Why are culture media sterilized before they are used Do you think .pdf

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Why are culture media sterilized before they are used? Do you think that slants are autoclaved before or after they are solidified? Explain. Solution Answer:-4:-The culture media are sterlized for preventing the explant from being infected by bacteria, spores or fungal infectuon. Its done through milipore filter because autoclaving would decompose the organic nutrients (Amino acids, vitamins, glucose) as they are thermo labile. Answer:-4:-Slabts are autoclaved before beacuse after autoclaving it would melt agar nutrient medium..

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A.horizontal shift 2 units to the left and vertical shift 5 units up.pdf

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1. inside source IP address and port number 172.16.1.20:20 translated outside IP address 68.68.68.1:80 1. VPN address translation 2. Network address port translation 3. DMZ address translation 4. Network address translation 2. How many ports are used by computers for TCP/IP network traffic? 1. 65500 2. 1024 3. 65535 4. 6553 3. Which command prompt utility allows administrators to determine the actual path from one computer to another? 1. tracert 2. NAT 3. dns flush 4. ping 4. Which UNIX tool is used to do a scan on itself? 1. traceroute 2. DHCP 3. netstat 4. ping localhost 5. Which type of VPN would be used to allow an organization to leverage the Internet backbone to build a secure WAN between office branches? 1. remote user vpn 2. HTTP VPN 3. DMZ vpn 4. remote office vpn 6. What type of firewall uses routers with rules to grant or deny access based only on source address, destination address, and port number? 1. packet-filtering gateway 2. application gateway 3. layer 3 gateway 4. hybrid gateway 7. A _______ attack will automatically attempt thousands or millions of passwords to gain access to a system. 1. worm 2. virus 3. dictionary 4. logic bomb 8. What protocol is are layers 6 and 7 of the OSI model based on? 1. TCP/IP 2. IPsec 3. FTP 4. PPTP 9. Which network services provides the mapping and translation of domain names to IP addresses? 1. HTTP 2. DHCP 3. DNS 4. FTP 10. With a proxy server enabled on a firewall, the firewall stores web pages where? 1. Local usb drive 2. RAM 3. Local hard drive 4. FTP server 11 The ________ provides definitions for seen layers, which each layer provides services that depend on higher level layers depend on. 2. TCP 3. FTP 4. OSI 5. DNS 12. Which of the ways listed below can firewall security be completely bypassed? (Multiple answers) 1. HTTP sites are never secure 2. E-mail is never secure 3. A computer not owned by the enterprise should never be connected to the enterprise 4. Files from home computers and files from office computers should never commingle. Solution Q1 4. Network address translation Q2 3. 65535 Q3 1. tracert Q6 1. packet-filtering gateway Q7 2. virus.

1. inside source IP address and port number 172.16.1.2020translat.pdf

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25. How many integers between 1 and 1400 are divisible by either 2 o.pdf

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6. Which of the following epithelia andor cell surface modifications.pdf

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6,7,8,9,10,11,12 6. movement of a solvent (usually water) to regions of The B. transport. C. diffusion. lower concentration is caled D. pumping. E. 7. A solution with a lower solute concentration than what it is being compared to is called B. hypertonic. C. D. hypnotic. 8. In fungi, and plants the high intermal pressure generated by osmosis is counteracted by the mechanical strength of their A. plasma B. organelles. C. cytoskeletons D. E. flagella. 9. The process of taking a solid into a cell is A. osmosis. B. pinocytosis. C. phagocytosis. D. diffusion. E. active transport. Solution 6). Osmosis 7). hypertonic 8). Cell walls 9). Phagocytosis 10). Facilitated diffusion 11).Exocytosis 12). Endocytosis.

6,7,8,9,10,11,12 6. movement of a solvent (usually water) to regions.pdf

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1- An information security manager routinely monitored Web Surfing among her company\'s employees. She discovered that many employees were visiting the \"sinful six\" web sites (Note: The \"sinful six\" are web sites with material related to pornography, gambling, hate, illegal activities, tastelessness and violence.) She then prepared a list of the employees and their surfing histories and gave the list to management. Some managers punished their employees. Some employees, in turn, objected to the monitoring claiming that they should have a right to privacy.With this in mind, please answer the following two questions: a- Is monitoring of web surfing by managers ethical, (it is legal to do this)? -- Support your answer. b- Is employee web surfing on the \"sinful six\" ethical? Support your answers. 2-Discuss the idea that an information system by itself can rarely provide a sustainable competitive advantage. Justify your position. 3- Discuss why the Sarbanes-Oxley Act is having an impact on information security. Support your answer. 4- How are the network applications of communication and collaboration related? Do communication tools also support collaboration? Give Examples. (NOTE: there are two questions that need to be answered in your response. I will be looking to see if both questions are answered accordingly) 5- Explain why master data management is so important in companies that have multiple data sources. Solution Ans 1. a) Yes, monitoring of web surfing is ethical and an important duty of both network administrator and Information Security managers too. Any unethical use of the system can be detected only by scrutinizing the system. Though in the given scenario, some employees think it to be intrusion of their privacy but using organizational resources for their own private uses, and that too surfing pornographic sites, in office hours is completely unethical both professionally and morally. As the company must have female employees too and surfing pornography in front of them has high probability of causing embarrassment to them. Company has provided the computer and internet connection for official works only but using them for own personal use is at all not acceptable. Hence it is the employees’ duty to use office provided computer and internet connection for office works only and not to stray into one of the “sinful six” websites. b) No, it is not ethical on part of the employee to surf sites like “sinful six”. Firstly, the organization must definitely have female employees and surfing pornographic sites will definitely cause embarrassment to them. Secondly, the computer and internet resources provided by the company are for official purpose only. Wasting company resources and time on visiting sites related to pornography, gambling is not ethical for employees. Thirdly, several companies have clearly stated policies on refraining use of official IT resources on visiting sites especially related to pornography or gambling. Hence .

1- An information security manager routinely monitored Web Surfing a.pdf

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1. Europeans view Americans as people similar in ideas and culture. However, Americans tend to disagree with the European viewpoint. This situation exemplifies _____. Solution Cultural Superiority or \"Ethnocentrism ================================== Ethnocentrism is judging another culture exclusively by the qualities and standards of one\'s own way of life. Ethnocentric people judge different gatherings in respect to their own ethnic gathering or culture, particularly with sympathy toward dialect, conduct, traditions, and religion. These ethnic refinements and subdivisions serve to characterize every ethnicity\'s one of a kind social personality.

1. Europeans view Americans as people similar in ideas and cultur.pdf

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(TRUE / FALSE) The use of swap rates rather than treasury rates as a basis for pricing fixed-rate debt came about partly as a result of events (such as the Russian debt default) causing “flights to quality” that distorted US treasury yields as reflective of true long-term risk. Solution Its true because treasury rate is not reflecting true risk for the pricing fixed rate debt. Swap rate is good proxy for treasury rate for pricing fixed rate debt..

(TRUE FALSE) The use of swap rates rather than treasury rates as a.pdf

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Can a single magnetic pole (either a north pole or a south pole) be isolated? Can it exist by itself? Explain. Can a single charge (either a positive charge or a negative charge) exist by itself? List some sources of magnetic fields. How are they produced? What is the source of Earth\'s magnetic field? How does Earth\'s geographic North Pole correspond to a magnetic south pole? Explain. How do different poles (north and south) interact with each other (e.g. attract or repel). Solution a) single magnetic pole are hypothetical elements; mono poles can not exist ; and it is not possible to either seperate north pole or south pole. Magnetic poles exist always in pairs with north and south on either end , how small you cut a magnet into pieces even into atomic scale you will eventually creating a north and south pole but never a mono pole. b)Mono poles exist in electric field; a single positive charge can exist sperated from a single negative. but the net charge of the universe is alwasy zero ; we can creat positive and neagtive charges in pairs and seperate them individually , such that the existanceof one will not influence the other . but for evey positve charge in this universe there is a negative charge created. c)earth magnetic field is the alwasy present untill there is motion of the hot molten metallic currents at the centre of earth. in general current produces magnetic field ; some of the magnetic sources are hard disk drives have thin magnetic coating; magnetic compass needles and some naturally occuring magnetic materials. earth points its magnetic north to the magnetic south pole ; since earth behaves like a tiny magnet placed in magnetic field of sun. so a tiny magnetic always shows its geographic north to the magnetic south pole when placed near a magnet. d) opposite poles attract and like poles repel ; north repels north and south repels south ; north attracts south and vice versa.

Can a single magnetic pole (either a north pole or a south pole) be i.pdf

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Write a recursive function in java named fib that will accept one int parameter greater than or equal to one, then calculate the Fibonacci sequence of that number. Formula: Fn = Fn - 1 + Fn - 2. Please do not use loops. Also, this is only my second java class so please keep answer simple enough. Thanks Solution public int fib(int n) { if(n==0) return 0; else if(n==1) return 1; else return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2); }.

Write a recursive function in java named fib that will accept one in.pdf

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What recent and past actions have Canada and the US taken to counteract their exchange rates with the economy in such distress over the past 10 years? Solution Since 2007, the world has experienced a period of severe financial stress, not seen since the time of the Great Depression. This crisis started with the collapse of the subprime residential mortgage market in the United States and spread to the rest of the world through exposure to U.S. real estate assets, often in the form of complex financial derivatives, and a collapse in global trade. Many countries were significantly affected by these adverse shocks, causing systemic banking crises in a number of countries, despite extraordinary policy interventions. Systemic banking crises are disruptive events not only to financial systems but to the economy as a whole. Such crises are not specific to the recent past or specific countries – almost no country has avoided the experience and some have had multiple banking crises. While the banking crises of the past have differed in terms of underlying causes, triggers, and economic impact, they share many commonalities. Banking crises are often preceded by prolonged periods of high credit growth and are often associated with large imbalances in the balance sheets of the private sector, such as maturity mismatches or exchange rate risk, that ultimately translate into credit risk for the banking sector. Crisis management starts with the containment of liquidity pressures through liquidity support, guarantees on bank liabilities, deposit freezes, or bank holidays. This containment phase is followed by a resolution phase during which typically a broad range of measures (such as capital injections, asset purchases, and guarantees) are taken to restructure banks and reignite economic growth. It is intrinsically difficult to compare the success of crisis resolution policies given differences across countries and time in the size of the initial shock to the financial system, the size of the financial system, the quality of institutions, and the intensity and scope of policy interventions. With this caveat we now compare policy responses during the recent crisis episode with those of the past. The policy responses during the 2007-2009 crises episodes were broadly similar to those used in the past. First, liquidity pressures were contained through liquidity support and guarantees on bank liabilities. Like the crises of the past, during which bank holidays and deposit freezes have rarely been used as containment policies, we have no records of the use of bank holidays during the recent wave of crises, while a deposit freeze was used only in the case of Latvia for deposits in Parex Bank. On the resolution side, a wide array of instruments was used this time, including asset purchases, asset guarantees, and equity injections. All these measures have been used in the past, but this time around they seem to have been put in place quicker (for detailed informatio.

What recent and past actions have Canada and the US taken to counter.pdf

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What are the protocols in data transfer between CAD systems? Which one is most widely used? What types of data may not be transferred accurately or correctly? Solution Answer- Transferring CAD files electronically is the norm, rather than the exception, for today\'s manufacturing world. In the past, shops relied on blueprints.File translation is a process in which one data format is converted into another. File translators are written independently by each CAD or CAM software company. Some design teams may use several different types of CAD packages to communicate with different teams or complete specific functions. One design model may be exported and imported into several CAD packages before the final file reaches manufacturing. There are numerous file formats on the market today. You can encounter IGES, CADL, DXF, ASCII, NCAL, PAR, PRT, SAT, SUP, STL, X_T, MODEL, the various European and American automotive formats, and other file extensions.The International Standards Organization (ISO) is working with American, European and Asian businesses and government agencies to implement a standard for transferring electronic data, called the International STandard for the Exchange of Product Model Data (STEP).STEP, called Application Protocols (APs), which are built into a common data model. A well-built CAM translator translates all types of files quickly and accurately.

What are the protocols in data transfer between CAD systems Which o.pdf

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What do you think is the best medium for transmission of a signal? Please explain your answer. Solution TRANSMISSION MEDIA The means through which data is transformed from one place to another is called transmission or communication media. There are two categories of transmission media used in computer communications. 1. BOUNDED MEDIA: Bounded media are the physical links through which signals are confined to narrow path. These are also called guide media. Bounded media are made up o a external conductor (Usually Copper) bounded by jacket material. Bounded media are great for LABS because they offer high speed, good security and low cast. However, some time they cannot be used due distance communication. Three common types of bounded media are used of the data transmission. These are UNDUIDED MEDIA Unguided media, or wireless communication, transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. Unguided Transmission Media consists of a means for the data signals to travel but nothing to guide them along a specific path. The data signals are not bound to a cabling media and as such are often called Unbound Media. Signals are broadcast through air and thus are available to anyone who has a device capable of receiving them. In wireless communication, transmission and reception are achieved using an antenna. Transmitter sends out the electromagnetic signal into the medium. Receiver picks up the signal from the surrounding medium. Wireless transmission can be divided into three groups: radio waves, microwave, and infrared waves. The section of the electromagnetic spectrum defined as radio communication is divided into eight ranges, called bands. These bands are rated form very low frequency (VLF) to extremely high frequency (EHF). Transmission medium Unguided medium. There 4 basic types of Guided Media : Open Wire, Twisted Pair, Coaxial Cable, and Optical Fiber. Coaxial cable (or coax) carries signals of higher frequency ranges than twisted-pair cable. A fiber-optic cable is made of glass or plastic and transmits signals in the form of light..

What do you think is the best medium for transmission of a signal P.pdf

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We selected a sample of 14 respondents from the 2006 MTF. We present their number of moving (traffic) violations in the last 12 months along with their residential area (residential area is the independent variable). Use the proceeding output to discuss the significance of the F and P values. Is the relationship between city size and traffic violations significant? Solution Yes. The relationship between city size and traffic violations are significant. Because the P-value is 0.004, which is very less, so we reject the hypothesis that there is no relationship between city size and tarffic violations..

We selected a sample of 14 respondents from the 2006 MTF. We present .pdf

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This feature of the hand or front foot characterizes primates The mantle in the mollusk secretes the Protosome exhibit cleavage; duetrostomers exhibit cleavage This structure initiates heart contraction This part of the heart pumps blood to the muscles The contraction of the heart is known as These leaf openings allow the exchange of gases between the leaf and the air In terms of numbers, the most successful phylum on the planet is the Excretory apparatus present in the phylum Platyhelminthes which function primarily to maintain osmotic balance of the animals is In the animal subkingdom the animals lack symmetry and possess neither tissues nor organs. A is a mass of hyphae viruses are coated fragments of DNA or RNA that have become detached from the genomes of cells and have the ability to replicate themselves within cells. Method of obtaining nourishment by straining minute organic particle from Water Spore formimg protist that has no means of locomotion The genetic alteration of a cell\'s genome by the introduction of foreign DNA is called Xylem consists of two basic types of cells and Some protists are photosynthetic autotrophs and are called The parasite that is responsible for causing malaria is called The tropical diseases such as sleeping sickness. East Coast fever. Chaga\'s disease, and leishmaniasis are caused by Solution 63. HAND OR FRONT FOOT CHARACTERISTIC PRIMATES.............shows opposable thumbs.

This feature of the hand or front foot characterizes primates The ma.pdf

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The radiation emitted by an X-ray tube has a minimum wavelength of.pdf

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The following IP datagram is sent to a destination across a network with an MTU of 500. Using the first diagram, shows the header portions of the first two packet fragments that reach the destination (assuming arrival in order). Note all numbers are in base 10. Note that you should put a value in the data size space? Solution packet 1: packet 2: The data is of size 786 as in the total length field the value is 806 which is data+header. we know that the header length is 20bytes the data will be 786. The MTU is 500(both data and header) Therefore the 1st packet can send data upto 480 bytes. which is also equal to fragmentation offset because the next data has to be appended to these 480 bytes for complete information. the left out data is 306, so the total length is 326(306+20).As first packet could not carry the whole message it has to intimate the reciever there is more data to come, to indicate the flag value is set to 1, which is not the case in packet 2 so the flag is set to 0.45TOS500681480.

The following IP datagram is sent to a destination across a network w.pdf

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The baking yeast is the preferred organism to generate biofuels. However, it requires processed sugar to generate ethanol, which may put a strain on the food industry. Therefore, you decide to choose a photosynthetic organism to generate bioethanol. You select cyanobacteria. which use the sunlight as the primary energy for cell growth and proliferation. What are the two enzymes for which you would like to clone the coding genes and express in cyanobacteria? What are their respective substrate(s) and product(s)? Name the enzyme(s) that is/are also expressed in humans and describe its/their functions. Solution ans. The roke of yeast in production of ethanol is the most important element that distinguishes wine from grape juice, In the absence of oxygen that is under anerobic conditions yeast converts the sugar into ethanol and carbondioxide throufg the process of fermentation. 1, The two enzymes are pyruvate decaroxylase(pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase. (adh) The coding sequence from both the enzymes frm the bacterium zymomonas is cloned into a shuttle vector pCB4r and then transform into cynobacteria strain 2. The major pathway for synthesis of bioethanol involves PDC catalyses the non oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate which results in the production of acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide Acetaldehyde is then reduced to alcohol by alcohol dehydrogenase. PDC is tetramer of 4 identical subunit of 50kd mass. 2 isozymes of ADH present. 3. Enzymes in human for ethanol production is ADH4 which is present in gut.

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Bumper\'s Body Shop began business as a corporation in 2010. Several transactions which occurred early in 2010 are described below January 21, 2010-stockholders invested cash of $25,000 in the business and received 2,500 shares of $10 par value common stock as evidence of their ownership interest. February 1, 2010-rent of $800 was paid for the month of February. February 5, 2010-equipment with a cost of $1,400 was purchased on credit; payment is due within 30 days. February 10, 2010-bills totaling $3,200 were presented to customers for body work and painting services completed $1,700 was received in cash immediately; the balance of $1,500 is due within 10 days. February 18, 2010-payment of $1,400 was made for the equipment purchased on February 5 February 20, 2010-payment of $900 was received from customers with balances due from February 10. February 28, 2010-employee salaries of $1,600 were paid. February 28, 2010-declared and paid a dividend of $100 Use the format presented below to indicate the effects of each transaction on the accounting equation. Enter the amount by which an account increases or decreases in the column provided for that account. Use 0 to indicate decreases. Prepare an Income Statement, Statement of Retained Earnings, Balance Sheet and a Statement of Cash = Liabilities + Owners\' Equity + Revenue-Expenses Cash + AR + Equipment = AP + Stock + Retained Earnings + Revenue-Expenses Solution Answer Asset = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity. Every transaction will follow accounting equation and that accounting equation will always match. Assets = Liabilities + Owners\' Equity + Revenue - Expenses Date Cash + A/R + Equipment = A/P + Stock + Retained earnings + Jan 21, 2010 25000 + + = + 25000 + + - Feb 1, 2010 (800) + + = + + + - 800 Feb 5, 2010 + + 1400 = 1400 + + + - Feb 10, 2010 1700 + 1500 + = + + + 3200 - Feb 18, 2010 91400) + + = (1400) + + + - Feb 20, 2010 900 + (900) + = + + + - Feb 28, 2010 (1600) + + = + + + - 1600 Feb 28, 2010 (100) + + = + + (100) + - Assets = Liabilities + Owners\' Equity + Revenue - Expenses Date Cash + A/R + Equipment = A/P + Stock + Retained earnings + Jan 21, 2010 25000 + + = + 25000 + + - Feb 1, 2010 (800) + + = + + + - 800 Feb 5, 2010 + + 1400 = 1400 + + + - Feb 10, 2010 1700 + 1500 + = + + + 3200 - Feb 18, 2010 91400) + + = (1400) + + + - Feb 20, 2010 900 + (900) + = + + + - Feb 28, 2010 (1600) + + = + + + - 1600 Feb 28, 2010 (100) + + = + + (100) + -.

Bumpers Body Shop began business as a corporation in 2010. Several .pdf

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Produce a new version of k-means called MR-K-means(\"Multi-run K-means\") in R, which has the following inputs: The number of clusters k (same as K-means) Random number \"meta seed\" s (has the same type as the k-means seed) A cluster evaluation measure eval (1, 2, 3, or 4 referring to the four clustering evaluation measure introduced earlier) MR-K-means runs K- means 10 times (with different seeds) obtaining clustering X1, ..., X10 returning the clustering Xi with the highest value eval(X1) as well as the maximum, average, minimum value and standard deviation of eval(X1)..eval(X10). The language is R. Solution import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import smile.math.Math; import smile.util.MulticoreExecutor; public class KMeans extends PartitionClustering { private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KMeans.class); /** * The total distortion. */ double distortion; /** * The centroids of each cluster. */ double[][] centroids; /** * Constructor. */ KMeans() { } /** * Returns the distortion. */ public double distortion() { return distortion; } /** * Returns the centroids. */ public double[][] centroids() { return centroids; } /** * Cluster a new instance. * @param x a new instance. * @return the cluster label, which is the index of nearest centroid. */ @Override public int predict(double[] x) { double minDist = Double.MAX_VALUE; int bestCluster = 0; for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { double dist = Math.squaredDistance(x, centroids[i]); if (dist < minDist) { minDist = dist; bestCluster = i; } } return bestCluster; } public KMeans(double[][] data, int k) { this(data, k, 100); } public KMeans(double[][] data, int k, int maxIter) { this(new BBDTree(data), data, k, maxIter); } /** * Constructor. Clustering data into k clusters. * @param bbd the BBD-tree of data for fast clustering. * @param data the input data of which each row is a sample. * @param k the number of clusters. * @param maxIter the maximum number of iterations for each running. */ KMeans(BBDTree bbd, double[][] data, int k, int maxIter) { if (k < 2) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Invalid number of clusters: \" + k); } if (maxIter <= 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException(\"Invalid maximum number of iterations: \" + maxIter); } int n = data.length; int d = data[0].length; this.k = k; distortion = Double.MAX_VALUE; y = seed(data, k, ClusteringDistance.EUCLIDEAN); size = new int[k]; centroids = new double[k][d]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { size[y[i]]++; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) { centroids[y[i]][j] += data[i][j]; } } for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < d; j++) { centroids[i][j] /= size[i]; } } double[][] sums = new double[k][d]; for (int iter = 1; iter <= maxIter; iter++) { double dist = bbd.clustering(centroids, sums, size, y); for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { if (size[i] > 0) { for (int j .

Produce a new version of k-means called MR-K-means(Multi-run K-mean.pdf

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