Pbb And Mpls Complementary Technologies For Next...

Pbb And Mpls Complementary Technologies For Next...
Contents:
1) Introduction
2) Summary
3) PBB
4) H–VPLS
5) Combined Technique
6) Conclusion
TITLE:PBB AND MPLS COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES FOR NEXT GENERATION
CARRIER ETHERNET TRANSPORT
Introduction: This paper mainly deals with disadvantages of the PBB and when used in unison with
MPLS how it is going to be advantageous to the service provider networks. An example is
illustrated to explain how this combination benefits and its results are provided.
Summary : Ethernet has became the most widely access technologies as a result it has more demand
by the service provider networks in the market. The market is at an ongoing surge of end customer
bandwidth requirements with requirement of more higher bandwidth application like online video
surfing , online gaming and soon this is the first problem faced by the service provider networks and
secondly the capital for the technology which employs the utilization of higher bandwidth
applications as explained above and profits after introducing the technique. Ethernet has been a
solution for all the problems discussed above like it is of low cost and flexibility issue and it also
support layer 2 and layer 3 devices. Many standardization have been going on by the MEF(Metro
Ethernet Forum)and IEEE to determine it's scalability and other properties one such technique is
Ethernet bridging or provider backbone bridging in various access networks. Now a days the service
providers core networks are employing the IP/MPLS
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Virtual Private Network ( Vpn ) Technology
Abstract:
A virtual private network (VPN) technology creates an encrypted connection over a network. VPN
is useful to exchange information between offices securely. VPN has advantages over traditional
private networks and dedicated links. Tunneling techniques are used to implement VPN. This paper
describes the various tunneling technologies like, IPSec, PPTP, GRE and L2TP used in virtual
private network. It concludes by comparing these technologies and their use for given selection
criteria.
I. Introduction:
A virtual private network enables us to send data between machines across different networks. VPN
has all the characteristics of a private network. It allows only authorized users to access network
related services and resources. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The data being sent is encrypted for confidentiality. The packets over the link are indecipherable
without the encryption keys. If one of the router is destroyed in the communication link it
automatically rebuilds a new communication path so the communication gets rerouted through a
new path.
The VPN connection across the Internet logically operates as a wide area network (WAN) link
between the two sides.
Advantages of VPN:
VPN has several advantages over the dial–up networks and leased lines. The capacity of these lines
is available at all times but fixed and flexible. The traffic on these private networks belong only to
the company deploying the network. There is an assured level of performance but it comes with a
very high price [4].
The traditional private networks are expensive to deploy and plan. The cost is extremely high when
it involves international locations. Further, the dedicated links take time to install and activate the
link. Therefore, using VPN utilizes the ubiquity of the Internet and convenience for dynamic
building and maintenance [3]. Moreover VPN facilitates an agile IT infrastructure. VPN also
supports a mobile workforce a reliable authentication mechanism is supported by VPN to provide
easy access to Internet from anywhere using available access media including analog modems,
ISDN, cable modems, ISDN and DSL at significantly lower cost.
Types of VPN connections:
There are two types of VPN

Replacing Conventional Layer 2 Vpns
I. Introduction:
Numerous endeavors are considering replacing conventional Layer 2 VPNs, for example, Frame
Relay with MPLS–based administrations. For giving virtual private network (VPN) administrations,
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) turning into a more across the board innovation, MPLS
building design security is of expanding concern to Service Providers (SPs) and VPN clients.
MPLS is being utilized to accomplish the accompanying results: to specialist the core network all
the more effortlessly and proficiently (customary MPLS and MPLS activity building), to give VPN
administrations (MPLS–VPN), and to encourage nature of administration (QoS) over a network
core (MPLS–DBP).
In this research paper, the principle aspect is about the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Briefly:
 VPN whichever is considered must have the capacity to utilize the same location space same as
the other VPN has.
 VPN whichever is considered must have the capacity to utilize the same location space as the
MPLS core.
 Between any two VPNs, routing must be free.
 Between any VPN and the core routing must be independent.
MPLS permits distinct VPNs to utilize the same location space; the space can be private address. By
including a 64–bit route distinguisher for every IPv4 route this can be accomplished, making VPN–
special addresses additionally exceptional in the MPLS core. The word "extended" address is called
as "VPN–IPv4 address" and is shown in Figure 1. In this way, clients of a MPLS administration don
't have to change current addressing in their networks. Figure 1: VPN–IPV4 address
There is a way for Routing partitioning between the VPNs. For every associated VPN each PE
router keeps up a different Virtual Routing and Forwarding case (VRF). Routes which are populated
from one VPN for every VRF on PE router, the routes are statically configured or run between the
PE and CE router with help of routing protocols. Since each VPN brings about a different VRF,
there will be no impedances between the VPNs on the PE router.
(ii) Process of hiding infrastructure core:
The main aspect is that internal structure of the MPLS core network (Provider edge (PE) and
Provider (P) components) must not be visible to outside networks (other VPNs). This

To Design Mpls Vpn for a Company
PROJECT REPORT
ON
TO DESIGN A LAYER 3 MPLS VPN (Multiprotocol Label Switching Protocol Virtual Private
Network ) FOR A CUSTOMER WITH DIFFERENT LOCATIONS
C O N T E N T S
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ABOUT THE PROJECT
► Problem statement ► Proposed solution ► Objectives
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
► Multiprotocol Label Swithcing(MPLS) ■ Architecture ■ How does it work ■ CEF Switching ■
Advantages
► Virtual Private Network(VPN) ■ Terminologies ■ Implementation Techniques ■ Features
►MPLS VPN ■What is it ? ■Working ■Security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here, a router builds a table (called routing table) as how a packet should be forwarded through
which interface, by using either statically configured statements (called static routes) or by
exchanging information with other routers in the network through a dynamical routing protocol,
Control plane maintains contents of the label–switching table (label forwarding information base, or
LFIB).
Data plane has a simple forwarding engine. It is a very simple mechanism.It does not involve any
tables.
MPLS CONTROL AND DATA PLANE COMPONENTS
[pic]

■ HOW DOES IT WORK
MPLS works by prefixing packets with an MPLS header, containing one or more "labels". This is
called a label stack. Each label stack entry contains four fields: ● A 20–bit label value. ● A 3–bit
Traffic Class field for QoS (quality of service) priority (experimental) and ECN (Explicit
Congestion Notification). ● A 1–bit bottom of stack flag. If this is set, it signifies that the current
label is the last in the stack. ● An 8–bit TTL (time to live) field. These MPLS–labeled packets are
switched after a label lookup/switch instead of a lookup into the IP table. As mentioned above, when
MPLS was conceived, label lookup and label

Nt1310 Unit 3 Elements Of VPN
5. Typical elements of VPN
VPN server: A computer accepts VPN connections from VPNclients. A VPN server can provide a
remote access VPN connectionor a gateway–to–gateway VPN connection.
VPN client: A computer initiates a VPN connection to a VPN server.A VPN client can be a remote
computer obtaining a remote accessVPN connection or a router obtaining a gateway–to–gateway
VPNconnection.
VPN tunnel: The portion of the connection in which data isencapsulated and encrypted.
Tunneling protocols: The communication standards used to managetunnels and encapsulate
Tunneled data: Data that is encapsulated and encrypted, and sentacross a private link.
Transit network: The shared or public network such as a privateintranet or the Internet where the
encapsulated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
IPSec has two encryption modes: tunnel and transport.
IPSec uses three main protocols:
 IP Authentication Header (AH), IP protocol 51, providesauthentication of the origin of the data,
ensures data integrity, and protects against replay.
 IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), IP protocol 50, protects datafrom viewing by third
parties, and provides the same features as AH.
 The Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol(ISAKMP) is a protocol
framework that defines payload formats, themechanics of implementing a key exchange protocol,
and thenegotiation of a security association.
IPSec can be used in two modes: Tunnel encrypts the header and the payloadof each packet while
transport only encrypts the payload.
 Transport mode is normally used between the end points of aconnection – for example, to
establish a secure connection such as aVPN between a client device and a

Best Practice Wireless Case Study
Best Practice Wireless
*** I was not sure what you were asking with this question, so I did the best that I could to answer
this question. ***
The best practice wireless at the present time depends on the network needs of an organization.
There is no best practice wireless at the present time, as there are four main recommendations that
are based on the network need required by an organization. The recommendations are divided into
four categories that are based on the network traffic needs. The four categories are low traffic needs,
moderate traffic needs, high traffic needs, and very high traffic needs. Each category will be
discussed in more detail: for low traffic needs – 64 Kbps or less – the recommendation is to go with
VPN if the reliability is less important, otherwise frame relay would be the best recommendation.
For moderate traffic needs – 64 Kbps to 2 Mbps – the recommendation is to go with VPN if the
reliability is not as important, however T1 or fractional T1 is best if ... Show more content on
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Within this article, the authors states that in order to provide a safe and secure wireless network,
they outlined the counter attacks and measures for the security of wireless networks. Some of the
counter attacks that the authors have listed includes, system security – which breakdowns to
administrative level security, physical level security, and technical level security, and information
security (Ameen et al, 2012). For the purpose of answering the previous question, the main counter
attack that would best defend against the problems would be system security – particularly the
administrative level security. At this level of security, administrative control over the system by
establishing a well defined user hierarchy plus a strong authentication measures, can prevent
security breaches of WLANs from

The Virtual Private Network System
Introduction A virtual private network (VPN) is a system that utilizes public telecommunication
infrastructure, such as the Internet, to offer remote offices or single users with safe access to their
institution's network ( Collins, Keeley & Waye,2000). A virtual private network can be compared to
an expensive system of held or rented lines that can only be utilized by a single organization. The
aim of a VPN is to offer the institution with similar capabilities, but at very low costs
(Hulsebosch,Belmont & Manke ,2011). A VPN functions by using the allocated public infrastructure
while retaining confidentiality through safety processes and HYPERLINK
"http://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/definition/tunneling"tunneling HYPERLINK
"http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/protocol"protocols like the Layer Two Tunneling
Protocol (HYPERLINK "http://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/definition/Layer–Two–
Tunneling–Protocol"L2TP). In effect, the protocols, by encrypting data at the dispatching end and
decrypting it at the receiving end, send the data via a tunnel that cannot be accessed by data that is
not appropriately encrypted. An added degree of safety involves encrypting both the data and the
originating and receiving system addresses.A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is therefore a means of
generating a safer link to and from a network or computer system. VPNs have been utilized for
years, but they have become stronger in recent years. They are reasonable and

What Makes a Good Vpn
Virtual private networks (VPN) provide an encrypted connection between distributed sites over a
public network (e.g., the Internet). By contrast, a private network uses dedicated circuits and
possibly encryption. The basic idea is to provide an encrypted IP tunnel through the Internet that
permits distributed sites to communicate securely. VPN 's permit secure, encrypted connections
between a company 's private network and remote users through a third–party service provider. A
VPN can grow to accommodate more users and different locations much easier than a leased line. In
fact, scalability is a major advantage that VPN 's have over typical leased lines (dedicated circuits).
Unlike with leased lines, where the cost increases in proportion ... Show more content on
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With RAS you would need access to the actual wire or the telephone switch being utilized and VPN
's utilize a lot of different devices when crossing the internet making it more susceptible to hacking.
When purchasing a VPN for your company one of the first things that you need to decide is what
type of protocol you would like to use. One of the more common protocols used is the Point–to–
Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP). PPTP is a protocol that is used to allow users to connect to their
corporate network via the internet. This is a relatively inexpensive way to provide remote access to
your network considering that most Microsoft operating systems come with some sort of PPTP
client. Other things to keep in mind when coming up with a VPN solution are the implementation
and design and the cost of the solution. The cost is especially important considering that the uses of
VPN 's are used to help save your company money. There are four types of attacks used against
VPN 's. Those four types are impersonation, integrity, disclosure, and denial of service.
Impersonation attacks are used just as the word says; it is when someone tries to get into your
network while posing as someone else. This type of attack can be greatly reduced by using the
strong authentication methods supported by PPTP. Integrity attacks are the changing of information
during a transfer of data. The most common integrity attacks take place on email messages where a
hacker

Using The Standard Mpls Data Plane
Abstract–The evolution of MPLS networks have made them critically important for ISPs for the
various functions of traffic engineering, efficient network utilization and for providing L2 and L3
enterprise VPN services. All these functions are supported by complex, energy hungry and
expensive core routers with support for a wide variety of control protocols carefully combined with
data plane mechanisms. It is observed that the MPLS data–plane handles simpler functions of
pushing, popping–off and swapping labels and are mostly un–affected by any changes to the
control–plane functionalities. This paper discusses the possibility of using the standard MPLS data–
plane in combination with a simple extensible control–plane using OpenFlow, SDN and its
applications. A Protocol implementation is discussed to show the simplicity of the approach over
existing MPLS control plane and how more services can be supported with the new control–plane.
Finally, The paper discusses how the introduction of a new map abstraction fits well with the unified
control architecture for packet and circuit networks, making the new control–plane ideal for multi–
layer networks.
I. INTRODUCTION
MPLS has evolved as a complex and efficient solution for ISPs for the purposes of traffic
engineering and enterprise L2 and L3 VPN services, traffic engineering in turn serves the purpose of
maximizing the utilization of infrastructure while VPNs offer secure connection services to
enterprises, this feature

IPsec and VPN
IPSec
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a set of protocol for establishment of securing Internet Protocol
(IP) communications. Safety on data was established through process of authentication and
encryption of each IP packet in every communication session. At the beginning of the session,
mutual authentication between agents will established and cryptographic keys to be used will
arbitrated during the session. IPsec can be applied in protecting data flows not only between pair of
hosts and pair of security gateway but also for between a security gateway and a host.
IPsec provided end–to–end security in the Internet Layer of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is
different to other Internet security systems which is being use all ... Show more content on
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VPNs can be either remote–access or site–to–site. In a corporate setting, remote–access VPNs allow
employees to access their company 's intranet from home or while traveling away from the office,
and site–to–site VPNs allow staff member in geographically disparate offices to share one cohesive
virtual network. A VPN also be used to interconnect two similar networks over a dissimilar middle
network. VPN systems may be classified by the protocols used to tunnel the traffic, the tunnel 's
termination point location, whether they offer site–to–site or remote–access connectivity, the levels
of security served or the OSI layer they present to the connecting network.
Therefore, in order to prevent exposure of confidential information, VPNs generally allow only
verified remote access and make use of encryption techniques. VPNs provide security by the use of
tunneling protocols and through security procedures such as encryption. The VPN security model
give confidentiality such that even if the network traffic is sniffed at the packet, an attacker would
only see encrypted data, sender authentication to prevent unauthorized users from accessing the
VPN and message integrity to detect any occurence of manipulating with transmitted messages
Secure VPN protocols include the following; Internet Protocol Security

Computer Networks : Principles, Technologies And Protocols...
Material in this section is based on material from Computer Networks: Principles, Technologies and
Protocols for Network Design by Natalia Olifer and Victor Olifer (pub. John Wiley & Sons 2005).
The term 'VPN' has no standard interpretation. Different networking specialists and different
organisations may understand it in different ways. Historically, the term was first introduced by
telephone companies. The main feature of a telephone VPN is that it can provide users from an
organisation which uses a public provider's telephone service instead of its own private PBX with
something very close to PBX functionality (commonly known as Centrex, and popular in North
America). For example, they can dial using convenient private (usually short) numbers; certain
phones can be fully or partly isolated from the public telephone network; and users can use PBX–
style telephone services like call forwarding, call rerouting, voice mail etc. For data networks the
term came to be used later, at first mainly for services which provide more security than the
standard Internet service due to user data encryption. However, there are also services that do not
encrypt user data but create logical channels for users within public data networks and provide
controllable connectivity between VPN users and with the outside world. (Some of these elements
were available to the data networking community in the closed user group of X.25 and the filtering
capabilities of SMDS in previous incarnations of

Cis Data Communications Concepts Wans
Data Communication Concepts I Instructions: Insert your answer after each question in a bold red
typeface. When complete, attach the document as your submission for this assignment. You may
name your answers document any name you choose. Once I score your document it will be named
[Last Name][First Name], and returned to you as an attachment to my feedback. When your answer
consists of a list of items, please enter only one list–item per line. This helps speed the scoring
process. Name: ________Hugo Tinoco sanchez ___________ Assignment Questions: Describe the
responsibilities and scope of authority for each of the following government organizations. You may
need to review the discussion on the ITU from chapter one: ... Show more content on
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Describe the three dedicated–circuit network architectures discussed in the textbook. Explain the
strengths and weaknesses of each. Ring Architecture. Has a closed loop with all PC's linked to the
next one. Circuits are full duplex or half duplex, which allows messaging in both directions around
the ring. The fall back is the time in which message can take to travel around the ring from the
sender to a receiver, since the messages have to pass through several different computers and
circuits, concluding in traffic delays which can pile up quickly. Star Architecture connects all the
PCs to a central PC which acts as the message router to an appropriate PC. It's easier to manage
because of the central PC receiving and routing all the messages in the desired network. This allows
the communication to be faster than ring architecture since it only travels through two circuits to
reach the receiver. However, having only one central pc can create more problems since its in
change of all the messages on the network. This creates room for overload in traffic and could
potentially decrease performance overall. Mesh Architecture has every PC connected to very other
PC. This is a Full–mesh network, and it's biggest downfall is the high price. However, partial–mesh
most PC, but not all are connected to each other. Although it combines star and ring, if

Overview of Virtual Private Networks
Virtual Private Networks Virtual private networks (VPNs) were originally associated with remote
connectivity services, such as public telephone networks and Frame Relay PVCs (VPN History).
They evolved into IP based data networking. Early VPNs required extensive expertise to implement,
but today deployment is simple and affordable. VPNs are based around technology that ensures
strong authentication and encryption (Cartwright, 2003). Current VPN market trends are leaning
towards smoothing out the rough edges of IPsec and MPLS, looking forward to additional
applications of them, and ways to integrate them so that networks can communicate even if they
were provisioned differently (VPN Market Trends). The market is focusing on improving gateway
and client management software. There is also an emerging trend to improve security functions in
their offerings and allow integration with other devices. The market trends involve improved service
agreements in handling service problems. The communications industry is shifting toward cluster
computing to tap into sharp increases in computing power, raise industry standards, and achieve
reliability through product architecture (Macwan, 2006). There are two efforts of standardization,
Service Availability Forum (SAF) and Carrier Grade Linux (CGL). Both standards strive to create
standards with appeal to the telecom market in terms of marketplace standardization and the ability
of third party independent software suppliers to produce

A Virtual Private Network ( Vpn )
Introduction A virtual private network (VPN) is a private network that extends across a public
network, same as the Internet. It allow user to send and receive data across networks that can be
either shared or public as if it's their own device were connected on private network. Application
running across VPN have functionality, security, management of the Private network. VPN allow
employees to securely access a corporate intranet while located outside the office site. They are used
for geographically separated office of an org. to connect as one network. Individual user can use
wireless transaction with VPN, to circumvent geo–restriction and censorship, or to connect to proxy
servers for the purpose of protecting personal identity and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
To prevent any kind of disclosure of private information, VPNs allow only authenticated remote
access using tunneling protocols and encryption techniques. The VPN security model provides these
measures: Confidentiality: if the network traffic is sniffed at the packet level (see network sniffer
and Deep packet inspection), an attacker would only see encrypted data. Sender authentication to
prevent unauthorized users from accessing the VPN. Message integrity to detect any instances of
tampering with transmitted messages. Authentication Tunnel endpoint are authenticated before
secure VPN tunnels are created. User created remote VPN. May use passwords biometrics two
factor authentication or other cryptographic method. N–N tunnel often use passwords or digital
certificate for security. Keys are permanently stored to allow establish automatically without admin
know. Routing Tunneling protocols can operate in point to point network topology which
theoretically is not vpn, because vpn are to support arbitrary and changing sets of

Advance IP Services and Cloud Connectivity
9.6 Advance IP Services and Cloud Connectivity with AT&T's MPLS–Enabled Virtual Private
Network Solution. In this paper, it Delivering innovative IP–based services and applications to
enterprises requires a robust and secure MPLS–enabled virtual private network (VPN) or IP–based
VPN. Emerging virtual private cloud (VPC)–based services also rely on the underlying network,
which is the environment in which any cloud service must exist. The secure connectivity of a private
IP VPN service combined with the data security supplied from a VPC service ensures that a
customer's data and applications have the high availability, reliability, and flexibility to connect to
any enterprise resources. The purpose of this study is to provide some answers to the following
thesis question that has not been answered yet by currently available literature related to what
features do we currently use on our network–based MPLS IP VPN? Author present their
recommendation, on how to increase the Network quality, with different aspects, author also define
future advances in managing applications like 3G/4G, Wi–Fi, Broadband including Ethernet, Private
Line and Cellular. Based on the currently available literature, the service providers that add VPC
service offerings to business IP VPNs will be able to better leverage the technologies and network
assets to create operational simplicity and improve their customer "stickiness" for managed IP VPN
services and future private cloud–based services. 9.7 IP

Cost Reduction Using Sd Wan
Cost Reduction using SD–WAN
When compared to a faster though unpredictable internet, the traditional network is known to be
consistent and dedicated to perform better. The faster internet virtual private network (VPN)
connections provide the best video conference experience when compared to that of much slower
dedicated MPLS connections, where we can say with this example that internet VPN has
outperformed MPLS most of the time. It is extremely difficult to route the traffic basing traditional
policies, as the circuits are not been utilized up to their maximum extent.
To achieve this optimal usage we employ the SD–WAN technology solutions which enable the
capability of leveraging the exact combination of expensive and inexpensive wide area network
connections. The actual complexity lies in policy routing the traffic over best available paths across
diverse WAN links that leads to a huge data transmitting issue if we are not having a constant
connectivity performance. For instance let us say if the backup traffic is best suited for network
internet connection but the voice and video traffic is best suited for a dedicated connection and now
if the receiving side of the dedicated connection experiences jitter or delay, it would be a great idea
to route voice and video traffic over the internet connection at this moment instead of experiencing
the packet loss.
Even after collecting a huge amount of flow data to make these kinds of decisions, all the effort goes
useless once it

The Potential Threats And Risks That Have Home And...
IV. Overview of the many possible threats/risks that both home and corporate WIFI networks will
need to overcome to provide the desirable level of security. A. Data Interception – anything that
spreads outside your house or business can possibly be captured by non–authorized recipients. This
can be done within a couple hundred feet or even much farther with a directional antennas used.
(Phifer, 2010) B. Denial of Service – WIFI is by its nature completely vulnerable to DoS. One of the
issues is that all users share the same frequencies, making competition unavoidable in high
population areas. But beyond the non–intentional issues, fake messages can be sent to disconnect
users or task the AP resources and monopolize channels (Phifer, ... Show more content on
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(Phifer, 2010) H. Endpoint attacks – attackers now are relooking to directly compromise WIFI
endpoints by taking advantage of defective WIFI drivers to execute buffer overflows. (Phifer, 2010)
I. Evil Twin Access Points – fake APs that advertise the same network name (SSID) as a genuine
hotspot or business WIFI. (Phifer, 2010) J. Wireless phishing – clever hackers can even use the Evil
Twin or open hotspot to poison the WIFI client Web browser cache. (Phifer, 2010) V. Options for
enterprise level WIFI encryption, virtual private networks (VPNs) and various other methods and
tools for securing. A. Establish WIFI Security. 1. WPA2–Enterprise. While WPA2 Personal is
designed for personal and home usage and it isn't the most secure choice. Admittedly, it is much
simpler to install and use than WPA2 Enterprise. However, WPA2 Enterprise provides a much better
authentication stage (WPA2 Enterprise vs. Personal, 2014). WPA2 Enterprise can not only be setup
to allow for standard password authentication, but also can be configured for password and/ or
digital certificates. With WPA2 Enterprise, if a WIFI device is lost or compromised, the credentials
can be revoked or changed. With WPA2 Personal, you would have to change the password manually
on all devices in the same situation. Also, because WPA2 Enterprise uses dynamic and unique keys,
it

Mpls Network Based Mpls Uses Label Switching And Reliable,...
If a business is looking for a way to have a system that is fast and reliable, as well as secure MPLS
is the best solution. MPLS helps with the transfer of data between different business locations and it
has the ability to scale for any size business so it makes it a very valuable investment. MPLS takes
away all constant routing lookups associated with regular IP routing and provides high quality
performance for company networks.
MPLS Description
Multi–Protocol Label Switching(MPLS) is a technology that uses label switching to more data over
a network. MPLS is technology that businesses use to create their own private WAN (Wide Area
Network). MPLS is used to connect different LAN's (Local Area Network) together that exist in
different areas of the country. When first talking about MPLS one must understand that MLPS isn't
a service is more known as a technique. This means that it can be used for many different services
that may not be known as MPLS. MPLS seems to operate in the middle of the OSI model layers 2
and 3 so it is somewhat of a layer 2.5 protocol. The reasoning being is that MPLS sits between those
layers is because it provides more features for data transportation on a network. One of the basic
concepts MPLS is packet labeling or label switching. In a regular Internet Protocol (IP) routing,
every router makes a IP lookup in order to determine the next router in the routing table. Which then
forwards the packet and this process continues for every router until

Essay On Wan Technologies
As the world progresses technology everyday, the reliance on the Internet and its uses become more
and more necessary. Many people connect to hundreds of applications and devices they use every
single day. Behind these applications are extremely complex networks that allow users to connect in
ways that expand every single day. To achieve this, companies must design their networks for secure
access and reliability to allow seamless access for users. On the back–end these companies must
also have a secure network in place for their offices, remote workers, and any other remote resource
to access confidential materials and other sensitive matter. This can be accomplished through a
variety of WAN technologies that are used in the world today. ... Show more content on
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With frame relay the user only has to pay for the local loop and the allotted bandwidth they
purchased. Since these loops are shared between many users the cost is reduced. Frame Relay
provides a better alternative because it only requires a single point of access. From that point of
access the Frame Relay allows the sites to connect together. On top of the overall cost, it is also
much simpler to configure which results in less overhead yet again. The connections were simpler to
establish because Customer Service Equipment or CPE would be configured and linked to the ISPs
Frame relay switch. This allowed end user configuration management to be simple and
straightforward. Besides cost savings, Frame relay is also more reliable and provides more
bandwidth than private/leased lines. Frame relay provides greater flexibility versus leased lines by
using Virtual Circuits or VCs. As communication is desired between locations, a connection to a
Virtual Circuit is formed. In this process each end point connection uses a Data Link Connection
Identifier or DLCI which acts as an "address" for the end point. Data sent through the relay is taken
from the network layer of the OSI model and is then encapsulated through the data portion of the
frame relay frame. Once this is done, the frame is then sent to the physical layer for delivery. Within
the packet there will be an address field that includes the DLCI and checksum to show where the
packet needs to go. Another alternative to a

Virtual Private Network ( Vpn )
What is a Virtual Private Network?
A virtual private network (VPN) is an addition of a private network that bridges the connection
between a shared or public network. It allows you to send data between two computers in a point to
point private link (Microsoft, Virtual Private Networking: An Overview). VPN allows individuals
and companies to connect two locations securely and remotely. For example, if one company branch
is in Secaucus, NJ and the other is in Newark, NJ; they can securely access the central resources and
communicate with each other.
Types of VPN?
The common uses of a Virtual Private Network are: Remote Access over the Internet, Connecting
Networks over the Internet, and Connecting Computers over Intranet. Remote access or PPTP VPN
is the most commonly used VPN protocol. It enables the user to connect to the VPN network using a
password login. They don't require extra resources such as expensive hardware and are usually
available in an inexpensive software.
Site to Site VPN allows different sites of the same organization to have their own network to
connect together and form a VPN. It can be hardware or software based.
Layer to Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is similar to PPTP as not only it provides data confidentially
but also data integrity. L2PT was invented by Cisco and Microsoft (Personalized). Image below
drawn by Cisco.
Layer 2 Protocol tunneling allows data units to be tunneled through a network. Edge Switch is
connected to the client switch

Mpls Ip Vpn Services And Network Testing
3.1 MPLS IP VPN
3.1.1 Description – MPLS IP VPN
MPLS IP VPN will allow the company to connect all three locations to each other over the Internet,
This will be done utilizing a Virtual Private Network. This will allow for a secure connection for the
company, while using the existing infrastructure of the Internet.
3.1.2 Cost and Benefits – MPLS IP VPN
3.1.2.1 Costs
Identify all relevant costs incurred over the chosen project timeframe: o Tangible non–recurring.
Cisco 7304 Router x4 – 120,000.00
Cisco MDS 9148 Switch x4 – 128,000.00
Labor to install and purchase Cat6 Cable – 60,000.00
Cisco UCS B230 M2 Server x6 – 80,000.00
Dell Precision M670 Laptop Workstation – 625,000.00 o Tangible recurring costs.
Software license
MPLS connection $600/month; $21,600 for 3 years
Quality Assurance and Network Testing
3.1.2.2 Benefits
This option is costly, However it comes with many benefits and it will save the company in the long
run because this equipment is on the cutting edge. It exceeds the current network workload, and will
also be able to handle an increase in network traffic and growth over the next few years, without
having to buy more equipment. These figures also include spare laptops in case there is any
equipment failure in the future, it also allows room for growth.
3.2 Windows Azure
3.2.1 Description – Windows Azure
Windows Azure is a cost–effective solution to store and access your companies data. With this
option there is no need to have servers in–house,

The Label Switching And Mpls Is A Technique That Enables...
Multiprotocol label switching or MPLS is a technique that enables the labeling of packets in such a
way that facilitates network traffic and the tracking of that packet across different routers along a
network. As a technique, moreover, it is differentiated from a specific service, so that in essence
MPLS can be utilized in the delivery of different kinds of services, including virtual private
networks on IP, Ethernet, and optics–based services. The fundamental idea is that information about
a packet in a network is saved in a kind of tag or label, known as the FEC or the forwarding
equivalence class. This FEC is a sequence of bits that is attached to the packet. From there, routers
within a network access a lookup table whenever it handles a packet, and that lookup table contains
information on how to deal with the packet based on its FEC. This is a boost for network efficiency
because in traditional IP networks, the router has to do an analysis of the packet header, and
therefore make decisions on how to deal with the packet after an analysis step. This is a bottleneck,
because the decision on what to do with the packet is done by each and every router. What happens
is that the packet, once within the network, is tagged, and that label corresponds to an action in the
lookup table or index, from which the table then goes on to give the packet a fresh FEC. The
distinction power that this technique provides for different kinds of packets allows MPLS
implementations to then

Virtual Private Networks
Virtual Private Networks
Abstract
With the increasing popularity of the Internet, new technologies have introduced to provide secure
access to the resources from remote clients. Virtual Private Networks are becoming the most
universal method for remote access. They enable service provider to take advantage of the power of
Internet by providing a private tunnel through the public cloud to realize cost savings and
productivity enhancements from remote access applications. VPNs securely convey information
across the Internet connection to remote users, branch offices and business partners into an extended
corporate network. This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of VPN and its services and how
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These devices do not have direct connectivity to the service provider network. C devices are not
aware of the VPN.
Customer Edge devices (CE) – These devices are located at the edge of the network and connect to
the provider network.
Service provider network devices also fall into two categories –
Service Provider devices (P) – P devices are devices such as routers and switches within the
provider network that do not directly connect to customer networks. P devices are unaware of
customer VPNs.
Service Provider Edge devices (PE) – These devices connect directly to the customer networks via
CE devices.
2.2 VPN Gateways – A VPN Gateway handles the high speed encryption and decryption methods,
provides tunneling services for passing data and generally makes sure that a VPN connection is
established. Gateway can be software, or built on a firewall, or a router or server, or a security
appliance.
2.3 Keys – Keys are used for the encryption and decryption of data. Sites can choose to maintain
their own database of digital certificates (keys) for users by setting up a certificate server, or they
can use an external certificate authority.
2.4 Network – There must be an internet infrastructure at both ends to provide the actual

transmission medium. Some of these components may be built on a single device or spread over
many devices over several sites.
3. GOALS OF VPN
The service goal of VPNs is

Unit 5 Assignment 1: A Case Study Of Ethernet
The presence of such a label, however, has to be indicated to the router/switch. In the case of
Ethernet frames this is done through the use of EtherType values 0x8847 and 0x8848, for unicast
and multicast connections respectively.[1] MPLS is currently (as of March 2012) in use in IP–only
networks and is standardized by the IETF in RFC 3031.[7] It is mostly used to connect at least two
prime facilities to very large number of locations. For example, in the retail sector, it is very
common to see distributions of thousands of locations to communicate its data to/from a
headquarters data center.[7] MPLS Applications Traffic engineering Fast reroute VPNs Pseudo–
wires Traffic engineering: MPLS avoid the situations in which some parts of the network are
congested while other parts of the network are less utilized. Goal here is to efficiently use bandwidth
and other available resources, share the load of traffic across paths with unequal cost, enable flexible
forwarding policies, route primary paths away from known blockages or points of congestion,
control the path of traffic to destinations outside the domain, combining routing determined by
MPLS based routing with routing determined by plain IP. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The protection Label Switched Paths is intended for short time use after the failure. Virtual Private
Networks: It provides a private network over a shared infrastructure, it interconnect separate sites
which are geographically far from each other, with the same privacy and facilities as a private
network. Pseudo–wires: It emulates a layer 2 point to point connection over an MPLS network, it
uses an additional label to improve

Multiprotocol Label Switching Essay
This paper will discuss one of the most popular and successful networking technologies in recent
memory. This technology is known as Multiprotocol Label Switching, or MPLS. Inspired by Ipsilon
Networks, developed by Cisco, and standardized by the IETF, this service has become a dominant
competitor. Independent think–tank, Nemertes Research has estimated that nearly eighty five
percent of companies are already using MPLS today. Multiprotocol Label switching works at layer
2 and is a new, alternative WAN service. Although it significantly differs from more traditional
WAN implementations, the creators were considerate of interoperability. Thus, MPLS is compatible
with other popular methods. Not only is it compatible, but it's also a means of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
MPLS encapsulated PDUs move through a WAN via Label Switched Paths (LSPs), which are
similar to Frame Relay's virtual circuits. PDUs with closely related paths are grouped into
Forwarding Equivalence classes (FECs). FECs are not synonymous with LSPs, as multiple FECs
often traverse the same LSP. Regular interior routing protocols are present on the WAN, but only to
spread topology data so that LSPs can be created. They are not involved in individual forwarding
decisions. Traffic engineering extensions can even be added to create backup LSPs and provide
QoS.
MPLS has many advantages over competitive services. It was originally developed as a faster
technique for moving data between LANs. Since only a single router has to fully inspect incoming
traffic, and all others are merely reacting to the conclusions of this original inspection, speed is
improved from the paradigm. However many advancements in hardware have somewhat closed the
gap on this difference. Nonetheless, MPLS remains a fair choice for those who wish to optimize the
speed of their network, and it has many things to offer beyond that original intent. The
"Multiprotocol" part of it's name is important in explaining many of these perks. What is meant by
multiprotocol is that it's compatible with any network layer protocol. And not only that, it's also
friendly with other WAN services such as Frame Relay and ATM. This means that any existing
legacy networks or variant adjacent WANs will play well

An Open Public Network / Environment Essay
Introduction Virtual is something that is not real, but can be produced by computer imaging. So
when you have a VPN, it is considered to be private interaction with two or more devices. The way
that these two or more devices can communicate with one another is through the use of the Internet
wish is a public network and not private. So the communication that takes place between two or
more devices is virtual but not physical form. Private the meaning of is to keep something hidden
like a secret from others, or in this case from the public. Although two or more devices are able to
communicate with one another on an open public network/environment, there will be no third party
who can disturb this communication. Since a third party in unable to disrupt there communication it
is also unable to receive the information that is being exchanged between the two communicators. A
network is terminal nodes and links that make it possible for two computes or other devices
electronically pass data to each other along data connections. These computers and devices are able
to communicate with one another via cables and wires, so in turn a VPN is a network. It also has the
ability to transmit data long distances very productively and smoothly with no problem. VPN has
been associated with remote connectivity services in the past such as the (PSTN), Public Switched
Telephone Network. This network is starting to be coupled with IP networks. In the past IP network
enterprises had broadband

Business Data And Using Medium Or High Tolerance For Delay...
Telecom offers three classes of service or queues for their One Office network, to deliver different
service levels regarding latency, delay, packet loss, jitter and bandwidth depending on the
application. The three classes are :
1. Real Time – applications that need real–time response (e.g. VoIP)
2. Interactive – thin client apps with low delay and loss tolerance (e.g. Citrix)
3. Business Data – applications with medium or high tolerance for delay and loss
While each class can use the bandwidth allocated to it, the business data class is also able to burst
into the other queues, if those do not utilize their bandwidth at the time (Telecom New Zealand Ltd.,
2005). Only the business data and real time classes are used by Gen–iand bandwidth is allocated to
these classes depending on the individual office. The offices with 2 Mbps links (Rotorua, Tauranga,
Napier) for instance reserve 400 or 256 Kbps for their voice traffic, whereas the Corporate Telecom
office has allocated 4.5 Mbps of their 10 Mbps link to real–time traffic.
6.2 Site–to–site VPN and remote VPN& Internet
Gen–i uses virtual private network (VPN) connections between their Gisborne office and
Invercargill site as well as for the connection of remote users, such as at home or on the road, to
connect to their network resources through Invercargill. VPN connections are established over the
Internet, which Invercargill accesses through Telecom's Corporate Internet Direct service (CID).
This service provides fibre

IPSec and Network Security Essay
IPSec is a framework which utilizes a set of IETF protocols to offer end–to–end IP security using
strong encryption, public and private key pair cryptography. IPSec secures communication links that
could experience network security issues like corruption, eavesdropping, misused data etc (Pezeshki
et al 2007) when not secured. However, using IPSec tends to also have an adverse effect on router
utilization and overall network performance. One of the major issues with IPSec is performance
degradation and throughput (Berger, 2006) which goes back to the complex authentication and
encapsulation techniques. Data protection tends to increase required bandwidth; security
transformation reduces performance and delays data processing and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Adding IPSec VPN technology appears to come with high data processing cost and additional
complexity. IPSec is slow in establishing connection. This adds to delay in establishing
authenticated connections degrading network service levels and user productivity (Pezeshki, et
al.2007). Using IKE initially to negotiate security usually increases time of connection by one to
three seconds depending on the network rounding time, policy design and required load on system
to establish connection. IPSec protection tends to adds overheads to IP packets. The use of IKE,
ESP, Cryptography and digital signature generation and Diffie–Hellman computations (Shue, et al
2007; Fujimoto and Takenaka, 2006) all cause overheads and this increases network utilization and
reduces effective throughput especially when multiple clients connect to it simultaneously. The
interaction of IPSec VPNs and firewalls in practice may cause problems (Berger, 2006; Adeyinka,
2008b). A strict firewall policy may prevent adoption of IPSec packets. This is because ESP and AH
encapsulates IP payloads by adding security header to each packet making it difficult to interpret
IPSec protected packets by existing network management. The presence of NAT could also lead to a
wrong process of IP packets because NAT devices checks and modifies the packet port address
which is encrypted by IPSec packet (Mei and Zhang, 2009). Interoperability is another issue with
IPSec VPN

Case Study Of Reliance Communications
Reliance Communications Limited is the flagship business of Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani
Group. It is one of the foremost telecommunications service providers in India. The Company
acknowledges having a customer base of above 118 million that includes 2.6 million individual
overseas retail customers. Rcom does business with over 39,000 Indian and multinational
corporations and over 290 global, regional and domestic carriers.
Reliance Communications has pan–Indian presence in next generation, integrated, convergent
digital network that supports best–of–class communication services, covering over 21,000 cities and
towns and over 400,000 villages in India. Reliance Communications owns and operates the world's
largest genY IP enabled connectivity infrastructure, comprising over 280,000 kilometers of fiber
optic cable systems in India, USA, Europe, Middle East and the Asia Pacific region. It is also the
only company to employ dual technology, GSM and CDMA, operator in India. Its revenue stands
around USD 3.3 billion. Chaired by Anil Ambani, Rcom is headquartered in Mumbai, India.
Mission–
To attain global best practices and become a world–class communication service provider – guided
by its purpose to move towards greater degree of sophistication and maturity.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rcom was commissioned on 28 December 2002, the occasion of Late Ambani's 70th birthday,
laying 60,000 kms route of fiber optics. It also launched CDMA operations in same year in 22
circles. In 2008, Rcom launched GSM services. Since 2010, Rcom is into business of providing 3G
services in 13 circles including Delhi, MP, and Punjab etc. On 31 January 2013, Reliance announced
its partnership with Lenovo to market co–branded android smart phones in India. The company now
employs 8500 people and is a listed company in BSE and

Introduction – The Past:
Thirty years ago, there was no such need of privacy and data encryption as the Internet age had not
taken off. In the 90s, VPN technology was still a fairly new technology but was predicted that it
would be the next big thing in the early 2000s. Only large companies could afford the price to use
dedicated lines to connect to remote locations. However, the disadvantages of the lease line are quite
clear: Although large companies have the capitals and needs for building private networks, small
and medium companies could rely on the less expensive, packet switched X.25 network. As the size
of the Internet continued to grow, both small and large companies began to connect their private
network with the public network. This brings a convenience but with one obvious problem – privacy
and security.
Virtual private network (VPN) was developed in 19XX by Stan Hanks, who build IP VPN based on
TCP/IP–over–X.25 stack for CSNET. Its goal was to ensure privacies and data integrities of
communication and information. Thanks to the helps of many engineers and people such as XXX
decided not to patent the XXXX technology when he was in Microsoft, VPN technology was
growing rapidly during the early 2000s. Over the year, its flexibilities make travelled businessmen
able to connect back to their companies' networks, it also made employees work from home
possible. Although some may argue that this makes the line between home and work space less
clear, others claim that it

What is VPN? A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a network constructed by using a local public
network to connect to a private network. The invention of VPN and the main approach behind this
has changed the world over the last decades. This network was initially created by many big
companies and other organizations, but it wasn't created for the end users. The main motive behind
this technology was that the different companies wanted their network to be secure and private and
also they also wanted their network to be accessed by their other offices at the different locations
because only this network can hold the secrets and the important information about the particular
company. Now, what makes Virtual Private Network (VPN)? There are ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In an extranet, the VPN connections are between company to their partners or the customer. A well–
constructed VPN can benefit to the company such as that it can extend their geographical network.
Secondly it could be cheaper in terms of the operational cost in comparison to the WAN's (Wide
Area Network). It also reduces travelling costs for the employees as they can access the company's
network remotely. The use of well–constructed VPN can improve network topology and it can also
provide overseas networking opportunities. The use of a good VPN can provide quick Return on
Investment (ROI) in comparison to the WAN (Wide area Network). A well–constructed VPN has
different ways to keep the data of a particular company secured and private. First one is Data
Confidentiality, in this method VPN provides the most imperative service. As the private data of the
company travels through a public network, here data confidentiality is important and it can only be
obtained by the proper encryption of the data. This is the procedure of taking all data that from one
computer and sending to another. It should be also encoded in such a manner that only the other
computer can decode it. Mostly every secure VPN's includes one of these protocols to distribute the
encryption. The protocols that VPN uses are Internet Protocol Security (IPsec), PPTP (Point to Point

Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network
Abstract The paper describes the overview of Dynamic Multipoint Virtual private Network
(DMVPN) which is one of the tunneling technologies. With the advent of new modern era, VPN–
based network are helping the businesses to send and receive sensitive data over public
infrastructure which does add as a security feature. With budget as a concern for organizations, it is
important for Network Engineers to not let go of the set infrastructure but also try to implement new
methods to improvise as well as have backward compatibility. Typical VPN have been used as a
need for connecting remote site–to–site businesses, however, with the ever growing needs it has
become essential to provide a scalable as well as dynamic solution. DMVPN is one of the dynamic
and scalable technologies to achieve scalability and also be dynamically evolving as per the
demand. [2] I. Introduction Internet has grown rapidly over the past few years. MAN and WAN
prove to be expensive due to leasing lines from Service providers. MPLS and Frame Relay have
ruled the Wide Area Network over the years in providing private communication. It was needed for
an intermediate solution which can provide security as well as be private. We can replace MPLS and
Frame Relay with DMVPN as it uses a simple hub and spoke model similar to the one used in frame
relay and also virtually separate different networks while maintaining the same infrastructure similar
to what MPLS does. DMVPN is a Hub and spoke type of network. It is a

ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Model
ATM (Asynchronous transfer mode) works at data link layer. ATM is a one type of virtual circuit
packet switching technology and it' networks are connection–oriented which is useful to gather
information regarding circuit switching. It supports integration of voice, data services, and video on
a single network. ADSL is stand for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) which is used data
related residential service. Which means layer 3 packet is segmented into fixed length 53byte cells,
in it 48 bytes of information and 5 bytes of header (overhead) information. So that it allows very
fast switches to be built because switches do not have to spend time determining the start and end a
variable length frame. Also it ensures that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several virtual paths can also be bundled into a larger logical grouping called a transmission path.
ATM allows many customers to share a service provider's network resources and create private
VPN's. It is Complicated and expensive to deploy as well as complicated to operate and manage. It
is not the fastest WAN option by today's standards, for this reasons this is not used frequently today.
MPLS (multi–protocol label switching) is defined by IETF in 1998. It works between layer 2 and
layer 3 protocol so it refers as a 2.5 layer protocol. It works independently at the layer 2
technologies. It can be used over any layer 2 technologies including PPP, frame relay, Ethernet or
ATM. It is a label–based switching method; this method allows routers to make forwarding
decisions based on the contents of a MPLS label. Service providers can offer MPLS services similar
to traditional WAN technologies (frame relay, leased line, ATM services) at lower costs and provide
additional IP–based services, which was not available previously.
How MPLS works? MPLS uses label switched path (LSP) to connect each location rather than
virtual circuit. MPLS has its own terminology. LSP is similar to a frame relay virtual circuit except
that it is independent of a particular layer 2 technology. The big difference is LSP is unidirectional
and each LSP must be matched with another in the opposite direction. A router running MPLS
protocol called LSR router. The Label edge router (LER) or edge

Business Analysis : Barracuda Network
BARRACUDA NETWORKS specialize in the balancing of traffic across multiple ISP links to
ensure Internet continuity and availability, even during ISP outages. It balances both outbound and
inbound traffic intelligently, so users have Internet access whenever they need it. The company has
in place Application prioritization and granular quality–of–service (QoS) policies assure priority to
business–critical application traffic – and the applications remain available even when links fail.
This deploys quickly and transparently into existing networks without changes to configuration or
topology. Secure and affordable, the Barracuda Link Balancer streamlines bandwidth management
while providing maximum Internet access. Efficiency ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Link Any topic (writer 's choice)3 Failover and Failback Link availability and performance is
continuously monitored using multiple protocols and metrics like DNS, Ping, HTTP, and
performance. When link failure or saturation is detected, the Barracuda Link Balancer instantly
reroutes traffic through the available links. It automatically fails back when the ISP restores service.
During link failover/failback, the Barracuda Link Balancer maintains application traffic and VPN
priorities. Inbound Link Balancing Using DNS Inbound link balancing distributes incoming traffic
from Internet–facing services across multiple ISP links by using built–in Authoritative DNS
services. It assigns link–specific IP addresses to each domain and then balances DNS queries to that
domain across the available links. Failed links are removed from the DNS tables and are added back
only when they have been restored. Transparent Deployment Under the preferred transparent mode
of deployment, the Barracuda Link Balancer plugs into an existing network to perform link load
balancing transparently, without requiring any changes on network firewalls, routers, VPNs, or
hosts. Site–to–Site IPsec VPN For secure site–to–site connectivity, the Barracuda Link Balancer
comes with a built–in IPsec VPN gateway. In case of link failover and failback, VPNs fail over to
available links and maintain traffic priorities to ensure uptime for critical organizational services
across the WAN. MPLS links

Virtual Network : Virtual Private Network Essay
Today, the technology VPN (Virtual Private Network) has established strong recognition among IT
people and every administrator is committed to organize VPN–channels for employees working
outside the office. Virtual Private Network is an association of individual machines, or virtual LAN
network, which ensures the integrity and security of data transmitting. It has the properties of a
dedicated private network and allows data transfer between two computers via an intermediate
network such as Internet. VPN has a number of economic advantages over other methods of remote
access. Firstly, users can access the corporate network, without installing with its switched
connection, thus eliminating the need to use modems. Secondly, there is no need for the leased line,
which helps to reduce a cost. The main reason that companies use secure VPN, is that they want to
send "sensitive" and / or confidential information over the Internet, without fear that someone will
be able to intercept and read the transmitted data. Providers implementing technology trusted VPN,
interested in transferring data at a pre–specified routes through a network of one or more trusted
providers. Differences between trusted and secure VPN stand at the stage of defining requirements
to the network. Secure VPN guarantee the confidentiality of information transmitted, but not
responsible for the transmission routes. Trusted VPN provides the necessary routing and delivery
time, maintaining the required level of

Design And Management Of Networks
Design and Management of Networks By Name: Course code+ Name: Professor: Institution: City
and State: Date: Introduction NGN Co. is one of the leading and fastest growing online consulting
corporations in the biosphere specializing in the telecommunications and networking industry
(Plunkett, 2014). Based on the dynamism with which technology is advancing, the number of
expected and the often set goals are increasing which must be achieved in an attempt to keep the
company up and running. One of the major areas that need proper attention and updating is the
networking department. Maintaining the highest level of dynamism and security in the integrated
network is critical especially with the recent developments in technology (Lavan, et.al, 2007).
Further, the company has recently experienced growth in their customer base and size and as such
increasing the possible challenges most likely to face the network. As such, it would be necessary
for the company to develop a more integrative network architecture design to continue enjoying the
positive growth both currently and in the days to come. This paper seeks to present a more concrete
network architecture design that improves on the current network infrastructure of NGN Co. to
integrate the most recent wireless technologies for better and more reliable connectivity within the
organization and to the outside world (Walters et al., 2007). This does not only take focus on
providing better service for their

Wan / Network Design Project
Class Project– NETW208 WAN/NETWORK Design Project Project designed by Gary Minardo
Carrie Viles Chuck Hassler January Session Devry University Professor N. Baig The campus
redesign we propose that we use all 3 of the Cisco Catalyst 6500 switches and we allocate one
switch for the design department, one for the Human resources and one for marketing and sales.
This will help optimize and departmentalize the switches for easy access and design simplicity. We
also would like to have each switch connected to 2 routers each, this will help with redundency and
help take care of the issues that the architects, engineers and employees keep reporting slow
response times. To help with internet crashes and speeds we think that the company should ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Key tools utilized, variable length subnet masking and route summarization are explained as well.
Here choosing the appropriate routing protocol is equally critical for a successful design. To
implement different masks for the same major network it is necessary to have a routing protocol that
supports VLSM. Such routing protocols are called classless routing protocols. They carry the mask
information along with the route advertisements therefore allowing for the support of more than one
mask. Several classless routing protocol examples include OSPF, RIP version 2, Cisco 's EIGRP,
BGP and IS–IS. We will deploy VLSM for this project. Use of a Class B address 172.17.0.0 is
required to support a network that entails a total of 200 sites. The busiest LANs may support up to
100 hosts and there is a maximum projected total of 400 point–to–point WAN links. Hence there is a
requirement for 600 subnets with a maximum of 100 hosts on any subnet. Even with a Class B
address there is insufficient address space to meet this requirement without employing VLSM.
When planning a VLSM solution you should start with the shortest mask in other words plan the
subnets that support the most hosts. This is typically the mask that will be used on most or all of the
LAN segments. For our network design we propose using 200 LAN segments each supporting up to
100 hosts. While 7 host bits or a /25 subnet mask would meet this requirement, it is probably neater
in terms of administration

Vpn Exists For Virtual Private Network
Introduction VPN stands for Virtual Private Network. It provides a private network across the public
network (Internet). This allows the user to transmit and receive data to the private network across
Internet, like it is being directly connected to it. VPN has the characteristics of point–to–point and
private link. To resemble a point–to–point link, the data is sent along with the routing information
necessary to reach the destination through the public network. Data is encrypted and only the users
in the network can access the resources in it, which resembles the characteristics of a private
connection. Data sent through the VPN is very secure, as it cannot be deciphered without the
encrypted keys. In VPN, tunnel is the part of the connection where data is encapsulated and VPN
connection is the part of the connection where the data is encrypted. Figure 1: VPN Connectivity
Overview VPN helps users working remotely to connect to the company infrastructure securely.
Although it establishes the connection across the public network, user is not aware of it as it looks
like data is being sent over a dedicated link. VPN connection is like a Wide Area Network (WAN)
between two areas. VPN is commonly used in the following modes, ● Remote Access across public
network – This allows the users to connect to the private network from anywhere. Using this
solution more employees can telecommute. The client connects to the public network first and
initiates a connection with the VPN

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