Zinc, the 2nd most abundant trace micro nutrient Almost 40 to 50% vulnerable group are zinc deficient Strategies like diet diversification, fortification and supplementation are helpful in alleviating deficiency

1. 1

2. 2
Makkia Saleem
2011-ag-4214
M.Sc. (Hons.)
(HND) 2nd Semester
NIFSAT 2

3. Role in human health
Deficiency: Global & local scenario
Prevention
Diet diversification
Conclusion
3

4.  Trace micronutrient
 2nd most abundant
 Don’t store in body
(Motta et al., 2011) 4

5. Immune
Function
Protein
Synthesis
Gene
Expression
Cell
Division
Metabolism
(Prasad, 2013)
Cognition
Development
5
ROLE

6. Age Male Female Pregnancy Lactation
0–6 months 2 mg 2 mg
7–12 months 3 mg 3 mg
1–3 years 3 mg 3 mg
4–8 years 5 mg 5 mg
9–13 years 8 mg 8 mg
14–18 years 11 mg 9 mg 12 mg 13 mg
19+ years 11 mg 8 mg 11 mg 12 mg
(NIH, 2016) 6

7. Importance of zinc in human is illustrated by the effects
of zinc deficiency
(Prasad, 2013) 7

8. Impaired cognition
Depression
Acne/ thin hair
Diarrhea
Anorexia
Low immunity
Poor growth
Mal Digestion
Infertility
(Prasad, 2013) 8

9. Global
 17.3% is at risk of inadequate zinc intake
Pakistan
 41.3% of non-pregnant women
 47.6% of pregnant women
 39.2% of children
(GOP, 2011; Wessells et al., 2012) 9

10. Non-pregnant women Children under 5 years of age
Deficient
Deficient
Deficient
Deficient
Non-Deficient
Non-Deficient
NNS 2001
NNS 2011
(GOP, 2011) 10

11.  Inadequate intake
 Increased requirements
 Malabsorption
 Increased losses
(Roohani et al., 2013) 11

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13.  Dietary diversification
 Supplementation
 Fortification
 Bio-fortification
(Shrimpton et al., 2013)1
3

14. Oyster
Chicken
Beef
Milk Cashews
Beans
Pea
Sunflower
seeds
Chickpeas
(USDA-NAL, 2016) 14

15. 15(Rosalind et al., 2009)

16.  Agricultural interventions
 Production and promotion of animal source foods
 Processing strategies
16(Rosalind et al., 2009)

17. Refers to the fraction of intake, that absorbed into blood
and used for physiologic functions of body
Factors
 Individual's zinc status
 Total zinc content of the diet
 Availability of soluble zinc
17(Shrimpton et al., 2013)

18. Inhibitors
 Phytic acid
 Calcium
 Inorganic iron
Enhancers
 Proteins
 Vitamin A
18(Shrimpton et al., 2013)

19. Antibiotics
Quinolone
Tetracycline
Penicillamine
19(Shrimpton et al., 2013)

20. 20(Rosalind et al., 2009)

21. 21(Rosalind et al., 2009)

22.  Zinc, the 2nd most abundant trace micronutrient
 Almost 40 to 50% vulnerable group are zinc
deficient
 Strategies like diet diversification, fortification and
supplementation are helpful in alleviating
deficiency
22

23. “Diversified your food choice”
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24.  GOP (Government of Pakistan). 2011. National Nutrition Survey
Pakistan. Nutrition Wing, Cabinet Division, Government of
Pakistan.
 Motta, D.D. and R. Dingledine. 2011. Unraveling the role of zinc
in memory. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 108:3103-3104.
 NIH (National Institute of Health). 2016. Zinc. Available at:
https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/.
Accessed on: March 15th, 2016.
 Prasad, A.S. 2013. Discovery of human zinc deficiency: its impact
on human health and disease. Adv. Nutri. 4:176-190.
24

25.  Roohani, N., R. Hurrell, R. Kelishadi and R. Schulin. 2013. Zinc
and its importance for human health: An integrative review. J.
Res. Med. Sci. 18:144-157.
 Rosalind S., Gibson and V.P. Anderson. 2009. A review of
interventions based on dietary diversification or modification
strategies with the potential to enhance intakes of total and
absorbable zinc. Food Nutri. Bul. 30:108-143.
 Shrimpton, R., R. Gross, I.D. Hill and M. Young. 2005. Zinc
deficiency: What are the most appropriate interventions?. BMJ.
330:347-349.
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26.  USDA-NAL (United State Department of Agriculture-National
Agriculture Library). 2016. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin
A, vitamin K, arsenic, boron, chromium, copper, iodine, iron,
manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, vanadium, and zinc.
Available at: https://fnic.nal.usda.gov/dietary-guidance/dri-
nutrient-reports/vitamin-vitamin-k-arsenic-boron-chromium-
copper-iodine-iron. Accessed on: March 15th, 2016.
 Wessells, K.R., G.M. Singh and K.H. Brown. 2012. Estimating
the global prevalence of inadequate zinc intake from national
food balance sheets: effects of methodological assumptions. PLoS
ONE. 7:1-13.
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