Blood cancer ppt, for bsc nursing, msc nursing , assignment on leukaemia

1. LEUKAEMIA
DEFINITION
TYPES
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS
DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
MANEGMENT
COMPLICATION
NURSING MANAGEMENT
NURSING DIAGNOSIS

2. DEFINITION:-
1. A malignant disorder of blood forming organ (spleen,
lymphatic system and bone marrow) characterized by an
abnormal increase number of white blood cells called blasts.
2. It is a cancer of blood cells which starts in the bone marrow
where blood cells are made.

3. ETIOLOGY/RISK FACTORS:-
1. Unknown factors
2. Environmental factors (exposure to radiation)
3. Infectious agent (retrovirus)

4. Cont...
1. Hereditary aspects
2. Family occurrence
3. Chromosomal abnormalities easy down syndrome
4. Chemotherapy to treat another cancer
5. Tobacco chewing.

5. SIGN/SYMPTOMS:-
 Early stage may be asymptomatic
 Later stage:
1. Anaemia
2. Thrombocytopenia
3. Fever and night sweats
4. Fatigue
5. Headache
6. Disorientation

6. Cont.....
1. Gum disorders (brushing and bleeding easily)
2. Epitaxis
3. Pain in the bone and joints
4. Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit, neck and groin.
5. Feeling of abdominal fullness due to
hepatosplenomegaly
6. Hyperuricemia
7. Neutropenia

7. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:-
1. CBC (Show increase WBC and decreased other cells).
2. Bone marrow biopsy.

8. COMPLICATIONS:-
1.Hepatosplenomegaly
2.Haemorrhage.

9. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-
1. Chemotherapy is use, e.g., chlorambucil,
cyclophosphamide, Prednisolone.
2. Radiation therapy
3. Stem cell transplantation: stem cell can rebuild supply
of normal blood cells and boost patients immune
system.

10. NURSING MANEGMENT:-
1. Always use aseptic technique to reduce chance of
infection.
2. Monitor the platelet count.
3. Avoid mucosal and epithelial damage.
4. Observe the side effect of Chemotherapy.
5. Avoid urinary catheterization.
6. Avoid Rectal infection.
7. Prevent bleeding.

11. Cont....
1.Avoid urinary catheterization.
2.Avoid Rectal infection.
3.Prevent bleeding.
4.Give analgesics to avoid pain.
5.Give oral hygiene.
6.Encourage nutritional diet to patient.