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Indicators of Academic Delinquencies 
as a Means of 
Promoting Goodwill 
by 
Marita Garcia-Sanchez 
atiram40@yahoo.com
LOW GRADES 
FAILED/ FDA 
DROPPED 
INC Grades 
Proven Reasons: 
Parent Factor 
Personal Factor 
Peer Pressures 
Issue: Academic 
Delinquency among 
college students that 
affect s the Student- 
Teacher Relationship 
and connects it to the 
need of building 
goodwill or Public 
Relations.
OBJECTIVES 
BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE 
INDICATORS OF ACADEMIC 
DELINQUENCIES (Parent, PEER, 
Personal Factor) 
EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF 
ACADEMIC DELINQUENCIES 
POINT OUT THE POTENTIAL 
CHALLENGES OF A MARKETING 
COMMUNICATION THAT IS FOCUS 
ON GOODWILL BUILDING OF A
Techniques of building and managing relationships; Differences 
between Marketing and PR; Strategic Communications Planning; 
Marketing Services VS Communications Services 
Creative Services and Special Events (4 Areas/Divisions)
Vivek Wadhwa (2012) 
Roland S. Barth (1998)
Methodology 
 Exploratory Method- Various Studies 2012-14 
Problems on Academic Delinquencies, pressures of work 
–Home and School Environment 
Content Validation- Comparative Analysis 
Students (16) Faculty/staff (12) 
 Means, frequency-Percentage Counts 
214 student respondents on Acad. Delinquencies 
61 students; 37 Managers/Staff/Faculty Respondents
Results & Discussion 
3= INC 73- 74% 
2= Low 71- 72% 
1= Failed/FDA 70% below 
Parent Factor -2nd 
Student Personal Factor - 1st 
Peer Related Factor -3rd 
INC= 80 or 
37.38% 
Low A G= 58 or 
27.10% 
Failed= 76 or 
35.51%
Indicators of Academic Delinquency 
PARENT FACTOR 
1. Dependent from Children 
2. Limited Knowledge/ skills 
3. Alcoholic Parents/ Abuse 
Children 
PEER PRESSURES/ RELATED 
1. Involvement in C0-curricular/ 
Extra curricular led them more to 
academic delinquencies 
2. Classmates/Friends affect time 
and studies 
3.Pressures to Approval in Groups
Causes of Academic Delinquency 
1. Strict parents 
2. Too busy and no time 
3. Single parenting 
4. Alcoholic/ Dependent 
5. Take care siblings, 
6. Do household chores 
7. Support from other 
significant persons
Extent of Reasons 
and Causes of 
Academic 
Delinquencies 
 STUDENTS: Home and Family pressures caused student delinquencies 
 FACULTY : Disagreed in most of the items the students responded 
Variables 
Compared 
Faculty Responses 
N Mean SD 
Student Responses 
N Mean SD 
Mean 
Diff 
Cal t Crit t 
@ .05 
Parents 13 22.15 7.41 214 22.24 4.82 0.09 1.36 Accept 
Siblings 13 17.85 2.35 214 19.60 0.25 1.75 3.95 Reject 
Significant 
13 20.31 3.74 214 20.00 4.09 0.31 17.92 Reject 
Persons 
Reasons of AD are siblings & significant persons: Low Grades, FDA, Dropped, INC Grades
Potential Challenges of Marketing 
Communication
Implications of PR Plans 
1. STUDENT FACTOR-major indicator of Academic Delinquency, FOCUS on 
INTERNAL COMMUNICATION; Through the TEACHER - MENTORING- Online 
/Offline 
2. PARENT FACTOR- subject of EXTERNAL PR COMMUNICATION- Invitational 
FORUM First Semester -Orientation on Policies; 
Second Semester- OPEN HOUSE or Parents Forum 
1. TEACHER- as major player of Internal/External Marketing Communication 
2. EXTERNAL PUBLICS- Regular Visit or Community Service
• Consider academic advising inclusive of online means aside from the 
usual offline mentoring/ advising 
• Monitor problems encountered by students, those they considered 
significant persons 
• Connect with parents/ guardians semi annually 
• Limit extra curricular activities that affect academics, instead 
integrate them in classroom settings instead from separating from 
academic activities 
• Develop faculty and employees to use online mentoring/counseling to 
monitor online activities of students using social media and electronic 
means 
• Create compensation plan that motivates faculty to perform 
additional counseling/ advising in both online and offline means.
References 
Barth, Roland S. (1998) Teachers, Parents and principals Can Make the Difference (Retrievd on March 12, 2014) 
Bourne, Hallie. Peer Pressure.(August, 2009) Philippines: The Mindanao Examiner 
Buzzle Staff and Agencies (2011) How to get Good Grades in College. PA: Dorrance Publishing 
Bortar, Rujuta (2010) Peer pressures Statistics. How Parents can help Teens to deal with Peer pressures 
Carlie, Michael K. (2002) School Failure and Delinquency are the result of a Third Factor: The Problem Behavior 
Syndrome. Pubmed. PMID; http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/pubmed/12779945 
Carvalho, Esly Regina (2010) Pressures on the Family in a Changing World. PA., USA: Dorrance Publishing 
Chen, JJ (May 2005) Relation of Academic Support fromParents, teachers and peers to Hong Kong Adolescents’ 
Academic Achievement: The Mediating role of Academic Engagement. NJ 07083, USA: Keen University, 
Department of Early Childhood Education and Family Studies. jchen@kean.edu 
Cronginger, Robert and Valerie Lee(2001) Scial Capital and Dropping Out of High School: Benefits to at-risk 
students of teachers support and guidance. Williamstown, MA01267. Williams College.
References 
Damiar, Naomi A. (2008) The Performance of Parents-Teachers Association in San Isidro District, Division of Northern 
Samar. Masters Thesis. Northern Samar, Philippines: University of the Philippines, University Town. IS-ix, 78 leaves. 71-73. 
National Library of the Philippines. 
Garcia, Leonardo R. Jr.(2010) e Marketing Revised edition. Philippines. Anvil Publications 
Gonzales, Virdi C. (2010) CVEGrade-isys:a computerized grading system validated and developed. Classroom Based 
Research. Santiago City , Philippines: Cagayan Valley Computer & Information technology College, RPPO. 
Kelly, Joan B. (August, 2000) Children’s Adjustment in Conflicted Marriage and Divorce:: A Decade Review of Research. 
Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Vol 39, Issue 8, pages 963-973 
Lake, Laura. (2013). Public Relations and Social Marketing . Toronto Canada: Topstory.ca. Al Czarnecki Communications 
Laurie, Wilson and Ogden Joseph. (2012) Strategic Communications Planning for Effective Public Relations and Marketing. 
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine 
Manohar, Uttara.(2010). Negative and Positive Effects of Peer Pressures. PA. Dorrance Publishing 
Maguin, Eugen and Rolf Loeber (2006). Academic Performance and Delinquency. USA: Masters Thesis University of 
Chicago. http://www.jrank.org/pages/1265/Peer -Influence.html
References 
Murillo, Joanne Kautzmann. (2011). Dropout and delinquency: Mexican-American and caucasian non-hispanic 
youth.http://family.jrank.org/pages/1265/Peer-Influence.html 
Ross-Kidder, Kathleen. Ph.D.(2002). "Learning Disabilities, ADHD and Delinquency: Is there a link?". Parrini, 
Michelle Law-Related Education and Delinquency Prevention. Michigan, ERIC Digest. 
Rutherford, R.B., Bullis, M., Anderson, C.W., & Griller-Clark, H.M. (In press, 2011) Youth with special education 
disabilities in the correctional system: Prevalence rates and identification issues. Youth with Learning and 
Other Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. 
Siegel, Ayon Kay Larry J. and Brandon Welsh.(2009). Juvenile Delinquency: theory, practice, and law. 
Philippines: Cengage Learning. National Bookstore. 
Sjit Administrator. Academic Delinquency. (April 2011). Butuan City, Philippines.Saint Joseph Institutte of 
Technology. www.sjit.edu.ph/index.php?option =com_content...id 
Wadhwa, Vivek. (2012) 7 Ways to get Great PR. Arthur & Toni Rembe Rock Center for Corporate Governance, 
Stanford University. 
Zamora, DeyanirA, M.S.(2010) Levels of Academic Achievement and Further Delinquency Among Detained 
Youth. Downloaded June 2012. http://swjcj.cjcenter.org/archives/2.1/zamora.pdf. 
Zolten, Kristen, M.A. and Nicholas Long, PhD. (1997). Negative and Positive Effects of Peer Pressures. USA: Department of 
Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Little Rock Center: Center for Effective Parenting. (501) 364- 7580.

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INDICATORS OF ACADEMIC DELINQUENCIES AS A MEANS OF PROMOTING GOODWILL

  • 1. Indicators of Academic Delinquencies as a Means of Promoting Goodwill by Marita Garcia-Sanchez atiram40@yahoo.com
  • 2. LOW GRADES FAILED/ FDA DROPPED INC Grades Proven Reasons: Parent Factor Personal Factor Peer Pressures Issue: Academic Delinquency among college students that affect s the Student- Teacher Relationship and connects it to the need of building goodwill or Public Relations.
  • 3.
  • 4. OBJECTIVES BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE INDICATORS OF ACADEMIC DELINQUENCIES (Parent, PEER, Personal Factor) EXAMINE THE CAUSES OF ACADEMIC DELINQUENCIES POINT OUT THE POTENTIAL CHALLENGES OF A MARKETING COMMUNICATION THAT IS FOCUS ON GOODWILL BUILDING OF A
  • 5. Techniques of building and managing relationships; Differences between Marketing and PR; Strategic Communications Planning; Marketing Services VS Communications Services Creative Services and Special Events (4 Areas/Divisions)
  • 6. Vivek Wadhwa (2012) Roland S. Barth (1998)
  • 7. Methodology  Exploratory Method- Various Studies 2012-14 Problems on Academic Delinquencies, pressures of work –Home and School Environment Content Validation- Comparative Analysis Students (16) Faculty/staff (12)  Means, frequency-Percentage Counts 214 student respondents on Acad. Delinquencies 61 students; 37 Managers/Staff/Faculty Respondents
  • 8. Results & Discussion 3= INC 73- 74% 2= Low 71- 72% 1= Failed/FDA 70% below Parent Factor -2nd Student Personal Factor - 1st Peer Related Factor -3rd INC= 80 or 37.38% Low A G= 58 or 27.10% Failed= 76 or 35.51%
  • 9. Indicators of Academic Delinquency PARENT FACTOR 1. Dependent from Children 2. Limited Knowledge/ skills 3. Alcoholic Parents/ Abuse Children PEER PRESSURES/ RELATED 1. Involvement in C0-curricular/ Extra curricular led them more to academic delinquencies 2. Classmates/Friends affect time and studies 3.Pressures to Approval in Groups
  • 10. Causes of Academic Delinquency 1. Strict parents 2. Too busy and no time 3. Single parenting 4. Alcoholic/ Dependent 5. Take care siblings, 6. Do household chores 7. Support from other significant persons
  • 11. Extent of Reasons and Causes of Academic Delinquencies  STUDENTS: Home and Family pressures caused student delinquencies  FACULTY : Disagreed in most of the items the students responded Variables Compared Faculty Responses N Mean SD Student Responses N Mean SD Mean Diff Cal t Crit t @ .05 Parents 13 22.15 7.41 214 22.24 4.82 0.09 1.36 Accept Siblings 13 17.85 2.35 214 19.60 0.25 1.75 3.95 Reject Significant 13 20.31 3.74 214 20.00 4.09 0.31 17.92 Reject Persons Reasons of AD are siblings & significant persons: Low Grades, FDA, Dropped, INC Grades
  • 12. Potential Challenges of Marketing Communication
  • 13. Implications of PR Plans 1. STUDENT FACTOR-major indicator of Academic Delinquency, FOCUS on INTERNAL COMMUNICATION; Through the TEACHER - MENTORING- Online /Offline 2. PARENT FACTOR- subject of EXTERNAL PR COMMUNICATION- Invitational FORUM First Semester -Orientation on Policies; Second Semester- OPEN HOUSE or Parents Forum 1. TEACHER- as major player of Internal/External Marketing Communication 2. EXTERNAL PUBLICS- Regular Visit or Community Service
  • 14. • Consider academic advising inclusive of online means aside from the usual offline mentoring/ advising • Monitor problems encountered by students, those they considered significant persons • Connect with parents/ guardians semi annually • Limit extra curricular activities that affect academics, instead integrate them in classroom settings instead from separating from academic activities • Develop faculty and employees to use online mentoring/counseling to monitor online activities of students using social media and electronic means • Create compensation plan that motivates faculty to perform additional counseling/ advising in both online and offline means.
  • 15.
  • 16. References Barth, Roland S. (1998) Teachers, Parents and principals Can Make the Difference (Retrievd on March 12, 2014) Bourne, Hallie. Peer Pressure.(August, 2009) Philippines: The Mindanao Examiner Buzzle Staff and Agencies (2011) How to get Good Grades in College. PA: Dorrance Publishing Bortar, Rujuta (2010) Peer pressures Statistics. How Parents can help Teens to deal with Peer pressures Carlie, Michael K. (2002) School Failure and Delinquency are the result of a Third Factor: The Problem Behavior Syndrome. Pubmed. PMID; http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/pubmed/12779945 Carvalho, Esly Regina (2010) Pressures on the Family in a Changing World. PA., USA: Dorrance Publishing Chen, JJ (May 2005) Relation of Academic Support fromParents, teachers and peers to Hong Kong Adolescents’ Academic Achievement: The Mediating role of Academic Engagement. NJ 07083, USA: Keen University, Department of Early Childhood Education and Family Studies. jchen@kean.edu Cronginger, Robert and Valerie Lee(2001) Scial Capital and Dropping Out of High School: Benefits to at-risk students of teachers support and guidance. Williamstown, MA01267. Williams College.
  • 17. References Damiar, Naomi A. (2008) The Performance of Parents-Teachers Association in San Isidro District, Division of Northern Samar. Masters Thesis. Northern Samar, Philippines: University of the Philippines, University Town. IS-ix, 78 leaves. 71-73. National Library of the Philippines. Garcia, Leonardo R. Jr.(2010) e Marketing Revised edition. Philippines. Anvil Publications Gonzales, Virdi C. (2010) CVEGrade-isys:a computerized grading system validated and developed. Classroom Based Research. Santiago City , Philippines: Cagayan Valley Computer & Information technology College, RPPO. Kelly, Joan B. (August, 2000) Children’s Adjustment in Conflicted Marriage and Divorce:: A Decade Review of Research. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Vol 39, Issue 8, pages 963-973 Lake, Laura. (2013). Public Relations and Social Marketing . Toronto Canada: Topstory.ca. Al Czarnecki Communications Laurie, Wilson and Ogden Joseph. (2012) Strategic Communications Planning for Effective Public Relations and Marketing. University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine Manohar, Uttara.(2010). Negative and Positive Effects of Peer Pressures. PA. Dorrance Publishing Maguin, Eugen and Rolf Loeber (2006). Academic Performance and Delinquency. USA: Masters Thesis University of Chicago. http://www.jrank.org/pages/1265/Peer -Influence.html
  • 18. References Murillo, Joanne Kautzmann. (2011). Dropout and delinquency: Mexican-American and caucasian non-hispanic youth.http://family.jrank.org/pages/1265/Peer-Influence.html Ross-Kidder, Kathleen. Ph.D.(2002). "Learning Disabilities, ADHD and Delinquency: Is there a link?". Parrini, Michelle Law-Related Education and Delinquency Prevention. Michigan, ERIC Digest. Rutherford, R.B., Bullis, M., Anderson, C.W., & Griller-Clark, H.M. (In press, 2011) Youth with special education disabilities in the correctional system: Prevalence rates and identification issues. Youth with Learning and Other Disabilities in the Juvenile Justice System. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice. Siegel, Ayon Kay Larry J. and Brandon Welsh.(2009). Juvenile Delinquency: theory, practice, and law. Philippines: Cengage Learning. National Bookstore. Sjit Administrator. Academic Delinquency. (April 2011). Butuan City, Philippines.Saint Joseph Institutte of Technology. www.sjit.edu.ph/index.php?option =com_content...id Wadhwa, Vivek. (2012) 7 Ways to get Great PR. Arthur & Toni Rembe Rock Center for Corporate Governance, Stanford University. Zamora, DeyanirA, M.S.(2010) Levels of Academic Achievement and Further Delinquency Among Detained Youth. Downloaded June 2012. http://swjcj.cjcenter.org/archives/2.1/zamora.pdf. Zolten, Kristen, M.A. and Nicholas Long, PhD. (1997). Negative and Positive Effects of Peer Pressures. USA: Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Little Rock Center: Center for Effective Parenting. (501) 364- 7580.

Editor's Notes

  1. This research is exploratory. Data from various studies conducted from 2012 to 2014 on problems of academic delinquencies, pressures of work in school and home environment of respondents were evaluated in a descriptive survey using a questionnaire validated through comparative analysis from the responses made by faculty and students on causes of academic failure, dropping from midterm, and receiving low grades and incomplete marks. Furthermore, those identified students who received low grades, incomplete marks and dropped due to absences were purposely located to answer the questionnaire and utilized as major source of needs identification for the intended marketing PR communication plan by the corporate managers to be implemented to various internal publics.