
behavioral perspectives are some examples of
different psychological perspectives. According to the text,
neuroscience “views behavior from the
perspective of biological functioning”, behavioral “focuses on
observable behavior”, cognitive “examines how
people understand and think about the world”, humanistic
“contends that people can control their behavior
and that they naturally try to reach their full potential, and
psychodynamic “believes behavior is motivated by
inner unconscious forces over which a person has little
control”(Feldman, 2018, p.3).
For this discussion I have chosen to elaborate on the two
psychological perspectives of neuroscience and
humanistic. These two approaches differ from one another in
that a neuroscience perspective specifically
breaks down the human body in how they function biologically
to explain a certain behavior. Humanistic
perspectives largely reject that human behavior is based off
biology alone and it argues that humans are in
complete control of their lives. Interestingly enough, humanistic
approaches to psychology are often used in
education and teaching styles as it is an approach most likely to
engage students and encourage academic
growth (Javadi & Tahmasbi, 2020). Based off these specific
differences in approach I have created the
following dialogue:
Neuroscience psychologist: What Sarah is feeling like she is

going through is due to her inherit biological
human components. Her behaviors are a result of what she is
biologically made of.
Humanistic psychologist: While biological factors do play a
role in Sarah’s behaviors and feelings, she is
acting on more then just biologically components. Sarah is
naturally programmed to want to succeed so when
she is feeling as though she is failing it impacts her negatively.
Neuroscience psychologist: But at her core she is hereditary
impacted by her parents and if they were
unable to work out their problems in a healthy way, Sarah may
not be able to as well.
Humanistic psychologist: If Sara is struggling to cope with her
problems and she feels on edge and is
irritable, this is not merely genetics but an attribute of trying to
change things that are out of her control.
References
Javadi, Y., & Tahmasbi, M. (2020). Application of humanism
teaching theory and humanistic approach to
education in course-books. Theory & Practice in Language
Studies. Vol. 10 Issue 1, p. 40-48.
8)Holly Wolf
8)
Yesterday

!
Hello all!
This week I chose cognitive and behavioral
According to Feldman, Robert cognitive people ~ examine how
people understand and think about the
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 18 of 24
" Reply &
world. Whereas behavioral ~ focuses on observable behavior
Cognitive: "Sara seems to be displaying these behaviors as a
way of letting what others think about her get to
her."
Behavioral: " Perhaps she is acting this way due to what she
saw growing up and is now repeating what she
experienced in the past?"
Cognitive: " I believe the divorce is affecting her emotionally
and her boss is causing extra stress."
Reference
Retrieved from:
https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/2!/
4/[email protected]:0

(https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/2!
/4/[email protected]:0)
(https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781260883817/cfi/6/22
!/4/406/[email protected]:45.4)
12:04am
" Reply &
!
Hi Holly,
Thank you for the dialogue between the cognitive and
behavioral psychologists! What might the
cognitive perspective be able to explain about Sara's behavior
that the behavioral perspective might
not be able to as well or vice versa?
6)Sukhleen Dhillon
6)
12:33am
!
The five perspectives (neuroscience, cognitive, behavioral,
humanistic, psychodynamic) emphasize the
different aspects of behavioral and mental processes, and each
takes our understanding of behavior in a
somewhat different direction (Feldman, 2018 pp. 16).

The neuroscience perspective implies the methodology that sees
conduct from the viewpoint of the mind, the
sensory system, and other natural capacities.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 19 of 24
" Reply &
The behavioral perspective is based on the point of view that
centers around learned practices.
The psychodynamic perspective is a way to deal with brain
science that reviews the mental powers
fundamental human conduct, sentiments, and feelings, and how
they may identify with youth experience.
The cognitive perspective focuses on how people think,
understand, and know about the world (Feldman,
2018 pp. 17). It looks at inside mental procedures, for example,
critical thinking, memory, and language.
The humanistic perspective is a comprehensive way to deal with
human presence through examinations of
ideas, for example, which means, values, opportunity, disaster,
moral duty, human potential, otherworldliness,
and self-completion.
After viewing the case above, I chose the psychodynamic and
cognitive perspective to work with.
Psychodynamic Psychologist: Sara may be experiencing those
difficulties because of the occasions

throughout her life while growing up and her separation has
caused stress over her financials and children.
Cognitive Psychologist: This might be true but the cause of her
current situation could also be work pressure
and trying to balance between home and work life.
Psychodynamic Psychologist: I agree! But I think that because
she has been combating these feelings and
keeping away from upsetting conditions for an extensive stretch
of time which could have had an unfavorable
overpowering impact on her mental perspective which explains
her difficulty concentration, depression,
tension, and worrying behavior.
Cognitive Psychologist: That makes more sense. But despite all
this, she does need to learn how to cope
with all these situations so that she can gain control over her
life and her surroundings.
~Leen
Lumen Learning. (n.d.). Psychological Perspectives |
Introduction to Psychology. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/intropsychmaster/chapter/psy
chological-perspectives/
I think the psychodynamic psychologist was lacking to consider
the effects of her present environment
on her situation.

8)Anakari Martinez
8)
12:53am
!
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 20 of 24
" Reply &
Hello Professor and class,
After reading the case I decided to chose cognitive and
behavioral perspective. Cognitive perspective
focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the
world (Feldman, 2019). Behavioral perspective
focuses on how behaviors are learned and reinforced (Cherry,
2019).
Cognitive Psychologist: Sara’s understanding of the world
seems to be affected by how she worries just
about everything and feels as if she is in a vicious cycle she
cannot escape. This view of the world might
have caused her to develop Depression and Generalized Anxiety
Disorder. Not to mention, her going through
a recent divorce could play a major role in developing
depression.
Behavioral Psychologist: Yes, Dr. Martinez, Sara’s
understanding of the world can be a contributing factor to
how she reacts to things. For example, she is not able to

concentrate at work and is also finding it difficult to
be able to perform at her best. Because she worries just about
everything, this can cause her to not be able
to perform at her best or concentrate at work.
Cognitive Psychologist: Excuse me Dr. Trujillo, I must agree
with you and because she has other things to
worry about, for example her children, money, friends, her cat,
and work, this is causing her to have
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Depression and Generalized
Anxiety Disorder can co-occur, meaning they can
occur together or simultaneously, (Hurley 2018) thus these two
diagnoses can have a major impact in her life.
Behavioral Psychologist: Yes Dr. Martinez, I do agree with you,
I also wanted to share with you that because
she often heard her parents argued and would hear them talk
about a divorce when she was in middle school
and her parents finally divorced when she was in high school,
this could be a contributing factor to her getting
a divorced. She might feel as if she needed to go through the
same thing just as her parents did. This is
because she heard them have this same conversation growing
up.
Both, Dr. Martinez and Dr. Trujillo have concluded for Sara to
start Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, this type of
therapy focuses on taking specific steps to manage and reduce
symptoms (Hurley, 2018). They have also
decided for Sara to start Problem solving therapy to help her
learn tools to effectively manage the negative
effects of stressful life events (Hurley, 2018), for example her
divorce.
Thank you

Reference
Cherry, K. (2019, November 27). Perspectives in Modern
Psychology. Verywellmind. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/perspectives-in-modern-
psychology-2795595
(https://www.verywellmind.com/perspectives-in-modern-
psychology-2795595)
Feldman, R. (2019). Understanding Psychology. (14 edition).
New York, NY. McGraw-Hill Education.
Hurley, K. (2018, February 13). Depression and Anxiety.
PSYCOM. Retrieved from
https://www.psycom.net/depression.central.anxiety.html
(https://www.psycom.net/depression.central.anxiety.html)
th
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 21 of 24
8)Krista Tad-Y
8)
11:46am
!
hello Professor O and Class,

In this Case Analysis, I chose a combination of Cognitive and
Behavioral Therapy. As defined by Martin
(2019) Cognitive behavioral therapy was invented by a
psychiatrist, Aaron Beck, in the 1960s. He was doing
psychoanalysis at the time and observed that during his
analytical sessions, his patients tended to have
an internal dialogue going on in their minds — almost as if they
were talking to themselves. But they would
only report a fraction of this kind of thinking to him.
I believe this is the most beneficial treatment for Sara since she
was exposed to stress since childhood. In
addition, CBT focuses on present circumstance and emotions in
real time, as opposed to childhood
(http://www.psychologytoday.com/ca/basics/child-development)
events. A clinician who practices CBT will likely
as about family history to get a better sense of the entire person.
(https://psychcentral.com/lib/in-depth-
cognitive-behavioral-therapy/) Adding behavioral therapy for
the case of Sara, it is believed to has
successfully been used to treat a large number of conditions.
It’s considered to be extremely effective in
treating general stress and anxiety.
Psychologist 1: (knocks on the door) (opens the door) Hello, Dr.
Bieber! Are you busy?
Psychologist 2: Hi, Dr. Gomez. Come in! Not quite. I just
finished a session with my patient. Can I help you?
P1: Yes. I would like to ask for recommendations regarding

Sara’s Case. Since she was also your patient
before you went on leave.
P2: Oh! Right. I remember her. I’m glad you attended to her
treatment while I was away. How is she?
P1: I saw your diagnosis and notes. I would agree on the
Depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. She
sought counseling on our first day. I found that she has a
tendency to worry excessively about her children,
money, friends, cat, and just about everything else where other
people might not find a reason to worry. She
is quite a worrier.
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 22 of 24
P2: It sounds like it. But, before that she mentioned her work
performance which I wrote. She expounded that
at work, she has trouble concentrating and is finding it difficult
to perform at her best. This could be an anxiety
and stress symptom.
P1: Indeed. She mentioned she is often on edge, tense,
exhausted and is very irritable, which has impacted
her everyday life. I notice she was sometimes biting her nails
while she was talking to me. She keeps
gripping her hands and cannot sit still.

P2: Those are signs and symptoms of tense.
P1: For her treatment, I am planning to give her the Cognitive
therapy. This acts to help the person
understand that this is what’s going on. It will help her to step
outside her automatic thoughts and test them
out. (Martin, 2019)
P2: That is perfect for her case. But, you can add Behavioral
Therapy, also. Combine the two as she is
anxious and depressed.
P1: (takes notes) Oh, Definitely. She also opened up about her
childhood experience regarding her parents’
arguments and her loneliness when they divorced. Which could
be an indication of her depression as well
now that she is in the same situation.
P2: Good thing she told you that. I guess that’s what I missed
after I endorsed her to you.
P1: Yeah. We can use Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) a
short-term, goal-oriented psychotherapy
treatment that takes a hands-on, practical approach to problem-
solving. Its goal is to change patterns of
thinking or behavior that are behind people’s difficulties, and so
change the way they feel. It is used to help
treat a wide range of issues in a person’s life, from sleeping
difficulties or relationship problems, to drug and
alcohol abuse or anxiety (https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/)
and depression

(https://psychcentral.com/depression/) . (Martin, 2019)
P2: Okay. You can note that. Now, what would be the expected
results after her treatment?
P1: After her treatment, we are expecting an optimistic, stronger
and motivated version of Sara. CBT works
by changing people’s attitudes and their behavior by focusing
on the thoughts, images, beliefs and attitudes
that are held (a person’s cognitive processes) and how these
processes relate to the way a person behaves,
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 23 of 24
" Reply &
as a way of dealing with emotional problems.
(https://psychcentral.com/lib/in-depth-cognitive-behavioral-
therapy/)
P2: Great! I’m looking forward to that.
P1: Thank you for your insights, Dr. Bieber. It’s an honor to be
guided by a well-experienced Psychologist
given I’m still a newbie.
P2: You’re welcome. I can see my protégé and a bright future
ahead of you when I retire.

(shakes hands)
Reference:
Martin, B. (2019, June 19). In-Depth: Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. Retrieved May 6, 2020, from
https://psychcentral.com/lib/in-depth-cognitive-behavioral-
therapy/
Stay Safe!
5/6/20, 1:55 PM
Page 24 of 24

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