Cerebral angiography is an X-ray examination method with the help of which the state of blood vessels, their functional abilities, roundabout blood circulation, the presence of deviations and the size of pathological zones are determined. i hope this will be useful among the medical professionals. please comment thank u

1. Cerebral Angiography(procedure ,price , definition ,images)
PRESENTED BY
MARTIN SHAJI
PHARM D

2. Cerebral angiography is an X-ray examination method with the help
of which the state of blood vessels, their functional abilities,
roundabout blood circulation, the presence of deviations and the
size of pathological zones are determined.
Introduction

3. Angiography: Basic information
Modern angiography permits detecting vascular diseases at an early
stage of their development, figuring out the state of the lymphatic
system, and also identifying pathologies of inner organs.
Often, diagnostics are carried out to detect formed atherosclerotic
deposits on the walls of blood vessels. Angiography may be very
indicative when inspecting the heart muscle, detecting neoplasms,
cysts, assessing the functional characteristics of the kidneys.

4. Brain angiography is used to detect arterio venous shunts, irregular
dilatations of the vascular walls, and the presence of blood clots in
the brain.
The method can be used to detect diseases of the retina. It can be
indispensable earlier than open-heart or brain surgical procedure
to find out the affected person's situation.

5. Where to do a cerebral angiography?
Angiography of the vessels of the brain or other areas could be
performed in clinics and diagnostic centers with X-ray equipment.
Sterility is maintained in the angiography rooms and modern devices
are used.
Among them:
1) high-speed fluorographic camera;

6. 2) angiograph - special X-ray equipment for diagnosing the vascular
system;
3) equipment for video recording and X-ray multi shooting.
In modern medical centers with a good supply, there are CT
angiography machines, that are distinguished by increased
visualization of high quality and higher picture detail.

8. Find out the Angiography / - procedure.
The process is carried out by intravenous injection of a contrast agent
into the body earlier than starting the diagnosis. The place where the
contrast is entered is decided according to the area to be rendered. To
make sure the accuracy of the examination, you need to stop eating 6
hours earlier than the examination.
If the puncture will be performed in the area of ​​the groin fold or
axillary region, hygiene of those areas should be performed and the
hair should be shaved off.

9. Angiography is performed utilizing local anesthesia in combination
with common sedative and antihistamines. This allows you to prevent
the development of an allergic response and reduce the affected
person's experience. The place for the injection of the distinction
agent is treated with an antiseptic.
After that, the physician makes a small incision in the skin, opens
access to the artery, so that the needle is inserted as easily as
possible.
Then a short, hollow tube called an introducer is inserted. To prevent
vascular spasm and reduce the irritating impact of the contrast agent
on the walls, a solution of novocaine is injected into the vessel.

10. angiography_of_right_middle_cerebral_artery_stenosis

11. A thin flexible tube 1–2 mm in diameter (catheter) is passed into the
introducer. The physician slowly advances the catheter to the start of
the visualized vessel, controlling the process due to the monitor of the
X-ray machine.
Contrast is introduced and a collection of pictures is taken (sometimes
this process is carried out several times).
For higher visibility, the affected person could also be requested to
change position.

12. The action of the contrast agent is sometimes accompanied by
short-term complications: dizziness, facial flushing, headache, heart
palpitations, a sense of heat, painful sensations within the chest,
metallic taste within the mouth, nausea.
Cerebrovascular angiography should be performed with specific
care and accuracy. After examination, the catheter is removed and
the bleeding is stopped with a sterile pressure bandage. It is left for
a day. To prevent blood clot formation, it is strongly recommended
to stay in bed for 6-10 hours.

13. Circle of Willis

14. Angiography of cerebral vessels
Brain angiography is performed by inserting a catheter into the ulnar,
right femoral, brachial, carotid, or subclavian arteries. The catheter is
advanced to the branch of the desired vessel and contrast is injected
into its lumen.
After the initial dose of contrast agent is injected, the head pictures are
taken in numerous projections (side and front). Re-introduction of
contrast and re-shooting enable assessing the situation of distant parts
of the vascular system.

15. Angiography of cerebral vessels doesn't cause pain and damage to
the vascular walls. Brain angiography is prescribed when the clinical
image indicates critical pathologies.
These include narrowing or aneurysms, hematomas or neoplasms in
the brain, vital impairment of blood circulation, and the presence of
a blood clot.
Angiography of the vessels of the brain allows you to establish an
accurate diagnosis and determine the need for an operation.

16. Angiography: price
For angiography of blood vessels, the price primarily is
dependent upon the standing of the medical institution and the
country in which you decide to be examined. To find out how
much angiography costs, you can use information from the web
sites of clinics or the assistance of operators.

17. The cost of angiography is determined by the size and location of
the area of ​​interest. Simultaneous examination of the situation of
arteries and veins is more expensive. And if angiography of vessels
is complemented by magnetic resonance imaging, then the price
also will increase.

18. Thank you…