Chapter 14

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],OBJECTIVES: After studying Chapter 14, the reader should be able to:

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],KEY TERMS:

DECIMAL ,[object Object],Continued

[object Object],0.02 0.167 + 0.147

PERCENTAGE ,[object Object],70 ÷ 120 = 0.58 To convert this number to a percentage, multiply the number by 100 or move the decimal point two places to the right (58) and then add a percentage symbol to indicate that the number is a percentage (58%).

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION ,[object Object]

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING ,[object Object],Continued

Figure 14–1 Valve clearance allows the metal parts to expand and maintain proper operation, both when the engine is cold or at normal operating temperature. (b) Adjustment is achieved by changing the thickness of the adjusting shim. (a) Adjustment is achieved by turning the adjusting screw.

FRACTIONS ,[object Object],Sometimes, fractions need to be converted to decimal units if the replacement parts are offered by that measurement method. When comparing fractions to decimal units, think about the number of cents in a dollar. 1/2 dollar 50 cents - 1/4 (quarter) 25 cents 1/10 (dime) 10 cents - 1/20 (nickel) 5 cents Other fractions, such as 3/8, 5/8, and 5/16 are harder to determine. If a chart is not available, divide the bottom number, called the denominator into the top number, called the numerator.

MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING ,[object Object],(0.4 ÷ 4 = 0.1)

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS ,[object Object],[object Object],Continued

FUEL ECONOMY CALCULATOR ,[object Object],MPG = 220 divided by 10.0 = 22.0 miles per gallon See the metric fuel chart on Page 106 of your textbook. Outside the US fuel economy is measured in liters of fuel needed to travel 100 kilometers (62 miles), abbreviated L/100 km. NOTE: Try to use the same station and pump, if possible, to achieve the most accurate results.

GEAR RATIOS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Continued

[object Object],Figure 14–2 The drive gear is attached or is closer to the power source and rotates or drives the driven gear. Direct Drive If two meshed gears are the same size and have the same number of teeth, they will turn at the same speed. Since the drive gear turns once for each revolution of the driven gear, the gear ratio is 1:1 and is called direct drive. When a transmission is in direct drive, the engine and transmission turn at the same speed.

[object Object],Figure 14–3 If the driven gear is rotating faster than the drive gear, it is called an overdrive ratio. For this example, the gear ratio is 0.33:1. Overdrive ratios of 0.65:1 and 0.70:1 are typical of those used in automotive applications. NOTE: Ratios always end in 1 with a colon between. The first number is less than 1 if it is an overdrive ratio and greater than 1 if it is a gear reduction ratio.

GRAPHS, CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS ,[object Object],Graphs displays two variables. One changes from left to right on the horizontal, or X axis. The other displays on the Y or vertical axis. A graph is created by making series of dots at various locations and connecting the dots with a line. Continued

[object Object],Figure 14–4 A graph showing horsepower and torque. Notice that the curves cross at 5252 RPM or a little bit to the right of the 50, which is expressed in hundreds times 10 (thousands) of RPM. Continued

[object Object],Figure 14–5 A typical chart showing what is applied in what gear in an automatic transmission.

[object Object],Figure 14–6 An exploded view showing how the thermostat is placed in the engine. Continued

SUMMARY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chapter 14

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (7)

Similar to Chapter 14

Similar to Chapter 14 (20)

More from mcfalltj

More from mcfalltj (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Chapter 14