Controls For Information Technology, Reporting And Evaluation

Controls for Information Technology, Reporting and Evaluation
Running head: IT Controls Controls for Information Technology, Reporting and Evaluation Controls for Information Technology, Reporting and
Evaluation Information technology (IT) controls are particular functions performed by employees and operating systems specifically designed to
ensure business objectives and goals are met. Although IT controls are different than internal controls both are vital functions of an organization that
are both reported and evaluated on a regular basis. IT control objectives are based on confidentiality, integrity, data available, and general management
of IT functions of the organization. IT general and application controls are based on information technology environment, system operations, and...
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There are five main components of internal controls that are recognized by Control Objectives for Information Technology (COBIT) that are required
in financial reporting and disclosure objectives. These components consist of plan and organize, manage IT investments, acquire and implement,
deliver and support, and monitor and evaluate (Raval & Fichadia, 2007). Because of the recent increased need for internal controls, it is imperative
to make use of a framework structure that will create a design of useful controls for organizations as well as reporting obligations. COSO and COBIT
are both increasingly internationally accepted as adequate techniques for IT controls and related risks in the assessment of required reporting.
Evaluation Framework evaluation is based on IT controls that have a direct or indirect effect on the financial reporting. Annual reporting requires
organizations to refer to the evaluation criteria applied to assess the effectiveness of the organization's internal controls over financial reporting.
Evaluations of internal controls, such as control activities, risk assessment, information and communication, monitoring, and control environment help
reduce the possibility of fraud and crime. Control activities are a basic function of the organization transactions. Management must address the risks
and ensure the risks are properly assessed. Organizations must
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Information Technology, Internal Control, and Financial...
Information Technology, Internal Control,and Financial Statement Audits By Thomas A. Ratcliffe and Paul Munter In Brief ASB Tackles IT System
Control Risk Modern data processing systems pose new, risk–laden challenges to the traditional audit process. Whereas it was once possible to conduct
a financial statement audit by assessing and monitoring the controls over paper–based transaction and accounting systems, businesses have
increasingly turned to electronic transaction and accounting systems. SAS 94 offers guidance on collecting sufficient, competent evidence in an
electronic processing environment. It pays particular attention to identifying circumstances when the system of control over electronic processing must
be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ease of use. Electronic evidence often requires extraction of data by an expert, whereas paper evidence can be evaluated without additional tools.
Clarity. Competent evidence should allow the same conclusions to be drawn by different auditors performing the same tasks. The nature of electronic
evidence is not always clear. For example, similar record formats could lead to mistaking an EDI network transmission confirmation for a vendor's
order confirmation, in the absence of appropriate controls. Objectives of SAS 94 Prior to the release of SAS 94, although some guidance addressed
audit considerations in an IT environment, there had not been an update to the evaluation of controls and assessment of control risk since SAS 78. SAS
94 filled this gap. It is intended to fulfill the following objectives: Incorporate and expand the SAS 80 concepts to emphasize that an auditor may be
compelled in certain circumstances to obtain evidential matter about the effectiveness of the design and operation of electronic data controls. Describe
how IT may effect internal controls, evidential matters, the understanding of internal controls, and the assessment of control risk. Describe the internal
control benefits and risks of IT and describe how IT affects the components of internal control, particularly control activities, information, and
communication components. Provide guidance for deciding whether specialized skills are needed to

Information Technology and Information Systems
The Information technology industry, where nothing is predictable and constant change has become a usual trend, is now on its new phase of its
evolution stages. According to Richard L. Nolan, MBA Class of 1942 Professor of Business Administration: "Information Technology is no longer
being used as just a tactical resource, it's now fundamentally influencing business strategy and competition" (http://www.alumni.hbs.edu/bulletin/1997
/april/text/theory_text.html 04.02.06). This paper will examine and analyze the issues and challenges like the one that has been raised by Professor
Richard L. Nolan. The essay will be based on the case study of the company called Canon, which automated all its documentation and information flow
procedures by... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In these organizations, managers rely on instant information to deliver mass–customized products and services uniquely suited to the targeted markets.
The decentralized structure allows the managers to persuade informal commitments and networks to establish goals. In these kinds of organizations,
managers appeal to the knowledge, learning, and decision making of individual employees to ensure proper operation of the firm. Once again,
Information technology can perform these activities in the best manner. High usage of Internet since the mid–1990s caused significant organizational
redesign and has contributed the emergence of new phenomenon – Digital Firm. This is the fourth factor of environmental change which forced
companies to introduce new information technology, and can be described as the firm where the most processes are enabled digitally, as well as
relationship with customers, employees and suppliers. This is flattened organization where, any information required could be gained any time,
anywhere in the firm. The level of technology in such firm enables the managers to 'sense and respond' to its customers far more rapidly. For such
managers, Information is not a simple handmaiden, but rather it is the core of the business and primary management tool.
Although the advanced technology and efficient Information Systems bring many exciting opportunities such as: speed of processes and calculations,
learn and information obtaining,

What Is Important Tecnology or Moral Values
Information Technology and Moral Values Information technology is now ubiquitous in the lives of people across the globe. These technologies take
many forms such as personal computers, smart phones, the internet, web and mobile phone applications, digital assistants, and cloud computing. In fact
the list is growing constantly and new forms of these technologies are working their way into every aspect of daily life. In some cases, such as can be
seen in massive multiplayer online games (see section 2.1.1 below), these technologies are even opening up new ways of interacting with each other.
Information technology at its basic level is technology that records, communicates, synthesizes or organizes information. Information can be understood
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As you go through this thought experiment you begin to see the complex trail of data that you generate each and every day and how that same data
might be collected and stored though the use of information technologies. Here we can begin to see how information technology can impact moral
values. As this data gathering becomes more automated and ever–present, we must ask who is in control of this data, what is to be done with it, and
who will insure its accuracy. For instance, which bits of information should be made public, which held private, and which should be allowed to
become the property of third parties like corporations? Questions of the production, access and control of information will be at the heart of moral
challenges surrounding the use of information technology. One might argue that this situation is no different from the moral issues revolving around
the production, access and control of any basic necessity of life. But there is one major difference, if one party controls the access of some natural
resource, then that by necessity excludes others from using it. This is not necessarily so with digital information, it is non–exclusory, meaning we can
all at least theoretically possess the same digital information because copying it from one digital source to another does not require eliminating the
previous copy. Since there is no physical obstacle to the spread of

Management of Information Systems
Chapter 1
Information Systems in Global Business Today
(OPENING CASE: SMART SYSTEMS AND SMART WAYS OF WORKING HELP TOYOTA BECOME NUMBER ONE
Toyota has flourished in a highly competitive environment because it has created a set of finely–tuned business processes and information systems that
simultaneously promote agility, efficiency, and quality. It can respond instantly to customers and changes in the marketplace as events unfold, while
working closely with suppliers and retailers. The experience of Toyota and other companies described in this text will help you learn how to make your
own business more competitive, efficient, and profitable.
As part of its ongoing effort to monitor quality, efficiency and costs, Toyota... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It seems like every week we hear about thousands and thousands of people losing their jobs. Back in the 1980s most of the job losses were in the
blue–collar sector. In the 1990s it seems many of the cuts were made in the white–collar, management jobs. Why? Think about it. Technology, to a large
extent, has driven organizations to change the way they operate and that includes the way they manage. We're going to take an in–depth look at how
organizations work and how they've been transformed by technology on the world stage.
Information systems are the foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and even existence is difficult without extensive
use of information technology. No longer can we imagine going to work and conducting business without them. As a society we have come to rely
extensively on the use of information appliances such as cell phones, BlackBerrys, handhelds, and other hardware. Communicating and conducting
business is increasingly being carried out through the use of e–mail, online conferencing, and international teleconferencing over the Internet have all
become essential tools of business.
GLOBALIZATION OPPORTUNITIES
Next time you purchase a product, any product, look at the fine print and see where it's made. It could be China, or the Philippines, or a South
American company, or even in the United States. You can disagree with the fact that many manufacturing jobs are being moved from the United States

to

Doc, Adison Bank
IT STRATEGY AT ADDISON BANK
I.INTRODUCTION ADDISON BANK
Some information about Addison Bank and the bank's Credit Control Group (CCG)
–Addison Bank is one of Canada's largest financial institutions with 52,000 employees, CDN $331 billion in assets and CDN $15 billion in revenue.
In 2004, it was the second largest bank in Canada by assets and the third largest by market capitalization.
–The role of the CCG within Addison Bank was to oversee the collection of delinquent personal and small business loans. The IT systems in place to
support the CCG included databases to store information on the loans, software to keep track of contacts and repayments, analytical software to analyze
portfolio information, and IT hardware to host the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2.Evaluate project
вћўThe project was to evaluate the current state of the bank's Credit Control Group (CCG) IT infrastructure.
The current state of IT infrastructure at CCG:
–Limitations in the current technology platform
–Using two technology platforms
–CCG Information Technology Team (CCG IT) and centrally–located Technology Solutions (TS) were in disagreement on CCG's IT strategy
The changes being considered:
–Stop further investment in the platform
–Standardize operations on a single platform
–Looking for help from third party involvement–the selected vendor develop an IT strategy agreed upon by both parties (CCG IT and TS), develop a
recommendation for an optimal technology architecture to support the CCG's business vision and strategy.
вћўEvaluate project
–Addison Bank was less concerned with technical issues, but rather required focus on the business architecture. The chosen vendor would need a solid
technical background in addition to strong business strategy experience that could be applied in a technical environment. Deloitte had the expertise that
Addison Bank's CCG looking for.
–While Deloitte would not normally consider projects under $200,000, the Addison bank's project budget is CDN $100,000. But Addison Bank was
not a Deloitte customer, the project was expected to be strategically important despite its relatively small size. Deloitte couldn't meet profit targets

Technology & Management Functions
Technology and Management Functions
Introduction
"Information technology is transforming how business and government enterprises operate and, as a result, how people work. Information is the
critical raw material for decision making and the foundation for producing products and providing services. People create information; people use
information; people control information. The growing economic importance of information in modern society led sociologists such as Alvin Toffler
and John Naisbitt to characterize our society as the Information Age. In fact, more than half of today's workforce is employed in information–related
jobs, compared to less than 20 percent 30 years ago. Most of those people spend a significant portion of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For the first time since our existence, six years ago, we can forecast and adjust our goals throughout the fiscal year more efficiently. Our company
develops teams within the company with pertinent information, communications, and responsiveness to shared goals. Our technology is designed to
help connect people, information, and processes. Our employees use portals, communities of practice (COP), and intranet websites to work together
productively across the organization, no matter where they are. Customers and business partners can engage with your company in mutually beneficial,
collaborative relationships through our internet website. Employees, vendors, and customers can have direct access to the information, documents, and
capabilities they need. And, senior leadership and business managers can get to critical business performance metrics and analytical reports, work
together, and strategize with the help of our company 's business portals.
Currently, our websites, internal and external, are 'under construction' due to not being effective and user friendly for both our internal and external
customers. Within looking at the website, our company learned we are not reaching our intended audience when testing search engines. "If someone
gets to the point where they need to send an e–mail to a customer service rep, the Web site has failed. We 've realized that the 80
–20 rule applies:
Twenty percent

Competitive Advantage Through Value Chain And Vertical...
We are living in a world, where technology keeps changing on day–to–day basis. In this ever–changing world of technology, the question is how are
some companies doing better than the others and what are they doing to maintain competitive advantage? Rise of technology has given birth to
competition by giving companies new ways to perform at higher levels and this has also led to the ways companies are producing their products and
services. Technology has affected several sections of an organization by having an impact on business communications, company's HR practices, and
organizational changes. Therefore, in order to gain and maintain competitive advantage, a company must do one of the two; either produce goods
/services at a lower cost or produce innovative products in a way that leads to differentiation and a premium price.
Section 1: Competitive Advantage through Value–Chain and Vertical Integration
Companies are using value chain approach to better understand which key areas will give them the greatest edge over its competitors. They are
focusing on each division, distribution centers, pricing, product innovation, selling techniques, and value–chain formations.
Value chain is an important notion that highlights the role of information technology in the operations of a company. "A Value
–Chain is the whole
series of activities that create and build value at every step. The total value delivered by the company is the sum total of the value built up all
throughout the

Surveillance And Information Technologies For...
Surveillance is ubiquitous in societies that depend on communication and information technologies for administration and control processes (Lyon, 1).
Anyone who uses new media are subject to checking, monitoring and scrutinizing; it is near impossible to find an arena free from listening, watching
or tracking (Lyon, 2). Some suggest that not doing anything criminal means they ought to have no concerns with or that they are not interesting enough
as an individual to be worth surveying (Buettner, 2015) However, most internet users are unaware of their transparency and the volume of surveillance
they generate in their online behaviour (Wall, 344) Surveillance occurs in other new media also, biometrics fingerprinting, iris scanning, face
recognition software and data–collection. Lyon suggests, these technological developments and worldwide economic restructuring, along with the
commercialisation of the internet has lead to both localisation and globalisation of surveillance (Lyon, 3) This essay will discuss its ubiquity, three key
purposes of surveillance, social, commercial and state/or government surveillance and how the law manages.
When living in a contemporary, western context, one is endlessly subject to surveillance and it is near impossible to opt–out. When a new technology
arises, some time elapses before its implications are understood (Weiner, 11).Wiener analogises new technology with a double–edged sword, one end is
beneficial to humanity, the other may destroy

Information Technology : An Adaptive And Innovative...
1.Information Technology To Support Business Strategies To Become An Adaptive And Innovative Organization
2.Keywords; Information technology, Business, Strategy
3.Introduction
Information technology define by (Bourgeois, 2014) are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that individuals build
and use to collect, generate, and assign useful data usually in organizational. Information system are consistent working together to distribute
information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization. Information system has become
important to most of the organizations and businesses and nowadays it become foundation for all actions that performed in each organization.
Information technology is determined by the demands of the new, competitive business environment. Information technology come in the form of
many technologically innovative devices such as internet, computer, scanner, analytic tools, software and smart phone which help distribute important
information from top level to bottom level management which in turn use all these useful information generated to make crucial decision making
regarding the objective and mission of the organization itself.
According to (Gartner,2013) linking technology to business strategy is a essential, because the impact technology plays in helping to drive financial,
management and operational are tremendously effective, innovative and adaptive to affect

Effective Management in Healthcare Organizations Essay...
Effective Management in Healthcare Organizations
The present environments for healthcare organizations contain many forces demanding unprecedented levels of change. These forces include changing
demographics, increased customer outlook, increased competition, and strengthen governmental pressure. Meeting these challenges will require
healthcare organizations to go through fundamental changes and to continuously inquire about new behavior to produce future value. Healthcare is an
information–intensive process. Pressures for management in information technology are increasing as healthcare organizations feature to lower costs,
improve quality, and increase access to care. Healthcare organizations have developed better and more complex. ... Show more content on
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The manager must make certain that it take place in a organized way. Market–driven healthcare restructuring has directed to the development of
integrated delivery systems through mergers and changes in systems of imbursement for services. Healthcare organizations are undergoing the most
important reorganizations and modification to meet the increasing demands of improved healthcare access and quality as well as lowered costs. As the
use of information technology to development medical data increases, much of the critical information required to meet these challenges is being
stored in digital design (Austin & Hornberger, 2000). Web–enabled information technologies can present the means for larger access and more useful
integration of healthcare information from unlike computer functions and other information resources (Starkweather & Shropshire, 1994). Information
management is the effective, efficient, organization–wide planning, directing, and control of information within an integrated technology system.
Managing information technology in a business today is very different. Managers in healthcare organizations should treat information as a major type
of resource required to do business (Munsch, 2001). Healthcare organizations face increasing pressures to do more with less, so how well they
accomplish objectives is often a process of how they optimize the limited information technology resources they hold and not the pressure to

Qi Plan Part II : Form Madison Community Hosital
QI PLAN PART II
JEANA BARNES
HCS 589
PROFESSOR SANDBERG
July 6, 2015
QI PLAN PART II– FORM MADISON COMMUNITY HOSITAL (FMCH)
Focusing on improving quality service and managing care at Fort Madison Community Hospital is something they are striving to do daily. Managers
also have to take in account of looking at information technology and its applications. Using these they find benchmarking and milestones. By
discovering the benchmarking it will allow Fort Madison Community Hospital to better manage quality improvement so that it will be for effective
daily.
QI Methods
Improving service in healthcare organizations by using methods that are helpful in the QI process can be challenging. There are several methods they
can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some cons of Sigma Six is that it doesn't always provided useful skills for as far as prevention tools. Another downfall is that it can lead to
overspending.
Another method used by various and many organizations is product improvement. Product production improvement is preferred by improving the
product more and the product will produce more. There are several quality factors that lead to patient satisfaction while patients are looking for
improvements. By health care organizations such as Madison Hospital keeping up with improving their services and providing one step above their
competition is key to keep patient satisfaction rates up. One advantage of using product improvement is showering customers the hospital cares about
the services provided while considering their customers (or patients in this case). In addition, health care quality services also require other areas that
need improvements. Such as staff training, continuing education, updating technology, and plenty more. All of these require many resources not only
for improvements but for financial resources as well. Improvement on these can be a little more challenging to improve at any health care services.
Another method known for improvement is called people–based improvement. This method provided many advantages. This method is extremely
beneficial because it will include everyone from managers all the way down to the customers. People–based method

The Physical Control Structure Of Coast Foods
C. The physical control structure of Coast Foods has many problems.
In the sales order processing system, the sales department has no segregation of duties as they should not be approving credit since it is the credit
department's job. Credit approval is an authorization control done by a separate entity, the credit department, and needs to be separated from sales
processing.
The sales department also needs to send sales orders to the billing and shipping department which Coast Foods does not have.
The warehouse doesn't utilize a stock release document nor a back order file. There is no transaction authorization here to verify that there is not enough
inventory to supply the customer and that the company will need to purchase more. Without a stock release and an inventory control, the warehouse
employees have access control over the company's inventory with nobody supervising their activity.
The shipping department doesn't have a packing slip nor a shipping notice. There is no independent verification on the goods as the shipping function
doesn't reconcile the goods to verify that the order is correct. There is no bill of lading so the customer doesn't know the details of what they're
receiving.
There should be sales journals, shipping logs, customer order files, S.O. pending files, back order files, purchase requisition files, and journal vouchers
to have accounting records and leave an audit trail for the company because as of now, a lot of the activity the organization

Sofitech Computers Module 1 4
Sofitech computers
CASE LOgistics
Activity Type: Individual Case
Material/Resources You May Use: Open Book (Anything)
Deliverable(s): One document not to exceed 4 pages (single–spaced). Appendices, tables and figures do not count towards page size limit.
Background
The following provides high–level information about auditing a fictional entity, called Sofitec Computers, created for this case study. This case does not
include a complete description of the entity or the industry, nor does it provide comprehensive information on auditing; it is only intended to provide
the information that will be necessary and helpful in completing this case study and answering discussion questions.
The IT Controls Overview and IT General Controls ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sofitec is the sole occupant of a modern one–story building in an industrial park. The building is secured through locks controlled by an electronic
badge reader system. The building is also protected by security and fire alarm systems that are connected to the police department and fire
department, respectively. The SAP and FirstTrack servers along with the other key network servers are housed in a specially constructed computer
room within the facility. This room has one door that is protected by a lock controlled by the badge reader system. The badge reader system logs all
access to the door. audit strategy and approach
Sofitec Computers ("Sofitec" or the "Company") has engaged our firm to perform an audit of their financial statements for the year ending December
31, 2008. Our audit approach requires that we perform a risk based audit in which the amount of substantive testing ("work") we perform is contingent
on how effective the Company's internal controls are, the risk of the environment the company is operating in, and the amount of risk the firm is
willing to accept for issuing an improper audit opinion (i.e., Audit Risk Formula: Audit Risk = Control Risk x Inherent Risk x Detection Risk).
Our Audit Strategy includes following steps –
1. We identified significant business processes that affect the significant accounts, disclosures and related assertions for the financial

Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Using Ict For Teaching And...
1.Evaluate the effectiveness of using ICT to support teaching and learning.
Information communication technology (ICT) helps to learn theoretic development discoveries, treatment and support techniques for education and
curriculum. It gives teachers, higher level teaching assistant (HLTA) and children access to educational resources from around the globe anytime and
day. While using ICT, children learn concepts, history, ideas, theories and practices across culture when it is use in their classroom. HLTA and
teachers however have to know how and why they are using ICT and incorporate the concepts in: social responsibility, creativity,communication,
culture sensitivity, decision making technology application and usage. According to Andrews et al. (2006, p.5) "ICT has been defined as including
stand–alone computers, networked technologies with a multimodal interface, mobile phones with the capacity for a range of types of communication,
and other technologies that allow multimodal and interactive communication."
ICT is used by higher level teaching assistant (HLTA) to support children with special needs, such as children with hearing impairments to help them
communicate with others and participate in activities in classrooms. ACE Centre Advisory Trust, (1999) said "Students with special educational needs
are able to accomplish tasks working at their own pace" with assistive technology. Hearing aids and ICT are used to support those with hearing lost to
enhance hearing

Essay on Itgc Case Study
ISSUES IN ACCOUNTING EDUCATION Vol. 24, No. 1 February 2009 pp. 63
–76
Assessing Information Technology General Control Risk: An Instructional Case
Carolyn Strand Norman, Mark D. Payne, and Valaria P. Vendrzyk
ABSTRACT: Information Technology General Controls (ITGCs), a fundamental category of internal controls, provide an overall foundation for
reliance on any information produced by a system. Since the relation between ITGCs and the information produced by an organization's various
application programs is indirect, understanding how ITGCs interact and affect an auditor's risk assessment is often challenging for students. This case
helps students assess overall ITGC risk within an organization's information systems. Students identify ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, FFC relies on bar code scanners and credit/debit card readers. To maintain its competitive edge in its market area, FFC recently
implemented a п¬Ѓngerprint bio–coding payment system in all of its stores. This new systems implementation required that FFC change several of its
general–ledger application programs; in particular, those related to its cash receipts processing. FFC does not use any outside service organizations to
provide its IT services. Sophie Ewing, the audit senior who heads up your team, decided that because of FFC's complex and sophisticated IT
processing, an IT General Control (ITGC) review is mandatory to meet SAS 109's risk assessment procedures and SOX Section 404 Management
Assessment of Internal Controls requirements. You know that an ITGC review is very important because ITGCs provide the foundation for reliance on
any п¬Ѓnancial information FCC's systems produce. Your evaluation will affect the п¬Ѓnancial auditor in assessing the risk of material misstatement
in FFC's п¬Ѓnancials, and consequently, the audit plan. At your п¬Ѓrst team meeting, Sophie announced that your п¬Ѓrm's network security specialists
would review the technical issues related to FFC's internal controls. They will evaluate FFC's operating systems, its telecommunications software, and
its network conп¬Ѓguration and п¬Ѓrewalls. In preparation for the meeting, Sophie encouraged you to review the key provisions included in SAS 109,
SOX Section 404,

The Cloud Of Cloud Computing
2. "The cloud." Could computing is a new technology, which is receiving a lot of attention from businesses and information technology
companies. Cloud computing involves the subscribing services and obtaining a network based storage space as well as computer resources over
the Internet. Basically, cloud computing is the delivery of computing resources over the Internet. It gives people and businesses an opportunity to
make use of hardware and software that are under the control and management of third party companies located in remote locations. Some of the
examples of cloud services are webmail services such as Yahoo and Gmail, online business applications, online file storage and social networking
sites. The cloud computing technology enables companies to access information and other computer resources from any part where a network
connection is available. The technology provides a pool of resources that are shared. The pool of resources includes networks, data storage space,
and computer processing power and customized user and corporate applications. What cloud can do for companies? There are various benefits the
cloud can offer to companies. The first one is saving costs of the cloud. Choosing cloud enables the business to save money in many ways. For
example, cloud eliminates the need to invest in storage hardware as well as other physical infrastructure such as servers. In addition, companies will
save costs by eliminating the need to have a dedicated and full–time

Managing Technology in an Organization Essay
Managing Technology in an Organization We define information technology (IT) to include not only computer technology (hardware and software) for
processing and storing information, but also communications technology for transmitting information. Advances in computer and communications
technologies have enabled firms to pursue IT investments. This will help them to gain maximum advantage from their knowledge assets–to leverage
the knowledge of individual employees to the benefit of other employees and the organization as a whole. Businesses have strived to achieve a
competitive advantage in the past by competing in one of two ways: 1. By Cost– by being a low–cost producer of a good and service 2. By
Differentiation of a product... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over the years, Evans has built an international reputation for reliable project management, innovative product design and superior quality through
more than 2,000 high–profile installation's. Such high profile installations include customers as NASA, FedEx, EDS, AT&T, IBM, Dow Chemical,
Shell, United Airlines, FAA, and Deutsche Telekom. (See photo exhibits for examples of products and installs) Evans overall corporate strategy is
to provide high quality customized products at a competitive price to customers all around the world. As a part of this, IT has been implemented in
order to facilitate the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. With Evans corporate divisions and processing plants being dispersed over 4
locations around Calgary, IT has become a necessity. Information technology can be aligned with Evans' corporate strategic plans from the first to the
final step/process. To begin with, the majority of Evans existing or new clients are on a global scale and communication is vital since the products
being built are on a custom basis. Evans need to stay in constant contact in order to build a rapport and ensure that what they are building is
satisfactory for the customers needs. This is where the use

Controls for Information Technology and Reporting...
Controls for Information Technology and Reporting Evaluation
Week 6
Controls for Information Technology
Risk is a necessary undertaking for any business. Success in business is determined by effectively managing the risk. Effective risk management helps
to protect the company from losses because of poor accounting practices and fraud. Good controls also protect company management from the liability
when they certify the financial statements issued in the annual report because they are also certifying the internal controls. The internal control process
begins with management and the attitude that management portrays through the company. From this attitude, management gives direction, and the
direction becomes policies and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ability to install applications and modify system configuration is something that should be restricted to protect lay users from inadvertently
exposing the system to a control risk by modifying or installing an application, or making a system change that should not be done. The applications
themselves present another vulnerability for business. Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Access are very convenient applications for data storage. These
applications allow individual users the ability to generate powerful applications that are not in the direct control of the information technologies group.
These applications can house critical business data in a format that is outside of the control of the company. The users of an automated information
system represent the most significant vulnerability to the system. If the programmer is successful in developing air free code, it will do little good if
the user enters inaccurate information. If a company develops sound policies and procedures for the operation of an accounting information system,
they will be of little benefit if the policies and procedures are not implemented and followed. The user of an automated information system is both the
largest beneficiary of the results of the system and also the most likely component of the system to compromise the

Hebda And Czar Case Study
Hebda and Czar mentioned that Clinical and Administrative Information System were developed to function properly while assisting one or several
departments within an establishment. With the ongoing evolution in Healthcare Information System models, adopting or implementing an application
system that best fit the needs and standards of an organization can be challenging; especially with so many vendors to select from. There are many
factors associated with choosing the right vendors and adopting the right software. The organization needs to be mindful of the length of time required
to fully adapt, training process, costs, meaningful use, testing, the ability to add new technologies, etc. do you go with a single vendor, monolithic or
with multiple... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their features have a lot of similarities such as (reducing workload to maintain workflow, specimens tracking, error alert, and immediate availability of
results. Both are built for incorporation of new technologies, which is very important since Health Technology is evolving every day. When comparing
their features it appears that SCC Soft Computer provides higher and latest technology, but I have difficulty understanding few of their terminology
when describing their product features. Therefore, to me, I come to the conclusion that adapting to their application might be challenging and lengthy.
In contrast, I was able to relate more and was more familiar win how Cerner described their product features. Although they are aware of the market
competition and the meaningful use require by government and federal rule and regulation. They are more patient oriented for safety and the capacity
of the clinicians to utilize their product with no challenge, but using the product tools to improve patient care and safety. Also, they have two products
to choose from that best fit specific demand. Therefore, if given the opportunity, I would choose the Cerner application for their simplicity. To support
my choice, Cerner received a UX Award for best Clinical Healthcare Experience Power Chart Touch in 2013. For Administrative Information Systems in
Finance Information the two vendors are: NetGen Healthcare information system and

The Issues Of Technology And Technology
Introduction
Within this essay the issues to be discussed are problems about technology. Information technology is very important in today's world and is used
daily by many people all across the continents. Information technology has its pros and cons like other technology does, but one of the major
problems are security and privacy. The main issue of this topic would be cyber threats to computer networks. Examples are threats involving
denial–of–service attacks, malicious software, sniffers and more.
About Technology
Technology is a very important aspect in life that is used on a daily basis. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
There are many different types of technology used throughout the world today. Some are assistive technology used by individuals with disabilities,
medical technology that refers to the diagnostic or therapeutic application of science and technology to improve management of health conditions,
Communication technology, Information technology, transport technology and defense technology. Information technology is a term that contains all
forms of technology that are used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms. Examples are those such as business data, voice
conversations, still images, motion pictures and much more.
Information technology can be used in a good or bad way in today's world. It can help to promote stability and security or it can threaten security at the
same time.

Internal System Controls And Application Controls
Internal System Controls
Introduction
Now a days businesses rely mostly on technology. However, there are risks that business information systems face such as human input errors,
transactions or data input that are improperly approved prior to data input, and input controls that do not provide assurance that all transactions are
initially captured and recorded; these risks are all categorized as data origin risks. Business organizations combat this and other risks using General
Controls and Application Controls. Please keep reading to find out what this controls are and how this controls are used, as well as learn about other
risks that business face and their respective categories.
1.General Controls
General Controls consist of implementation controls, software controls, hardware controls, computer operations controls, data security controls and
administrative controls. These controls ensure that authorized user involvement as well as specific procedures and standards are followed, controlled
and are properly managed to secure physical and electronic data.
2.Application Controls
Application specific controls include data origin, data input, data processing and data output controls. These controls ensure accuracy, completeness,
validation, tracking and proper reliable distribution of data is attained in an organizational environment. Other application controls are application
access, audit trail and documentation controls; that ensure controlled segregated access to

The Importance Of Information Technology
One of the most technological advancements that facilitated the globalization of the world is IT(Information Technology). The innovation and the
advancement of Information Technology facilitated the move to a more globalized globe that we have today. Information Technology plays a major
role in different sectors around the world. Since the innovation of Information Technology from its infancy stage, it has been dynamically increasing,
changing, and innovating bringing new idea and advancements that plays a crucial role in different sectors across the globe such as in healthcare,
education system, journalism and media, government, and many other sectors. Treverton, G., Wollman, M., Wilke, E., & Lai, explains, "The rapid
pace of technological advancement, coupled with more than a century of intense globalization, has led to a highly interconnected world, characterized
by the unprecedented movement of goods, services, people, finances, and ideas both across and within borders"(Treverton, G., Wollman, M., Wilke, E.,
& Lai, D, 2001, p. 89). Education is one of the sectors that benefits from the advancement of Information Technology. Unwin states,"Whether you live
in Silicon Valley, Manchester or sub
–Saharan Africa, education and the Internet are the great equalizers in life"(Unwin, 2004, p. 3). According to
Unwin , the Internet is an important technological innovation that helps every one whether in developed countries or in developing countries to get
basic education

Data Visualization and Healthcare
Data Visualization and Healthcare
Lutalo O. Madzimoyo
University of Maryland University College
Turnitin Score 7%
Abstract
This research will examine the impact of data visualization as a megatrend on the delivery of healthcare. Information technology will have a profound
impact on the healthcare industry in the digital age. Data visualization tools and methodology represent a reimagined way for individuals who receive
healthcare to connect with data that will substantially change the way they will understand their health, maintain wellness, and receive healthcare
services. Data visualization tools will also impact how patient information is shared, diagnoses rendered and treatments designed based on model
integrated visual data ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Steurbaut, et al. (2013) query limiting is a technique used by developers to filter searches within a database by establishing program
parameters for searches that are designed to optimize returned results. One way a search within a database may establish parameters is by limiting the
sources from which information is drawn during queries (Steurbaut, et al., 2013). Query results will then be optimized because the information is
drawn from the most relevant sources. The COSARA imposes such limits on query results. The information to produce the image of infection is
drawn from the "Microbiology from the laboratory, DICOM images from the hospitals PACS server, Clinical data from the CIS, and Meta data
provided at time of antibiotic prescription" (Steurbaut, et al., 2013).
Data visualization empowering Prevention and control: COSARA example A great benefit of data visualization technology like COSARA within the
healthcare industry is that the computer generated image empowers physicians to see how an infection might be affecting the patient. Physicians can
determine the contagion level and establish controls (Steurbaut, et al., 2013). It is not only information about the patient that the infectious image
delivers, but how the disease may be spreading, the speed of the spread, and any concentrated areas of infection within the body. This kind of
knowledge greatly informs the approach within ICU to treatment, depth and breadth of knowledge about

Impact Of Information Technology In Business
Information technology: this word changed the face of the earth, lives of the people and everything in it. It changed everything not only by its
definition but also by sheer integration into the lives of people. One of the major reasons that information technology is integrated into every business
now is that it made life of every human being easy. It gave them daily comforts: both in personal and professional life. Among the many aspects of
information technology, one aspects that is giving competitive advantage to businesses and products is information. Because of information
technology and business application it creates, businesses are able to generate mammoth of data and trying to infer the behavior of consumer to create
products that will cater to the need of the consumers. According to Michael E. Porter (ME. Porter and Victor E. Millar, 1985), the information
technology has done 3 things with respect to the information: first, it changed every industry structure and how the businesses compete with each
other. Second, it gave platform build with information to the business to create competitive advantage in their product and services. And lastly, new
gathered information gave rise to new business and industry, which gave push to increase the economy of every country. According to the world bank
group, the GDP of the world has increased from $11.4 tn to $75 tn. This is 600% increase in business and revenue all over the world. Global revenue
from IT industry in around

Zou's Fencing Controls Essay
Fall
15
Fall
15
Case II report
Shasha Chen Professor: Dr. Maureen Mascha Date: 11/09/2014
Case II report
Shasha Chen Professor: Dr. Maureen Mascha Date: 11/09/2014
08
Fall
08
Fall
1.
Auditors should always evaluate the design and test the operating effectiveness of a company's internal control. The key procedures of the evaluation
of design are fulfilled by inquires, observations, and inspections. The same procedures can be used to test the operating effectiveness as well. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically speaking, in ZOU's case, auditors should obtain understandings over ZOU's Warehouse K system, Budgetpro, and PeopleSoft.
Another aspect relevant to the information technology is the system–generated data and reports. If auditors choose a control that uses some information
generated from the company's internal IT system, the effectiveness of the control requires obtaining audit evidence of the accuracy and completeness of
the internal information. In the ZOU's case, when testing of the controls over risk #2, auditors use reports, which are automatically generated by the
Warehouse K system. Auditors decide to further test the controls over accuracy and completeness. When testing the controls over risk #3, both monthly
reporting package and budget information are somewhat generated internally by ZOU's internal system. Depending on different systems, auditors
decide to further test controls for accuracy and completeness with respect to the monthly reporting package, which is generated from PeopleSoft.
Roll–forward of controls considerations

Due to the fact that auditors perform the interim procedures over the operating effectiveness testing in all of the three risks, auditors are required by
PCAOB to perform the roll–forward of controls. Depending on some factors, auditors should consider the nature, length and extent of the roll–forward
procedures. A specific

Internal Controls for Information Technology
Internal Controls for Information Technology
ACC 544
September 2, 2013
Miriam Shealy
Internal Controls for Information Technology Internal controls for Information Technology are important as they help protect the company's assets.
Internal controls are necessary to comply with the security of the company's information. Internal controls will be reviewed in this document as well
as how can the company review its security over their internal controls. The assets of the company need to be protected. In order to do so, the
company needs to review for risks. The company needs to develop a plan for what internal control measures they would want to put into place. Internal
controls will help guide how we protect our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Managing each case when they happen is important. The company may not have all of the protection they may need to protect their assets. Each case
that they come across should be managed and communities. This will allow the system to get stronger when a leak happens. The company will need
to communicate the changes that are necessary with the people that use their systems, and install their protocol to their systems. This will need to be
tested and monitored to make sure it is working properly. The main objective is to not let the case happen again to the system. Finally, the company
should have a backup plan in case of an emergency or a melt down on the system. The company's backup plan should consist of having another system
that can function if the main system goes down due to a natural disaster or an internal issue. The company will need to protect both systems in a secure
location. This would include backing up the companies data to the secondary location. This will help to minimize the loss of any information. The
company will still should be able to function in case of something happening, such as a tornado, hurricane, or earthquake. The company will need to
decide what they feel is necessary to their business to implement on their backup plan. In summary, the company needs to manage, monitor, and protect
their assets as much as they can. The company having a backup plan is part of the protection to keep the company going.

Adventures Of An IT Leader
The Business Value of IT
Introduction
As we have learned throughout this course, the value of information technology has been one of the most influential aspects of conducting business.
Information technology is used on a daily basis at all organizations, and it has grown exponentially throughout the course of history. Organizations
purchase and implement information technology to gain a competitive edge over their competitors. This dates all the way back to the invention of the
steam engine, in the mid–1800s, which allowed finished products to be mass transported by the railroad system. The companies and corporations that
used the rail system gained a competitive advantage over smaller companies that used other modes for transporting their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The major elements are cost efficiency, eliminating wastes, and researching future IT investments. In the IT Doesn't Matter article, three main points
were outlined, and they were spend less, follow, don't lead, and focus on vulnerabilities, not opportunities. Overspending has always been a major issue
in regards to applying new technology, and it is important to execute an IT budget for any organization. Office Depot adopted new technology to
improve all of their operations, especially in the supply chain. They were able to increase efficiency, while modernizing their budget. Information
technology can benefit any organization if they are researched thoroughly and will improve the business needs of the organization. If it will not
improve the business needs, there is no need to invest in expensive technology. The most important phase in the system development life cycle is the
systems analysis phase. The goal of this phase is to identify what problems need to be fixed and breaking down how the system will benefit all users.
Therefore, the business needs need to be identified and outlined before new technology is adopted into an organization's business model. Once new
technology is applied, organizations must continue to research information technology. If organizations follow these elements of

Technology Commercialization And Information Controls
GUEST LECTURE SUMMARY:
Technology commercialization and information controls:
Technology commercialization: The main aim of this lecture is to make us understand about technology commercialization and information control.
Firstly the key terms (discovery, invention, technology, commercialization) are used to make us understand the term technology commercialization by
showing the relationship between them.
Discovery – finding a previously unknown natural law, material, property or other information – basic science/research (quantum mechanics, genetics,
periodic table, relativity, DNA)
Invention – creating a prototype of a machine or process based upon discoveries (first transistor, LASER, radio, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Information control:
In business and accounting, information technology controls (or IT controls) are specific activities performed by persons or systems designed to ensure
that business objectives are met. They are a subset of an enterprise 's internal control.
Commercial companies protect information for making profits and to increase the share value. The main three things in commercial information
control are patent, copyrights and trade secrets/propritery information.
1)Patents are used to protect concepts, inventions and designs.
2)Copyrights protect publications like books and recordings
3)Any information protected as proprietary or trade secrets (business processes, internal organization, internal research).
Employees may have to sign agreements not to disclose sensitive information outside company (NDA, PIA).
Employees to have to sign non–compete agreements should they change employers Suppliers and partners may also be bound by NDAs or PIAs.
Most technology commercialization involves information control. If the customer is from another company then the information will be provided on
contractual obligations. Like business plans and organization, inventions and trade secrets, suppliers and organization and all the vital information is
not shared if they have to share the information its all done in contract bases.
Commercial technical information often termed "Intellectual Property" or "IP".
US Legal Basis – Commercial Information

Organizational Philosophies and Technology Analysis
Organizational Philosophies and Technology Analysis
Abstract
The following pages focus on analyzing the influence of technology on organizational philosophies. The most important issues addressed by the paper
refer to the use of technology in developing ethical standards, the influence of technology on the workplace environment, and the use of technology in
human resources management.
Technology and organizational Philosophies
Organizations and their environments are based on sets of philosophies that are used as guidelines in developing their activity and in reaching their
objectives. The ethical standards of companies present increased levels of importance because of their implication on companies' activity, and
relationships with customers, business partners, and governments. These ethical standards and guidelines are managed with the help of technology.
The evolution of technology has significantly influenced companies' ethical standards and guidelines. These companies use technological
advancements in order to ensure that the confidential information that they have regarding clients or their activity is not made public to interested
parties. In order to reach this objective, companies use IT programs like firewalls, programs that are protected by passwords, security policies, and
others.
The problems with technology rely on the fact that the attacks on companies' confidential information increase and this determines them to increase
their efforts and

The Digital Divide across the World
This research paper investigates the combined vision of term 'digital divide' and factors influencing digital divide drawing on data of various continents
including Australia and Europe. Secondly, the positive and negative developments to the society that may develop from linking the gap. Finally,
advantages and disadvantages to the people that aids in growing their lives at personal, business, employment and global level to profit countries.
The term digital divide refers to the gap between individuals with economical access to digital and information technology compared those with
restricted or no access in any respect. It includes the unevenness between physical access to technology and also the resources and skills required to
successfully participate as a digital citizen. Knowledge divide reflects the access of assorted social groupings to information and knowledge, gender,
income, race, and by location (Jadhao 2013).
The digital divide originates from the gradual distribution of advanced machineries. It is the standard and certain outcome of richer community and
nations work with and implementing technologies since they need excessive revenue. Similar "divides" has happened with every primary electronic
component. Over time, the divide ceases as the technology grow to be affordable and well examined.
In order to understand the term 'digital divide' it is crucial to recognize the terms such as ICT and Access. Information and communications technology
(ICT) is

Essay on Information Technology and the Impact on the...
Essay on Information Technology and the Impact on the Future Work Culture
Introduction:
Advances in information technology will revolutionize human civilization. Never before has knowledge been so easily as instantly accessible as it is
now. Information has the power to change culture customs and communities.
Development of Thought:
No other technology in the last 300 years has had the kind of impact that information technology will have on the social, political and economic fabric
of society. Information technology will change the way we think, act, educate, and associate.
The Information revolution will have far–reaching implications on political ideologies and social thought– It will invade not only offices and homes
but also farms and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With modern, electronics hardware, information is available on computer and television terminals to everybody in a variety of forms and formats, this
forces openness.
Information technology is bound to bring about cultural transformation in many developing and socialist nations. The information thread will help in
networking various cultures and conflicts. New information systems also provide accessibility and connectivity.
Together, these two concepts provide networking of information and people the world over. Now large data bases are accessible freely to people
through international telecom networks. These data bases contain a variety of information on technology, trade, business, patents, travel, entertainment,
and finance, for people to share and interact.
Through these, specialists get connected to one another to enhance their knowledge and interests. By providing an interactive capability these networks
serve a special role in networking international talent.
Today we are moving products and tomorrow we would be moving ideas. The nineteenth the twentieth century transport systems will be inadequate in
the twenty–first century. Moving ideas and information is more difficult and will require a great deal of innovations.
In the nineteenth century, we had post offices to move ideas through letters and in the twentieth century, we have telecom to "love ideas through voice
communication for the twenty–first

Sample Information Security Policy
Preamble DooDads4Sale.com acknowledges an obligation to ensure appropriate security for all Information Technology data, equipment, and processes
in its domain of ownership and control. This obligation is shared, to varying degrees, by every member of the company. This document will: 1.
Enumerate the elements that constitute IT security. 2. Explain the need for IT security. 3. Specify the various categories of IT data, equipment, and
processes subject to this policy. 4. Indicate, in broad terms, the IT security responsibilities of the various roles in which each member of the university
may function. 5. Indicate appropriate levels of security through standards and guidelines.
Scope of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Advice and opinions on the Policy will be given by: Information Technology Policy Committee (ITPC) Information Technology Management
Committee (ITMC) Senior Executive Group (SEG) Formulation and maintenance of the policy is the responsibility of the Director, Information
Technology Services Unit of the Business Office. 2. Policy Implementation. Each member of the company will be responsible for meeting
published IT standards of behavior. IT security of each system will be the responsibility of its custodian. 3. Custodians. ITS will be the custodian of
all strategic system platforms. ITS will be custodian of the strategic communications systems. ITS will be custodian of all central computing
laboratories. Offices and Units will be custodians of strategic applications under their management control Individuals will be custodians of desktop
systems under their control. 4. Individuals. All ordinary users of company IT resources: Will operate under the "Conditions of Use" provisions of
the "Standards and Guidelines for All Users of Company Computing and Network Facilities." Must behave under the "Code of Practice" provisions
of the "Standards and Guidelines for All Users of Company Computing and Network Facilities." Are responsible for the proper care and use of IT
resources under their direct control. 5.

Is Smart Making Us Dumb Summary
The article "Is Smart Making Us Dumb?" by Evgeny Morozov was published by "The Wall Street Journal" in 2013, but it remains relevant today. The
author raises the issue of "smart technology", their harmless and the hidden gist. Evgeny Morozov in his article "Is Smart Making Us Dumb?"
describes several new "smart" technologies that help to solve various problems. The author considers that "smart" technologies are exerting pressure in
humans, control their lives and freedom of choice. "These objects are no longer just dumb, passive matter" – the author says. Morozov classifies the
technology into "good" and "bad". "Good" technology expands our capabilities, and provide freedom of choice. "Bad" technology offers only one way
to act, decide what to do. Morozov proposes that the technologies should not affect the private human space, the freedom of choice, decision–making.
Smart technologies are becoming more intrusive and controlling. "It's great when the things around us run smoothly, but it's even better when they
don't do so by default"– believe author. An alive person with his or her... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The article is aimed primarily at young people, users of smart technologies. The author tries to make readers think more about technologies, see the
adverse effects of smart technologies. Morozov reaches the target, effectively using different strategies such as many examples of the latest
inventions, logic, word choice and tone, pathos. The main idea of the article obvious expresses his point: " But the central idea is clear: social
engineering disguised as product engineering". The author knows very well how to interest his audience, as he is part of them. Evgeny Morozov is a
contributing editor at The New Republic and author of "The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom" and "To Save Everything, Click Here:
The Folly of Technological

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of BYOD
Addressing Security Concerns in BYOD through Sandboxing Abhishek Mishra (Author) Information Technology Department, Sardar Patel Institute of
Technology Mumbai, India Bhishm Narula (Author) Information Technology Department, Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Mumbai, India Dhara
Vyas (Author) Information Technology Department, Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Mumbai, India Dr Radha Shankarmani (Author) Information
Technology Department, Sardar Patel Institute of Technology Mumbai, India Abstract
– A new trend of implementing Bring Your Own Device
(BYOD) as an IT policy is being adopted by companies worldwide. It permits employees to bring their own portable devices like tablets,... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of these are based on virtualization of the device, others offer specialized applications for specific business processes such as emails or VPNs.
Furthermore, some products offer remote connections to the enterprise networks. Most of these solutions, however, exhibit the disadvantage that they
either require a modification of the underlying operating system/kernel or a rooted device. In the traditional case, the device being used by the
employee is provided by the company and IT officials of the enterprise can make the necessary modifications to the device kernel and Operating
System (OS), to enforce that the required enterprise policies cannot be bypassed by employees. For instance, the enterprise could certify a certain OS
configuration and guarantee the correct execution of binaries. But modifying the OS of an employee device is not an appealing solution since it
prevents employees from installing updates on their devices, and it requires the consent of the employee. Moreover, in BYOD scenarios, these
solutions cannot be deployed. This stems from the fact that given the device does not belong to the enterprise, the latter does not have any justification
in modifying the underlying

Information Security Policies
1. Introduction
Public sector always play a major role in the development and growth of the economic mostly in the developing nations,but when modern facilities like
information and communication technologies (ICT), are applied it will improve the public sector greatly and contributes to better services processes
that can address citizens as well as government services. Also, information technology (IT) has become a real force in the process of transforming our
social, economic and political life's, there is little chance for nations or regions to progress without the incorporation of information technology.
Furthermore, corporate governance deal with different people who are united as one entity with the power and authority to direct, control and rule
organization.(Ruin,2001).
Obviously, information system in Zanzibar and most developing nations like Kenya are facing serious challenges. These include: governmentpolicy,
non–availability of fund, inadequate infrastructure and inadequate skill.
1.1GOVERNMENT POLICY
Information security policy is challenging in non–industrialize nations because of mismatch between the current and the future system owing to the
huge gap in physical, cultural, economic and different other contexts between the software designer and the place the system is being implemented.
(Heeks,2002).
Also, documentation policy is a problem, because many factors which could allow individuals to access the services effectively is not recognized, that
is, the

IT General Controls Risk Assessment Report Essay
IT General Controls Risk Assessment Report
Foods Fantastic Company
Background:
In accordance with our IT audit plan, the Foods Fantastic Company (FFC) Audit Team has performed an ITGC review of the 5 critical ITGC areas
and in–scope applications so as to enable the audit team to follow a controls–based audit approach and be able to rely on the IT controls in place at
FFC. FFC is a publicly traded, regional grocery store located in the mid–Atlantic region which relies on many state–of–the–art IT systems and software
and which are all managed in–house.
Purpose:
We hope to gain comfort that FFC's systems, IT practices, and risk management procedures are working properly and are operationally effective within a
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A steering committee comprised of personnel from internal audit, information systems, and the finance department are involved in developing the
policies of and reviewing the operations of the IT department. This cross–departmental committee helps align the goals of the IT department and the
firm as a whole, and helps establish segregation of duties at the manager level so as to establish a culture of openness. Taking this idea of establishing
segregation of duties at the managerial level, we find comfort in the fact that the Chief Information Officer (CIO) reviews the logs of the VP,
Applications. It is also worthy to note that the IT department has 4 executives that are responsible for different areas of the department and which the
CIO is ultimately responsible for reviewing. Although the CIO manages the IT department as a whole, there are 3 levels of management, as the CIO
reports to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and thus mitigates the risk that oversights or fraudulent activities will be missed. IT Management is a
very important area as this helps dictate the tone of the department and helps establish the policies that are in place, but through our review of this
ITGC area, we find little risk associated with IT Management and have found evidence that the audit team can rely on the controls put in place.
We have also assessed Systems Development to be

QI Plan Part Two
QI Plan Part Two
At Fort Madison Community Hospital they are focus at continuing improving quality service and managing care within the facility. To do this they
have to measure accurately by different methods of quality improvement strategies. The managers also have to look at information technology
applications and use benchmarking, milestones to help manage quality improvement to have a more effective facility.
Quality Improvement Methodologies
Health care managers need to improve quality services in health organizations. To improve these quality services they have to use methods that are
proven helpful in the QI process. For example, Six Sigma is used to display and measure quality improvement data. It is also used to measure ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
FMCH needs that data–driven well–disciplined method. Six sigma can display performance method quantitatively and can meet the demand of
organizational data–driven methods (Six Sigma Academy, 2010). It can also save the organization money on a yearly basis. It is beneficial to FMCH
and it will ensure quality improvement and save the organization money.
Information Technology Application
Electronic medical record or EMR is information technology applications. These are helping managers improve methods in facilities. Health care
technology is improving and evolving EMR is an important part of that component. Health information technology helps with health care organization
to keep an accurate track with patient medical information. There is also Clinical Decision Support System that helps with figuring out diagnostic
treatment recommendations it helps nurses or doctors it is referred as CDSS. Electronic Management Material is used in health facilities or EMM
helps with tracking inventory, such as medical supplies, pharmaceuticals, and others. These applications help to improve quality in the health care
facility or services at FMHC. It helps managers keep accurate data to make sure doctors have the right information on patients and his or her care. The
managers at FMHC can look through the CDSS databases and collect the correct information to see warnings on drug interactions on prescriptions to
clinical protocols. The EMM can ensure the organization has the supplies

Information Technology For Educational Development
CHAPTER2: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
LEARNING OBJECTIVE
1.To Study the concept of Educational Technology
2.Characteristics and scope multimedia approach
3.Nature and Characteristics of Educational Technology
4.To study the objectives and scope of educational Technology
5.Functions and Mass media with satellite Learning.
INTRODUCTION
Since the development of the radio, people have proposed that communications technology provide major improvements in the delivery of education.
Research on "teaching machines" dates back to the 1940's before the general introduction of computers into the marketplace. Since that time there has
been continual research development and implementation of techniques for using information technology in various aspects of education. OTA
investigated what is known and what has been proposed about possible applications of information technology to education. Information technology is
capable of becoming major resources for the delivery of educational services over the next decade:
It can be an affairs delivery mechanism existing forms of education.
It provides capabilities for responding to new demands that traditional schoolroom education cannot meet adequately.
The cost of information products and services for educational applications will continue to drop with respect to other items in the educational budget.
The principal benefits will be realized from combinations of new technologies rather than from any

Controls For Information Technology, Reporting And Evaluation

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