IEEE Computer Society Phoenix Chapter - Internet of Things Innovations & Megatrends Update 10/18/23

Internet of Things (IoT)
Innovations & Megatrends Update
Wednesday, October 18, 2023
Mark Goldstein, International Research Center
PO Box 825, Tempe, AZ 85280-0825, Phone: 602-470-0389,
markg@researchedge.com, URL: http://www.researchedge.com/
Presentation Available at http://www.slideshare.net/markgirc
© 2023 - International Research Center
Phoenix Chapter
http://ewh.ieee.org/r6/phoenix/compsociety/

Phoenix Chapter
http://ewh.ieee.org/r6/phoenix/compsociety/
IoT Overview and Ecosystems
IoT Computing Platforms
IoT Sensors and Device Integration
IoT Gateways, Programming, and Platforms
IoT Wireless Protocols & Communications
IoT Application Arenas
• Consumer and Home Automation
• Healthcare and Life Science
• Retail and Logistics
• Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)
• Smart Buildings
• Smart Cities and Environment
• Autonomous Vehicles & Transportation
IoT Security, Privacy, and Blockchain
IoT Standards and Organizations
IoT Big Data, Applications, and Analytics
IoT Business Models and Outlook
Internet of Things (IoT)
Innovations & Megatrends Update
Presentation Available at
http://www.slideshare.net/markgirc

Source: Teradata Corporation
Internet of Things Basics

Capabilities of an IoT Component
Source: U.S. NIST 2018

IoT Solutions Architecture
Source: TechBeacon (https://techbeacon.com/4-stages-iot-architecture)

Source: Postscapes (http://postscapes.com/)

Source: IDC & Peplink 2015
IoT Vision

The Exponential Curve of Technological Innovations
Leading Up to the Singularity

http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/
embedded/embedded-design-center.html
And Now
CORE i9

Arduino Mega 2560
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B Nwazet Pi Media Center
Night Vision Camera Modules
MicroSD Card Adapter
BLE Mini Bluetooth 4.0 Interface
Arduino, Raspberry & Other Microcontrollers
Ultimate GPS Breakout
UDOO Quad Core w/SATA

https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/introducing
-raspberry-pi-5/

https://www.winsystems.com/product/itx-p-3800/
Pico-ITX Form Factor (2.9” x 4.0”)

https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/pi-zero/
The Raspberry Pi Zero is half the size of
a Model A+, with twice the utility. A tiny
Raspberry Pi that’s affordable enough
for any project!
• 1Ghz, Single-core CPU
• 512MB RAM
• Mini HDMI & USB On-The-Go ports
• Micro USB power
• HAT-compatible 40-pin header
• Composite video & reset headers
• Can utilize Raspbian Jessie OS Adafruit Raspberry Pi Zero Starter Pack
http://www.adafruit.com/products/2816
65 mm x 30 mm x 5 mm

https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/internet-
things-made-simple-one-sensor-
package-does-work-many
http://www.gierad.com/projects/supersensor/

http://www.ti.com/product/cc2541
The Texas Instruments
CC2541 is a power-
optimized true system-on-
chip (SoC) solution for
both Bluetooth low energy
and proprietary 2.4-GHz
applications. It enables
robust network nodes to
be built with low total bill-
of-material costs. The
CC2541 combines the
excellent performance of a
leading RF transceiver
with an industry-standard
enhanced 8051 MCU, in-
system programmable
flash memory, 8-KB RAM,
and many other powerful
supporting features and
peripherals. The CC2541 is
highly suited for systems
where ultralow power
consumption is required.
TI CC2541 SOC

Intel’s Edison computer is housed in an SD card form factor and comes with built-
in Linux and both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth wireless. The computer, which is based on
Intel's 22-nanometer Quark chips, can be the basis for a new wave of products
and will become available summer 2014. Source: eWeek

Intel Curie Module Unleashing Wearable Device Innovation
http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en
/wearables/wearable-soc.html
Intel’s Curie module is a complete low-
power solution for the wearable space
with compute, motion sensor, Bluetooth
Low Energy, and battery charging
capabilities.
Key Features:
• Low-power, 32-bit Intel Quark SE SoC
• 384kB Flash memory, 80kB SRAM
• Small and efficient open source real-
time operating system (RTOS)
• Low-power integrated DSP sensor hub
with a proprietary pattern matching
accelerator
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• 6-Axis combo sensor with
accelerometer and gyroscope
• Battery charging circuitry (PMIC)
• Released January, 2015

Approximately 26 mm x 35 mm
https://software.intel.com/en-us/node/675623

In 2015, ASUS launched a new type of Chrome device: the Chromebit. Smaller
than a candy bar, the Chromebit is a full computer that will be available for less
than $100. By simply plugging this device into any display, you can turn it into a
computer. It’s the perfect upgrade for an existing desktop and will be really useful
for schools and businesses.
Source: http://chrome.blogspot.com/2015/03/more-chromebooks-for-everyone.html
ASUS Chromebit Turns Any TV into a Chrome PC
• Rockchip RK3288 (with quad-core Mali 760 graphics)
• 2GB of RAM, 16GB of solid state storage
• Plugs into any HDMI-equipped display
• Dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi, Bluetooth 4.0, USB 2.0 port
(Plus Windows
& Streaming Media
Mini-Devices)

IoT Sensors and Device Integration

https://cmte.ieee.org/futuredirections/2020/03/20/personali-digital-twins-role-in-epidemics-control-iii/
Smartphones are Brimming with an Ever-Growing Number of Sensors
Anticipate Addition Of:
Accelerometer, Motion
Magnetometer, Gyroscope
Imaging Radar, Gestures
Health & Medical Sensors
Gas/Environmental Sensors
IR, Optical Spectroscopy
AR/VR/Mixed Headsets
Bluetooth Accessories
USB
Headset

SunFounder 37 Modules Raspberry Pi B+ Sensor Kit
http://www.sunfounder.com/index.php?c=show&id=47&model=Sensor%20Kit%20for%20B+
Detailed tutorial, source code
& 32 lessons on project DVD

Most Common Types of IoT Sensors Being Developed Today
Source: Silicon Labs 2023

Sensor Cluster Trends for Mobile Phones
(Inertial Measurement Units)
AMS AV-MLV-P2 is a volatile organic compounds (VOC) gas sensor which can detect
alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, organic acids, amines, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Source: EDN Magazine
Wikipedia on Smart Dust:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartdust
Wikipedia on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN):
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network
Smart Dust Motes for
Wireless Sensor
Networks
(WSN)
Multihop Wireless Sensor Network

The world's first smartphone with a giant six-inch screen and a built-in ADI (U.S.,
http://www.analog.com/) spectrometer running integrated software by Consumer Physics
(U.S., https://www.consumerphysics.com/) and manufacturers by electronics giant Sichuan
Changhong Electric Co. (China). (Source: Sichuan Changhong Electric)
External Bluetooth spectrometers include the SCiO Pocket
Molecular Sensor (https://www.consumerphysics.com/myscio/)
and Tellspec Handheld Spectrometer (http://tellspec.com/en/)

Atmotube Pro Air Quality and Weather Tracker
Contribute to
the Global
Air Quality Map
Our new most advanced air
pollution tracker. Detects VOCs,
PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 pollutants,
like dust, pollen, soot and mold
spores, measures atmospheric
pressure, altitude, temperature,
and humidity
https://www.indiegogo.com/pr
ojects/atmotube-plus-and-
atmotube-pro/coming_soon

http://www.electronicproducts.com/Po
wer_Products/Power_Management/Ne
w_mineral_can_simultaneously_convert
_movement_sunlight_and_heat_into_el
ectricity.aspx
Source: Electronic Products 2/17

This inkjet-printed prototype of a mm-wave energy harvester using a Rotman lens-based
rectenna design allows devices to pull energy out of the air from 5G wireless transmissions
and convert it into electricity making it possible to harvest around 6 microwatts at around
180 meters (590 ft) distant from a 5G transmitter, more than enough to power a range of
small sensors and devices, particularly in the IoT space. Source: Georgia Tech 2021
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-79500-x
https://newatlas.com/energy/5g-energy-harvesting-wireless-power/
5G mmWave Energy Harvesting Rectenna

IoT Gateways,
Programming, and Platforms

Representative IoT End-to-End Business Solution
Definition of an IoT Platform: An IoT platform is a software suite or cloud service (IoT
platform as a service) that facilitates operations involving IoT endpoints (such as sensors,
devices, multidevice systems and fleets), and cloud and enterprise resources. The platform
monitors IoT event streams, enables specialized analysis and application development, and
engages back-end IT systems, and it may help control the endpoints to support IoT
solutions. Source: Gartner 3/17

Essential Elements of an IoT Platform
Source: SDxCentral

Intel & Microsoft IoT & Edge Portfolio
Source: Intel & Microsoft Azure 2021

AWS IoT Architecture
Source: VDC Research

Azure IoT Suite Overview
Source: VDC Research

Google’s Serverless Cloud IoT platform
Google Cloud IoT is a comprehensive set of fully managed and integrated services that
allow you to easily and securely connect, manage, and ingest IoT data from globally
dispersed devices at a large scale, process and analyze/visualize that data in real time, and
implement operational changes and take actions as needed. Device data captured by Cloud
IoT Core gets published to Cloud Pub/Sub for downstream analytics. You can do ad hoc
analysis using Google BigQuery, easily run advanced analytics and apply machine learning
with Cloud Machine Learning Engine, or visualize IoT data results with rich reports and
dashboards in Google Data Studio. https://cloud.google.com/solutions/iot/

IoT Wireless Protocols
and Communications

U.S. Wireless Spectrum Overview
• The FCC regulates the use of radio frequencies within the U.S., assigning usage rights and conditions to
various bands across geographic sub-areas. ITU & WRC regulate internationally. Radio frequency physics
favor lower frequencies for greater signal carrying distance as well as structure & foliage penetration.
• Most non-governmental frequencies are licensed, often via auctions to commercial entities and reserved
exclusively for their use. Cellular (& unlicensed Wi-Fi) dominate mobile connectivity. Microwave &
millimeter wave are commonly used for broadcast, backhaul & PtP. FCC considering additional licensed
bands for commercial/public purposes by reallocating spectrum and at times relocating existing uses.
• A limited amount of unlicensed spectrum is currently available, however more is being considered or
processed for release. 902-928 MHz has been used for consumer and commercial devices since 1993. The
explosion of Wi-Fi is the result of developments in 2.4 & 5 GHz unlicensed bands. Mobile uses and the
emergence of IoT is driving demand for more unlicensed bandwidth & bringing new delivery protocols.
CBRS at 3550-3700 MHz is of special interest as a new shared unlicensed option. The FCC is considering
enabling flexible use of the 3.7-4.2 GHz Band. White spaces wireless will share unlicensed, reallocated
500-700 MHz TV bands reaching to 10 km NLOS now & up to 100 km in the future, outstanding for WRAN.
10 KHz 1 MHz 100 MHz 10 GHz 1THz
DC 100 Hz

Source: Cabling Installation & Maintenance 7/18
Macro and Small Cell Deployment for Cellular Densification

5G Bandwidth & Latency Drivers by Use Case
Source: Openet
Marketing 2018

IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Wireless Overview
HaLow
White-Fi
WiGig
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi
IEEE 802.11 Variants,
Frequencies &
Ranges
Current Wi-Fi LAN/WAN Characteristics
https://wireless-home-network-made-
easy.com/how-does-wifi-work.html
≤10km
≤1km
≤250m
≤100m
/ax

IEEE 802.11 Wireless Evolution & Outlook
IEEE 802.11 Variant Tech & Spectrum Apps & Notes
IEEE 802.11abg Wi-Fi Legacy protocols on unlicensed 2.4
& 5 GHz bands to 600 Mbps to 100+
m outdoors
Baseline Wi-Fi capabilities for APs & CPE,
Overall Wi-Fi performance may be limited
by legacy devices & interference
IEEE 802.11n Wi-Fi 4 Adds MIMO streams to abg for
focusing transmissions to 250 m
Great advance in Wi-Fi performance for
multi-antenna APs & CPE
IEEE 802.11ac
Wi-Fi 5
Higher performance protocol on
unlicensed 2.4 & 5 GHz + other
bands up to 3.5 Gbps
Downlink MU-MIMO, Mature, widely
available advanced Wi-Fi performance &
capabilities in base stations, APs & CPE
IEEE 802.11ax
Wi-Fi 6/6E
Highest performance protocol on
unlicensed 2.4, 3.5, 5 & 6 GHz bands
+ other bands up to 10.5 Gbps
Wi-Fi 6 spec maturing, commercial
equipment & deployments in progress,
Full MU-MIMO, OFDMA & WPA3 security
IEEE 802.11be
Wi-Fi 7
6 GHZ & higher bands unlicensed &
possible cellular reallocation
IEEE 802.11k/v/r agile multiband pending,
Extreme High-Throughput (EHT) pending
IEEE 802.11p V2X Unlicensed 5.9 GHz ITS for short-to-
medium range, Next gen DSRC
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) & Vehicle-to-
Everything (V2X) for safety & ops, C-V2X
IEEE 802.11af
White Space
White-Fi
Uses select unlicensed TV bands
from approx. 470-700 MHz to 600
Mbps up to 25 miles (long distance)
NLOS, Nominal cost for use of SAS
geo database per device
White-Fi, White Space Wireless or Super
Wi-Fi, Managed by cognitive radio tech &
SAS geo database dynamically assigning
channels for use, IEEE 802.22 emerging for
WRAN up to 60+ miles
IEEE 802.11ah
HaLow
Uses unlicensed 902-928 MHz UHF
frequencies up to 100 Kbps to 1 km,
up to 8K low power devices per AP
WWAN supporting bulk M2M & IoT/IIoT
communications for long-range, low-data
rate applications
IEEE 802.11ad
WiGig
Uses unlicensed 60 GHz ISM band
for up to 7 Gbps up to 5 m range
(within a room)
Optimized for short-range media & high-
bandwidth apps, IEEE 802.11ay will
eventually extend to 20+ Gbps
Source:
International Research Center

V2X - IEEE 802.11p
V2X uses unlicensed 5.9 GHz ITS
frequencies for short-to-medium range
vehicle safety & operations, C-V2X over
cellular expands range & capabilities
Next Generation
Dedicated Short
Range
Communications
(DSRC) for
Intelligent
Transportation
Systems (ITS)
vehicle safety &
operations

https://www.sierrawireless.com/resources/infographics/lpwa/

IoT Innovations & Megatrends Update
Short-Range & Personal Area Networks (PANs)
RFID, Near Field Communications (NFC), Bluetooth, Zigbee, WiGig, LiFi & More
Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWANs)
Long-range IoT/IIoT data collection will be a high device volume, high-growth
opportunity at low data rates requiring using licensed or unlicensed spectrum. All of
these LPWAN variants support health monitoring, smart homes/buildings/cities &
regions, mobile lifestyle, transportation, energy, etc. A number of LPWAN approaches
will play out with IEEE 802.11ah (HaLow) & LoRaWAN likely to dominate, augmented by
cellular data services & use of other LPWANs for select situations.
IEEE 802.11ah - HaLow uses unlicensed 902-928 MHz frequencies, Supports
bulk M2M & IoT/IIoT communications at 100 Kbps to 1 km for up to 8,192 low-
power devices per AP
LoRaWAN - Uses unlicensed 902-928 MHz in North America at 22 Kbps at very
long range (city wide coverage) with deep indoor coverage for IoT/IIoT
Sigfox - Unlicensed 915 MHz (in NA) to 100 bps up to 40 km for broad, low-
speed reach
NB-IoT (or LTE-M2) - Narrowband (NB) cellular for LPWAN to 250 Kbps, Mobile
operators need new equipment to utilize
LTE Cat M1 - Cellular for LPWAN to 1 Mbps, more easily integrates to existing
cellular deployments

https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/bluetooth-core-specification/bluetooth5

https://www.rcrwireless.com/20230725/internet-of-things-4/lorawan-and-sigfox-tie-the-knot-semtech-and-
unabiz-shake-on-historic-iot-coalition

Wireless IoT Connectivity Highly Fragmented Market
Source: Qorvo 2019

Satellite Orbits
Characteristics

Rohde & Schwartz
Harbor Research/CBRS Alliance
Postscapes
Multiple Pathways for IoT Connectivity
IoT Connection Technology Summary
IoT Technology Data Rate and Range Needs
Rohde & Schwartz

U.S. Wireless Technology & Spectrum Summary
Wireless Protocol Tech & Spectrum Apps & Notes
Cellular 2G,
3G, 4G & 5G
FCC licenses 850 & 1900 MHz bands at
auctions for specific geographic
subareas, 2G delivers data at up to 1
Mbps & 3G to 15 Mbps, 4G also utilizes
600, 700, 1700, 2100 & 5200 MHz bands
for up to 50 Mbps, 5G uses same bands
at up to 3 Gbps, 24/28/37/39/47 GHz
spectrum auctions, 5G NR & 6G follow
All U.S. bands are licensed thru FCC
auctions, WW LTE convergence, 5G
standards maturing & deployment now
thru 2020+ requiring densification in
urban areas adding small cells/DAS for
capacity, AT&T FirstNet national public
safety overlay deploying, Also 5G fixed
wireless, Lots of tower & fiber builds
IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi
Variants
Legacy IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n to 600 Mbps
& IEEE 802.11ac to 3.5 Gbps on
unlicensed 2.4 & 5 GHz bands shared
among many users & applications,
Interference risks
Broad mature deployment for LANs &
WANs, Low-cost hardware, Pending
IEEE 802.11ax will provide up to 10.5
Gbps with more efficient spectrum
utilization & increased throughput
IEEE 802.16 WiMAX 2.3/2.5/3.5 GHz use w/o firm allocations,
802.16e adds mobility & MIMO
Middle & last mile broadband to 50 km,
Limited market adoption to date
Citizens Broadband
Radio Service
(CBRS)
Recent allocation of 3550-3700 MHz for
shared unlicensed use of 80 MHz band
& licensed use (with priority) of up to 7
10 MHz channels, Shared with higher
priority users (U.S. Military Radar, Fixed
Satellite Systems) thru Spectrum
Allocation Server (SAS), Further reach
than 5 GHz Wi-Fi
LTE style protocols for voice & data,
Shared spectrum use with situation
awareness & dynamic allocation, CBRS
Alliance’s OnGo & MulteFire Alliance
protocols offer Neutral Host Network
Provider & MVNO models, Specs stable
& equipment reaching the market,
Expansion into 3.7-4.2 GHz possible
White Spaces
Wireless
IEEE 802.11af (White-Fi) uses select
unlicensed bands from approx. 470-700
MHz to 600 Mbps to 10 km NLOS for
WRAN, up to 100 km in the future with
IEEE 802.22
White-Fi uses a TV White Space
Database (geo database) to manage
spectrum use by unlicensed white
space devices by geographic area,
Microsoft supporting & doing trials
Source: International
Research Center

U.S. Wireless Technology & Spectrum Summary (Continued)
Wireless Protocol Tech & Spectrum Apps & Notes
Short Haul Special
Purpose Networks
• Bluetooth - IEEE 802.15.1 at unlicensed 2.4
GHz to 1 Mbps to 30 m, Version 5.0
provides 2 Mbps at greater range, Low
Energy (LE), IoT/IIoT & mesh capabilities
• Zigbee - IEEE 802.15.4 at unlicensed 915
MHz (NA) & 2.4 GHz at up to 250 Kbps to
100 m, Low power, Suited for IoT/IIoT
• Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) at unlicensed
5.9 GHz ITS via IEEE 802.11p DSRC
• LiFi short-range data networking with light
• RFID/NFC - PAN for Logistics, POS & IoT
Bluetooth expanding beyond
connecting peripherals to
devices & computers to PAN &
LAN applications, Bluetooth &
Zigbee will both support health
monitoring, smart homes/
buildings/cities, mobile lifestyle,
transportation, energy, etc. with
M2M/IoT/IIoT sensor data
aggregation, V2X integrates
vehicles for safety & ops
Low-Power Wide-
Area Networks
(LPWANs)
• IEEE 802.11ah - HaLow uses unlicensed
902-928 MHz frequencies, Supports bulk
M2M & IoT/IIoT communications at 100
Kbps to 1 km for up to 8,192 low-power
devices per AP
• LoRaWAN - Unlicensed 902-928 MHz in NA
at 22 Kbps at very long range (city wide
coverage) with deep indoor coverage for
IoT/IIoT
• Sigfox - Unlicensed 915 MHz (in NA) to 100
bps up to 40 km for broad, low-speed reach
• NB-IoT (or LTE-M2) - Narrowband (NB)
cellular for LPWAN to 250 Kbps, Mobile
operators need new equipment to utilize
• LTE Cat M1 - Cellular for LPWAN to 1 Mbps,
more easily integrates to existing cellular
deployments
Long-range IoT/IIoT data
collection will be a high device
volume, high-growth
opportunity at low data rates
requiring low-cost
subscriptions, All of these
LPWAN variants support health
monitoring, smart homes/
buildings/cities, mobile lifestyle,
transportation, energy, etc., A
number of LPWAN approaches
will play out with IEEE 802.11ah
(HaLow) & LoRaWAN likely to
dominate augmented by cellular
data services & use of other
LPWANs for select situations,
Weightless specs
Source: International
Research Center

Vertical Assets: Towers, Monopoles,
Streetlights, Buildings/Structures & Aerial
Next-Gen Wireless Deployment Model
Microwave
Point to Point
Wi-Fi 6E
(IEEE 802.11ax)
White Space
(IEEE 802.11af)
LPWAN for
IoT/IIoT Data
Deliver backhaul to remote tower facilities
and broadband directly to end users over
great distances using licensed, lightly
licensed & unlicensed frequencies
Deliver Wi-Fi 6E to nearby CPE and mobile
devices using unlicensed frequencies as well
as meshing with nearby nodes for wider
spread public & private regional coverage
Deliver broadband over long distances (60+
miles) non-line-of-site (NLOS) over lightly
licensed 470-790 MHz former TV spectrum
Collect data with Low-Power Wide-Area
Networks (LPWAN) over V2X, LoRaWAN,
Sigfox, NB-IoT, HaLow &/or LTE Cat M1
Edge & Cloud Services
Source: International Research Center 2023
Cellular
Colocation
Enable expanded 4G/5G/6G cellular coverage
and densification including consumer voice
and data with agile cognitive radio devices,
FirstNet for public safety, C-V2X & IoT/IIoT
CBRS
Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) for
next generation services including LTE-type
mobile over lightly licensed 3.5 GHz spectrum
LEO,
MEO,
& GEO
Satellites
https://www.slideshare.net/markgirc/

Deposit Photos Baseline Infographic

https://nest.com/thermostat
/life-with-nest-thermostat/
Nest Thermostat Printed
Circuit Board Layout
Source: Mentor Graphics

LEDs can be engineered to produce practically any desired spectrum of visible
light. Blue or violet LEDs pump mixes of phosphors, which down-convert some of
the light and mix with the pump color to produce something humans perceive as
white light. Near-monochrome LEDs, whose spectrum amounts to a single sharp
peak, can be mixed at varying intensities to produce light of any apparent color in
a wide gamut. Hue is controlled over WiFi. The bulbs and router talk amongst
themselves using a wireless mesh network protocol called ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4.
Source: Phillips (http://meethue.com/en-us/)

Sengled Pulse
AwoX StriimLIGHT
MiPow PlayBulb Color
Klipsch LightSpeakers
http://www.klipsch.com/lightspeaker-
in-ceiling-lighting-and-audio-system
http://www.playbulb.com/en/playbulb-color.html
http://www.awox.com/connected
-lighting/awox-striim-light/
http://www.sengled.com/product/pulse
LED Light Bulbs That Play Audio

Connected Home and AI Ecosystem Overview
Source: CABA 2022

All the Realities: Augment, Mixed and Virtual
Source: Cisco 2018

Source: Qualcomm 2018
A glimpse into the future — sleek and stylish XR glasses.

Healthcare and Life Sciences
(Including Wearables)

Source: The Atlantic Council & Intel Security

Source: IEEE Spectrum 11/14
Perspiration Biosensor Patches

http://www.uh.edu/news-events/stories/2016/September/09272016-Researchers-Create-Glucose-Sensing-Contact-Lens.php

https://telehealthtechnology.org/innovation
_watch/oura-ring/
https://ouraring.com/

Selected Consumer Wearables
http://www.bresslergroup.com/blog/learning-wearables-looking-edges/

AliveCor KardiaCare Mobile EKG
Take a medical-grade EKG in just 30 seconds. Simply open the Kardia app on your
smart phone, put your fingers on the electrodes and see results instantly.
SmartRhythm monitoring works with your Apple Watch to intelligently evaluate
the relationship between heart rate ranges, activity levels and other factors. If
heart rate appears inconsistent with the activity level from your watch, a
notification will be sent to record an EKG. https://www.alivecor.com/
KardiaMobile KardiaBand

http://mimobaby.com/
Add Pacif-i
Bluetooth
Smart Pacifier
for Temperature
Mimo Smart Baby Monitor
http://bluemaestro.com/pacifi-smart-pacifier/

https://www.globalmed.com/
https://www.life365.health/en/

Medtronic Micra Pacemaker
http://newsroom.medtronic.com/phoenix.zhtml
?c=251324&p=irol-newsarticle&id=1883208 Ron Wilson
World's Smallest,
Minimally Invasive
Cardiac Pacemaker
Delivered directly
into the heart
through a catheter
inserted in the
femoral vein
at AZBio

https://www.theengineer.co.uk/
diagnostic-d4-disease/

Integrated Lab-On-A-Chip Uses Smartphone to
Quickly Detect Multiple Pathogens
The system uses a commercial smartphone to acquire and interpret real-time images of an
enzymatic amplification reaction that takes place in a silicon microfluidic chip that
generates green fluorescence and displays a visual read-out of the test at the point-of-care.
The system is composed of an unmodified smartphone and a portable 3-D-printed cradle
that supports the optical and electrical components, and interfaces with the rear-facing
camera of the smartphone. (Credit: Micro & Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) Source: https://www.mdtmag.com/news/2017/10/integrated-
lab-chip-uses-smartphone-quickly-detect-multiple-pathogens

A DIY $100 Ultrasound No Bigger Than a Band-Aid
https://www.ecnmag.com/videos/2018/09/
diy-100-ultrasound-no-bigger-band-aid

First prize in the Qualcomm Tricorder XPrize was awarded to Final Frontier Medical Devices,
a team in Pennsylvania. The team, led by brothers Dr. Basil Harris, an emergency medicine
physician, and George Harris, a network engineer, created an artificial intelligence engine
called DxtER that learns to diagnose medical conditions via data from emergency medicine
and analyzing patients. Final Frontier Medical Devices was awarded $2.6 million at the
Qualcomm Tricorder XPrize ceremony on April 12, 2017.
http://www.zdnet.com/article/qualcomm-tricorder-xprize-goes-to-u-s-team-for-device-fusing-ai-iot-health/
https://tricorder.xprize.org/teams/final-frontier-medical-devices
Final Frontier Medical Devices DxtER Tricorder XPrize Winner

Engaging this
population with low
cost, lite touch
solutions can help
shape positive
outcomes, avoid
more expensive
healthcare
utilization, and yield
a higher return on
an enterprise digital
health investment.
http://life365inc.com/
Digital Health as a Service (DHaaS) Platform

Continua Health Alliance Enables the
Personal Health Information Network (PHIN)
Source: Continua Health Alliance (http://www.continuaalliance.org/)

National Health Information Network (NHIN)
http://healthit.hhs.gov/portal/server.pt?open=512&mode=2&cached=true&objID=1142

http://weliveupnorth.com/plant-monitor/

Arable's Pulsepod Collects Hyperlocal Weather & Crop Data
http://www.arable.com/

Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) Potential Applications

Beacon Enabled Local Retail Offer Service
Source: GSA

Swirl iBeacon Platform and Ecosystem
http://www.swirl.com/

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

McKinsey Industry 4.0 Model Factories

IoT-Based Asset Tracking Solution
Source: Intel & Microsoft Azure 2021

Supply Chain Operations Layered IoT Architecture

Enterprise Internet of Things (EIoT)
Source: Cisco

Intelligent Buildings Value Chain
Source: Frost & Sullivan

Source: FutureStructure Water, Waste & Energy Systems 6/14

http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/09/04/cities-of-the-future-
what-do-they-look-like-how-do-we-build-them-and-whats-their-impact/
Cities of the Future: What Do They Look Like, How
Do We Build Them, and What's Their Impact?

Smart Cities
PRO
Waspmote Smart Sensor Platform
https://www.libelium.com/iot-products/waspmote/

https://www.libelium.com/iot-products/smart-spot/

A Smart City with the Edge of the Internet
Source: IEEE Computer 8/19

Source: Global Market Insights

Source: GSMA
Mobile Operators Can Enable Smart City Services

Smart City Multidimensional Factors
Source: Beecham Research

https://www.azidp.com/the-smart-region/
Center for Smart
Cities and Regions
(CSCR)
https://ifis.asu.edu/c
ontent/center-smart-
cities-and-regions
Arizona Smart Region Initiatives
Pima Association of
Governments (PAG)
http://www.pagregion.com
/Default.aspx?tabid=1356
Intel Smart City
IoT Solutions
https://www.intel.com/
content/www/us/en/int
ernet-of-things/smart-
cities.html
IoT + Smart Cities &
AEEE Committees
https://www.aztechcou
ncil.org/get-
involved/committees/
https://smartchallenges
.asu.edu/
http://www.big
datasw.org/
https://www.
azmag.gov/
https://www.azco
mmerce.com/iam/
https://www.azidp.org/
Smart Region
Consortium
https://www.greater
phxconnective.com/

Source: Autonomous Vehicle Technology 6/19 Sidewalk Toronto Renderings
The Transformation of the Urban Landscape

Chengdu Sky Valley, China (https://www.mvrdv.com/projects/442/chengdu-sky-valley)

Amaravati, India
https://www.architecturaldigest.com/gallery/futuristic-cities-concept-roundup

Smart Forest City, Mexico (https://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/project/smart-forest-city-cancun/)

Oceanix Busan, South Korea (https://oceanix.com/busan/)

The Line, Saudi Arabia (https://www.neom.com/en-us/regions/theline)

Telosa, USA (https://cityoftelosa.com/)

Source: U.S. DOT 2018 (https://www.transportation.gov/av/3)
(U.S.)

Source: General Motors 2017
Autonomous Vehicles (AV)

Autonomous Vehicle Potential Benefits and Costs
Source: Victoria Transport Policy Institute 2015

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
Automated Vehicles for Safety
https://www.nhtsa.gov/technology-
innovation/automated-vehicles-safety

Autonomous Vehicles (AV)
Source: General Motors 2017
Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

Imaging Technologies for Automotive

Sensors for Vehicle
Computer Vision Systems
Source: Michigan Tech
Research Institute (MTRI)
http://mtri.org/automotivebenchmark.html
(Visible + Infrared)

https://www.infopulse.co
m/blog/how-to-ensure-
automotive-
cybersecurity-in-the-next-
gen-vehicles-part-1/

Intelligent Transportation with IoT
Source: Intel

https://azcommerce.com/iam/
https://cspo.org/research/

https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/07/airbus-reveals-a-modular-self-piloting-flying-car-concept/

Alef Aeronautics Model A Flying Car
https://alef.aero/

https://medium.com/@UberPubPolicy/fast-forwarding-to-a-future-of-on-demand-urban-air-transportation-f6ad36950ffa
http://uber.com/elevate/whitepaper

https://www.citytech.org/city-tech-collaborative-launches-advanced-mobility-initiative-roadmap

http://csi.asu.edu/projects/drawn-futures/drawn-futures-arizona-2045/
ASU Center for Science and the Imagination
Drawn Futures: Arizona 2045

IoT Security, Privacy, and Blockchain

https://f5.com/labs/articles/threat-intelligence/ddos/ddoss-newest-minions-iot-devices-v1-22426

IoT Security Threat Map
Source: Beecham Research

Internet of Things Security Attributes
Source: Hewlett Packard Enterprise

Securing an IoT Product or System
Source: Zentri

http://www.parksassociates.com/
blog/article/iot-vulnerability-can-
be-reduced-with-blockchain-
implementation
IoT Vulnerability
Can Be Reduced
with Blockchain
Implementation

Applications of Blockchain in Networking and IoT
Source: CB Insights

IoT Standards and Organizations

Source: IEEE Computer - Imagineering an Internet of Everything 6/14
Information Flow Between the Cyber and Physical Worlds

Source: Connectivity Standards Alliance (https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/zigbee/)

Source: Connectivity Standards Alliance (https://csa-iot.org/all-solutions/matter/)

Source: Open Connectivity Foundation (https://openconnectivity.org/)

Source: W3 Web of Things (https://www.w3.org/WoT/)

http://www.iiconsortium.org/test-beds.htm

IoT Big Data,
Applications, and Analytics

Growth in M2M Connections Drive New Data Analytics Needs

Why the Internet of Things Matters

Internet of Things Data Value Chain
Source: Navigant Research

Adoption Across the Analytics Spectrum

IoT Business Models
and Outlook

Future X Network Enabling a New Digital Era
Source: Bell Labs Consulting

https://f5.com/labs/articles/threat-intelligence/ddos/the-hunt-for-iot-the-rise-of-thingbots

Increasing Value of an IoT Connection
Towards Mission Critical
Source: Beecham Research & Sierra Wireless 2021

https://connect.comptia.org/content/infographic/list-of-emerging-technologies

Internet of Things Playbook
Source: Navigant Research

Internet of Things (IoT) Maturity Mode
Source: TDWI

IoT Success Requires an Ecosystem of
Internal and External Partnerships
Source: Cisco

IEEE Computer Society Phoenix Chapter - Internet of Things Innovations & Megatrends Update 10/18/23

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