Modern philosophies in education

1. Philosophical Foundations
(Modern Philosophies)

2. Contents
• Progressivism
• Reconstructionalism
• Experimentalism
• Existentionalism
• perennialism

3. Progressivism
• Progressivism is a modern philosophy. It is developed from pragmatism. It
is also known as progressive education. Progressivism philosophy focuses
that all learning should revolves around the child’s interest and needs.
• Progressivists believe that individuality, progress, and change are
fundamental to one’s education. Believing that people learn best from
what they consider most relevant to their lives, progressivists center their
curricula on the needs, experiences, interests, and abilities of students.

4. Progressivism
• Chief Exponents
• Jane Adams
• George Counts
• William James
• William O. Stanely

5. Progressivism and Aims of Education
• They want to keep students more active.
• Give students practical knowledge.
• Promote cultural values.
• Promote democratic social living.

6. Progressivism and Process of Teaching
• Student
• Teacher

7. Progressivism and Process of Teaching
• Student
• This philology gives more importance to students in teaching learning
process.
• Students are active participants.
• According to progressivism, education is for students; they are not for
education

8. Progressivism and Process of Teaching
• Teacher
• The role of teacher is like a guide and counsellor.
• He motivates the students to know the value of
different things.
• He offers his services when students need.

9. Progressivism and Curriculum
• The progressivism curriculum is child centered

10. Progressivism and Teaching Methods
• Problem-solving method
• Experimental method
• Discussion method
• Project method
• Field trips

11. Reconstructionism
• In 1920, John Dewey suggested the term “reconstructionism” in the
title of his book, “Reconstruction in Philosophy”. The educational
philosophy of reconstructionism believes that the present social
system should be changed and improve human conditions.

12. Principles of Reconctructionalism:
• It has two major principles:
• There is a need to reconstruct or change the society
• Social change need reconstruction of education and the use of
education in reconstructing society.

13. Reconstructionlism and Aims of Education
• It has following aims:
• The change should be promoted to make individuals and society
better.
• In order to make a better society schools should focus on curriculum,
administrative and instructional practices.

14. Reconstructionlism and Educational Process
• Teacher
• Curriculum
• Teaching Methods

15. Teacher
• Teacher is an active member of society.
• He takes interest in social problems.
• He is knowledgeable.
• His duty is to take part in the development of society.
• He is responsible to make the students useful citizens of state.
• He provides opportunities to students to discuss different national problems.

16. Curriculum
• The curriculum is concerned with society.
• Its basic aim is to aware students about the problems of the society.
• It gives more importance on social sciences, history, economics,
psychology and political science.

17. Teaching Methods
• Problem-solving method
• Discussion method
• Project method

18. Reconstructionlism and Student
• The student takes interest in social and political affairs.
• He take parts in school activities and outside the school activities.
• He does not like social evils and injustice.
• He tries to control and solve these problems.
• He scarifies his desires for the society.
• He struggles for the development of the society.
• He considers education as a tool of social change.

19. Experimentalism
• Experimentalism is associated with experiment. John Dewey is the
father of modern Experimental Education. It gives importance to
actions. Life is a laboratory and all individuals are experimenting.

20. Curriculum
• It should be according to the interest of the students.
• It is activity centered curriculum.
• Creation of new subjects.
• Practical knowledge is more than theoretical knowledge.
• Subjects such as Medicine, Geography, Physics, Chemistry are
included.

21. Teachers Role
• Teacher is a guide.
• He offers suggestions and encourages the students.
• Students are actively involved.
• Proper communication between teacher and students should be
maintained.

22. Teaching Methods
• Brainstorming methods
• Innovatory method
• Learning by doing
• Project method
• Scientific method

23. Existentialism:
• Existentialism is the philosophical movement that views human
existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics,
such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and
consciousness of existing, that are primary. That is, they cannot be
reduced to or explained by a natural-scientific approach or any
approach that attempts to detach itself from or rise above these
themes.

24. Existentialism:
lt is mainly European philosophy that originated years before the turn
of the century but became popular after World War
• _ Exponents:
• Maxine Greene.
• George Keller.
• Van Cleve Morris.

25. Concepts of existentialism:
According to existentialist philosophy, people are thrust into a number of
choice making situations.
A person creates his or her own definition
and in doing so makes his or her own.
Essence.
We are what we choose to be
The essence we create is a product of our choices, it may vary with
individuals.

26. Existentialism and education:
Existentialism believes that the most important kind of knowledge is
about human condition and the choices that each person has to make.
Education is a process of developing
consciousness about the freedom to choose and
the meaning of and responsibility for one’s choices.

27. Existentialism and curriculum:
The curriculum would avoid systematic knowledge on structured
discipline and students are free to select from many available learning
situations.

28. Existentialism and teacher:
Teacher cultivates personal choice and individual self-definition

29. Existentialism and method of teaching:
Experimentation
Self-expressive activities
Method and media that illustrates emotions
feelings and insight.

30. Perennialism:
PERENNIALISM
o Perennialism is the oldest and conservative educational philosophy, is rooted in realism.
O Concept of Perennialism
• Perennialism relies on the past.
• Universal knowledge and cherished values of society. A view of the unchanging nature of
the universe, human
nature, truth, knowledge, virtue, beauty and so on.

31. PERENNIALISM AND EDUCATION:
o As Robert Hutchins, a long time advocate of perennialism noted:
“The function of man as man is the same in every society.”
The aim of the educational system is the same in
every age and in every society where such system
can exist, it is to improve man.

32. PERENNIALISM AND CURRICULUM:
It draws heavily on defined disciplines or logically organized bodies of
content- what proponents call ‘liberal education’, with emphasis on
language, literature, mathematics, arts, and science.

33. PERENNIALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION:
To develop the rational person and to uncover universal truth by
carefully training the intellect. O Character training is also important as
a means of developing one’s moral and spiritual being.

34. PERENNIALISM AND TEACHER :
An authority in the field whose knowledge is unquestionable. A master
of the subject and discipline and must be able to guide discussion

35. PERENNIALISM AND METHOD OF TEACHING
•
• o Socratic method: oral exposition, lecture and explication.