1. Original Concept: One Spectrum of Service Charity Project Management Social Change Little concern with relationships Little concern with root causes Less developed paradigm High concern with relationships High concern with root causes More developed paradigm

2. Revised Concept: Three Separate & Equal Ways to Think About Service High Social Change Investment in relationships Project Charity Low High Concern with root causes Each paradigm can be expressed in “thin” and “thick” ways depending on how much concern is shown for root causes and investment in relationships.

3. “Thin” Service Means: Imposing service on others Magnifying inequalities Producing outcomes that are worse than the original problem Encouraging dependencies Raising false expectations

4. “Thick” Service Means: Concerned with root causes Concerned with investing in relationships Grounded in deeply held, internally coherent values Matching means and ends Suggesting a vision of a transformed world

5. “Thin” and “Thick” Service By Paradigm Charity Thin: individuals trying to do good things but without much regard for a larger context (i.e., the individual with the “need” or a sense of the long-term aspects of the situation) Thick: the radical act of recognizing and bearing witness to the worth of every person by serving them Project Management Thin: meeting objectives, competing for resources, and building the organization Thick: listening to and encouraging the participation of those service, helping people become self-sufficient Social Change Thin: community organization in which the organizer “sells” his/her own idea or issue Thick: community organizing in which the organizer seeks to find a persons interests, build common ground, organize around values, help ordinary citizens find ways to more closely align their values/actions/world

6. How does this apply to YOU? At your site, what type of “thick” charity is being done? Project management? Social change? What type of “thin” work is being done, or in what areas is no work being done at all? That being said, what are your next steps?

7. Bringing it all together What does your “next step” have to do with your ideas (old or new) of civic engagement as discussed in our check in?