It is useful to understand the school students

1. HEART DISEASES
Dr. T.Sakthika
Assistant Professor
Department of Zoology
A.P.C.Mahalaxmi College for Women,
Thoothukudi

2. Angiogram is a procedure that uses X-ray images to investigate the blockages in the blood vessels.
Angiogram done to observe heart blood vessels is called coronary angiogram
It is a diagnosis, not treatment
Principle- a dye (contrast material) , iodine is injected in to the blood vessels. Iodine prevents transmission of X ray ,
hence blood vessels are imaged during Xray
The Xray machine rapid takes a series of images called angiograms-the images can be viewed by the doctor
Type of angiogram
Coronary angiography- Heart
Cerebral ‘’’ - Brain
Peripheral ‘---Arm or leg
Visceral ‘-------Abdominal organs
Pulmonary ‘’----Lungs
Lymph ‘’-----Lymph vessels
Aortography – Aorta and major arteries of heart
Retinal ‘’------Retina
Magnetic resonance ‘’- Study of blood vessels
Need for Angiogram
Recommended for the following symptoms
Chest pain, pain I arms, congenital heart diseases, heart stress, heart value problems, narrowing of coronary vessels,
blockage in the ccoronary vessels, heart problems, stroke, aneurism-bulge in blood vessels, arterio venous
malformations, tumour, clots, arterial stenosis- narrowing of aorta, retinopathy

3. Uses
To detect block in blood vessels, to pin point the ares of blockages, to treat and diagnose certain medical conditions, to
diagnose blockage or narrowing of arteries, to take picture of blood flow in the artery, to lidentify exat location and severity of
coronary artery diseases, to check the blood flow of other organs of the body (heart, kidney, brain, arms, legs etc.,)
Procedure
Performed in the catheterization lab of the hospital
Don’t drink anything after midnight before the angiogram
BP, sugar, pulse are checked
Bladder is emptied
Jewellary, contact lenses, eye glass, hair pins removed
The are is disinfected, hair removed, and numbed by local anasthesia
Dress is replaced with hospital gown
An IV line is inserted into vein in the arm
Medictions, fluids, mild sedatives injected through IV line
Patient may be sleepy, heart ids minitored through electrodes placed on the chest
Blood pressure is checked
Oxygen is measured by pulse oxymeter
A small incission is made on the femoral artery, a sheath is inserted into the artery
A catheter is inserted through the sheath
Catheter is threaded up to the heart of coronary artery
Iodin dye is injected through the catheter, the dye moves through the blood vessels
The X raycamera takes picture, the doctor observe the flow to identify any blockages
Depending on the observation balloon therapy or a stent placement is suggested
The catheter is remioved ,incision is closed , the patient may return to his own room

4. Risks of Angiogram
Heat attack
Stroke
Injury to the catheterized artery
Irregular heart beat
Allergy due to dye
Kidney damage
Excessive bleeding
Infection