1. Hamburg University Press and Open Access / Gabriele Beger & Isabella Meinecke, Hamburg
University Press
漢堡大學出版社與開放近用 / 蓋布瑞‧柏格 & 伊莎貝拉‧邁涅克, 漢堡大學出版社
The Open Access publisher Hamburg University Press•••••••••
開放近用出版社與漢堡大學出版社
On 22 October 2003, the German research and academic organisations signed the ‘Berlin Declaration
on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities’ with the goal of guaranteeing the
global exchange of knowledge which science and scholarship deserve, by strengthening and supporting
the Open Access movement. The University of Hamburg had already created the Open Access
publisher Hamburg University Press (http://hup.sub.uni-hamburg.de) at the beginning of 2002. After it
had been successfully set up, it was handed over to the Hamburg Carl von Ossietzky State and
University Library (Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Carl von Ossietzky, SUB) for regular operation
on 1 July 2006. This publisher’s goal is to operate online publishing in the spirit of Open Access. In
addition to online publications, other forms of publications (print/crossmedia/CD-ROM) are also
offered. Currently, publications from the humanities are a focal point. This primarily means the
publication of monographs and edited volumes, which have different requirements from journal
articles. The emphasis is on quality (selected publications and formal quality control), and there is
generally a mandatory layout. The Hamburg University Press publishes with the same care and
academic honesty as traditional publishers. It follows the ‘golden road’ of Open Access publishing.
2003 年 10 月 22 日，多個德國的研究與學術機構簽署《柏林宣言: 開放近用科學與人文學知
識》，藉由強化與支持開放近用運動, 保障知識的全球交流。2002 年初成立的漢堡大學出版社
(http://hup.sub.uni-hamburg.de), 本身就是開放近用出版社。營運上軌道後，於 2006 年 7 月 1 日移
交給身兼國立圖書館的漢堡大學卡爾・馮・奧西埃茨基圖書館(Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek
Carl von Ossietzky, SUB)。該出版社的目標是在近用精神下, 經營線上出版業務; 除了線上出版品
之外, 還提供其他形式的出版品(印本、多媒體、光碟)。人文領域出版品是當前的重點, 即出版
與學報論文需要求不同的專書及編輯書刊; 品質是它的重點(選定出版品及正式的品質控制)，一
般來說, 是強制性的規範。漢堡大學出版社的出版品質與正直性, 等同於傳統的出版商, 它也遵循
開放近用出版的'金科'策略。
The rights-model covers contracts with a minimum runtime of three years, and an automatic renewal is
possible. Open Access publishing is obligatory, and creative commons licences for the online version
are guaranteed if requested by the author. All authors have the right to publish their work elsewhere at
the same time. The financing model used is the ‘author pays’ model, with ‘author’ referring not just to
the author but also to his or her institution or funding body. Payment is required exclusively to cover
the cost of services connected to the publication process.
它的授權模式, 至少為三年的合約, 並可能自動續約。開放近用出版是強制性的，作者要求時, 保
證使用創用 CC 授權於線上版本的作品。所有作者都有權同時在其他地方出版其作品。採用'作
者付費'模式，這裡的'作者'還包括其所屬機構及贊助單位。付費的範圍只包括與出版過程有關的
費用。
The Hamburg University Press of the SUB Hamburg is a member of the German Academic Publishers
e.V. (GAP) association, as well as of the working group of German university publishers, both active
supporters of Open Access. Hamburg University Press is present at relevant national and international
events. In particular, it publishes work emanating from the University of Hamburg, the Hamburg state
archive and the Hamburgische Wissenschaftliche Stiftung (Hamburg Academic Foundation). In
addition, it cooperates with other academic publishers, including de Gruyter. The goal of this
cooperation is to share the work involved in order to accommodate the need for a print publication by

2. reputable academic publisher and at the same time for an Open Access publication.
漢堡大學圖書館內的漢堡大學出版社是德國學術出版社公會(GAP)的一員，也是德國大學出版
社工作小組的成員, 這兩個團體都積極支持開放近用。漢堡大學出版社參與國內及國際性的活
動，它的出版工作源自於漢堡大學、漢堡邦檔案館及漢堡學術基金會。此外，它與格魯伊特等
學術出版社合作，共享工作經驗，同時滿足知名學術出版社印本與開放近用出版的需求。
The free availability of academic content is the prerequisite for effective and efficient research. In this
spirit, all of the large German academic and research institutions have committed themselves to Open
Access in the Berlin Declaration. Established publishers are also becoming increasingly open to the
changing needs of science, be it through their own Open Access services (Springer), through relaxing
the contracts they have with authors (‘green road’) or through cooperating with university institutions.
While Open Access is recognised at the academic policy-making level, it is still not used much by
scientists and scholars, particularly those working in the humanities.
自由近用的學術內容是研究有效果及效率的前提，本此精神, 德國的大型學術和研究機構都致力
實踐柏林宣言裡的開放近用。施普林格之類歷史悠久的出版社, 藉由鬆綁合約(玉律), 或與大學
機構合作, 配合科學需求的變化, 逐步開放。學術決策階層對開放近用已有相當認知, 但科學家及
學者仍不習慣此模式, 尤其是人文學者更不瞭解。
Challenges for the Hamburg University Press and an outlook •
漢堡大學出版社的挑戰與願景
Hamburg University Press will provide a practical demonstration of the advantages of Open Access
publishing to academics on location.
漢堡大學出版社將提供一個實際的範例，呈現開放近用出版對在地學者的優勢。
This primarily means the realisation of and the publicity for successful and attractive pilot projects.
Finding strong (cooperative) partners such as other publishers, academic institutions and libraries in
order to create synergies is also important. Furthermore, a transparent and respectable business model
is crucial.
主要的方法是實現和宣傳成功和有吸引力的試點計畫。尋找強而有力的(合作)夥伴也很重要，
包括出版社、學術機構和圖書館，發揮協同的作用。此外，透明和相當的商業模式至關重要。
The name of a university publisher is automatically associated with traditional publishing. University
publishers have to get the message across that they are facing the challenges of the digital age even
though they come from a long, and, when it comes to quality, binding tradition. It is their task to live up
to scientific demands with regard to sustainability and visibility. In this context, it is clear that their
ideal place is with academic libraries. University publishers act locally, but they have their sights set on
global ideas and strategies to make the work of scientists and scholars globally and publicly accessible
and visible, primarily through electronic publishing. Through their proximity to academia, they share in
innovative projects and forms of publication. In this way they are also an ideal field for experimenting
with cooperation and future-oriented academic publishing.
大學出版社本身與傳統出版有關，即使已有悠久的歷史, 良好的聲譽, 仍需面對數位時代的挑
戰。從永續性與知名度來看, 滿足科學的需求, 就是大學出版社的任務, 在此背景下，學術圖書館
就是大學出版社的理想落腳處。雖然, 大學出版社處理在地行動，但他們的目標定在全球的創意
及戰略，使科學家與學者的作品, 很以透過電子出版, 被全球近用及曝光。通過他們接近學術
界，分享創新的計畫和各種形式的出版品。這樣，也是理想的場域, 實驗合作與面向未來的學術
出版。
p. 97-98

3. Open Access: Opportunities and challenges. A handbook [開放近用 : 機會及挑戰] / European
Commission, German Commission for UNESCO. -- Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of
the European Communities, 2008. -- 144 p., 14.8 x 21.0 cm. -- ISBN 978-92-79-06665-8. -- EUR
23459, http://tinyurl.com/3q8wo5