XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO T. Phoenix - Refrigerants proliferation and classification
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Presentazione del Dott. Thomas Phoenix (Presidente ASHRAE) al XVI Convegno Europeo il 12 giugno 2015 - 1a sessione
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XVI CONVEGNO EUROPEO T. Phoenix - Refrigerants proliferation and classification
- 1. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Refrigerants Proliferation and Classification Tom Phoenix ASHRAE President
- 2. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Refrigerants Are Vital • Used in air conditioning – Vital for personal health, comfort and well-being • Used in refrigeration – Prolong life of perishable food – Keep life-saving medicines safe • Improve – Health, productivity and safety
- 3. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 •Choosing refrigerant becoming more complex •Due to environmental concerns, ozone depleting potential, global warming potential, energy efficiency and life cycle climate performance = important factors •Emphasis on corporate social responsibility led to increased focus on energy efficiency and in some cases, an expressed preference for natural refrigerants. •Safety standards being updated to reflect increasing interest in flammable or mildly flammable working fluids. ASHRAE Position Document on Refrigerants and their Responsible Use Issues
- 4. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 GWP is Important, But …… • Maintaining refrigerant choice – Best refrigerant for each application • Evaluating refrigerant characteristics for informed choices – Balancing efficiency, cost, availability, safety • Making transition predictable, smooth, informed • Educating policy makers and training technicians
- 5. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Refrigerant Safety • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2013, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants • Nomenclature of refrigerants and assigns safety classifications based on toxicity and flammability data • 2013 version - one new single compound refrigerant and 14 new refrigerant blends
- 6. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Standard 34 - Background • First published in 1957 • Provides a simple means of referring to common refrigerants instead of using chemical name, formula or trade name. • Classification of refrigerants according to their potential hazards introduced in 1989 edition • Group classifications include • No flame propagation • Lower flammability • Higher flammability
- 7. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Standard 34 - Background • Current classification scheme (A or B for toxicity; 1, 2 or 3 for flammability) was developed for 1992 edition • Safety classifications and refrigerant concentration limits based on data submitted to ASHRAE by applicants requesting refrigerant designations. • Refrigerants added after thorough review by Standard 34 committee members and three subcommittees (designation and nomenclature, flammability and toxicity)
- 8. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Future of Standard 34 • Under continuous maintenance so change proposal can be proposed at any time • Working to keep standard harmonized with building codes and other standards
- 9. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Research Project • RP1717- Improve Accuracy and Reproducibility of ASTM-E681 Test Method for Flammability Limit Measurements of 2L Flammable Refrigerants
- 10. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Guide for Sustainable Refrigerated Facilities and Refrigeration Systems: Essentials for Developing Countries
- 11. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 Global Refrigerant Management Initiative • Improve management of refrigerants to reduce leak and service emissions • Promote recycling, recovery, reclaiming and end of life destruction of refrigerants
- 12. Latest Technologies in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - XVI European Conference Milano, 12th - 13th June 2015 The Future • Translate science and technology into practical tools and resources to drive efficient and effective building and system design, construction, operation and management
Editor's Notes
- Among the key changes incorporated into the standard are: assignment of designations and safety classifications for one new single compound refrigerant and 14 new refrigerant blends. changed the refrigeration concentration limits (RCL) values of 19 refrigerants listed in the 2010 standard to comply with more current methodology. changed the flammability safety classifications of four refrigerants from Class 2 to Subclass 2L, based on optional burning velocity measurement data. added Toxicity Code Classification assignments for 18 refrigerants that had been unassigned in the 2010 standard. clarified methodology for conducting flammability tests and for determination of fractionated compositions for flammability testing. updated methodology by which the heat of combustion is calculated for refrigerant blends, and provided heat of combustion calculation examples for refrigerant blends. defined requirements that applicants shall provide evidence of the existence of an azeotropic blend, if requesting an R-500 series designation. modified sections of the standard to add bubble-point and dew-point definitions and test conditions, clarified applicant documentation requirements related to GLP compliance and added critical pressure data and specific volume calculation methodology for applicant submissions.