LSD is a viral disease of cattle characterized by an appearance of skin nodules covering all parts of body with generalized lymphadenopathy.

1. LUMPY SKIN DISEASE
Date:2020/8/4
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease characterized by nodules on the skin and covering
all parts of the body with generalized lymphadenopathy. It result in great economic loss due to
damage of the skin, reduced milk yield, mastitis, lowered fertility, abortion and sometimes death
due to secondary bacterial infection.
LSD was first reported in zimbia in 1929, and it subsequently spread to south Africa to Egypt to
india and now first time seen in Nepal. LSD is not Zoonotic.
ETIOLOGY:
The caused of this disease is related to sheep pox and goat pox of family pox viridae. Genus
capripoxvirus. And have a double standard DNA genome. LSD appear epidemically or
sporadically. Its incident is highest in wet summer weather, but it may occur in winter.
SPREAD:
LSD is transmitted through direct contact between infected and non infected animal. The
principle means of transmission is believed to be arthropod vector. Through no specific vector
has been identified to date. Mosquitoes, biting flies, and ticks could play a significant role in
transmission of this virus.
Cattle of all breed, including wild animal are susceptible.
Fig:1. Mosquito fig:2. Biting flies fig:3. Tick

2. CLINICAL SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:
LSD sign can be sub clinical or clinical. Incubation period is 4 to 14 days. Mortality is usually
low and morbidity is 5 to 50 %.
Clinical sign include, fever, pneumonia, skin nodules, that’s cover entire animal body, nodule are
round, raised and painful, nodules contain a frim, creamy gray or yellow mass tissue. And they
involved in the cutaneous skin. Nodules either regress or necrosis of the skin result in hard,
raised area clearly separated from surrounding skin.
Nodules are also present in genital tract, muzzle, nasal cavity, udder, teats, respiratory tract.
Edema develops on the leg and brisket region with lameness and regional lymphnode become
enlarged, and secondary infection occurs.
Fig:4. Cattle presenting clinical signs of lumpy skin disease (LSD). Characteristic large firm skin nodules
were distributed all over the body.
DIAGNOSIS:
Clinical sign, history, PCR test is also done for diagnosis of this disease. The diagnosis may be
confusing with pseudo lumpy skin disease which is caused by herpes virus. There are other
disease which is confusing with LSD are cutaneous tuberculosis, insect or ticks bite,
papillomatosis, demodecosis etc… but differentiation depends essentially on isolation and
identification of virus.
Dermatophilus congolensis also caused skin nodules in cattle.

3. TREATMENT AND PREVENTION:
There is no specific treatment for this disease. The only treatment available is supportive care of
cattle. Administration of antibiotics to control secondary infection and good nursing care are
recommended. Vaccination is the most promising method of control.
Movement control (quarantine), management strageties. Sick animal should be kept well apart
from the rest of herd and most not share drinking or feeding troughs. Animal older than 6 month
must be vaccinated against LSDV. It is safe to vaccinate pregnant cattle. All animal must be
vaccinated once a year.