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1. Changes of Theoretical and Experimental Pharmacology Teaching in Xi’an Zang Wei-jin Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University

2. Changes of Theoretical and Experimental Pharmacology Teaching In 21 st century, teaching of pharmacology faces new challenges, which including the direct consequence of the success of drug discovery with endless increase of scientific information. It is very important to convey the importance of “past-modern” pharmacological knowledge to our students. Therefore, changes have to be made to fit the new knowledge, new attitudes and new tools. Here, we report some innovative changes of theoretical and experimental pharmacology teaching during last few years in our university.

5. Xi’an Jiaotong University tower path Xi’an Jiaotong University was established in year 1896 . It has developed into a university that has the feature of science and engineering and covers 9 subjects such as science, engineering, medicine, economics, management, art and law. It has become an important base that is the integration of talents training, scientific research and social services and propels the social development.

6. School of Medicine Xi'an Jiao Tong University was formed by the combination of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Shaanxi Finance and Economics College and Xi’an Medical University ( founded in 1937 ) in April 2000. The School of Medicine has more than 400 teachers and faculty including 110 professors and associate professors. School of medicine also consisted of three teaching Hospitals, including more than 3000 doctors and nurses.

7. School of Medicine With advanced facilities and instruments, the School of Medicine has a great strength in scientific research. The newly set up medical experimentation center, medical information center and the animal experimentation center guarantee a high standard and high quality of work for scientific research.

8. School of Medicine Morphology Center Anatomy Center Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Center Research Center Pathogenic Biology Center Physiology & Pharmacology Center Medical Experimentation center

9. Department of Pharmacology The Whole Department Staff The proportion of teachers experiencing overseas study is 53% . Professor 5 Associate professor 5 Lecturer 8 Experimenter 3

10. Pharmacology Teaching Mission of Teaching Specialties Term Clinical Medicine 5-year courses Clinical Medicine 7-year courses Oral Medicine 5-year courses High Nursing 5-year courses Pharmacy 4-year courses Pharmaceutical Engineering 4-year courses Clinical Medicine courses of foreign students

11. Pharmacology Teaching Experimental Pharmacology Teaching Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching Pharmacology Teaching

13. Changes in Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching To use multi-media computer-assisted instruction To adopt heuristic/ Mutual teaching Teaching training To emphasize the “ bridge” character of pharmacology Discussion in Groups

14. Changes of Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching Pharmacology is a discipline as a bridge , not only to connect pharmacy with medicine, but also to link foundational medicine to clinical medicine. In the same time, we tried to harmonize the new sciences with the “old’ pharmacology . Drugs, regardless of their origin time, should be understood how they work and how to be used.

15. Pharmacology Teaching The “Bridge” Character Pharmacology Foundational Medicine Pharmacy Research of Drugs Clinical Medicine Medicine Manufacture of Drugs

16. Changes in Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching We emphasize the integration of the cross among subjects and the development of the subject . 1 required course 4 selective courses Pharmacology Mathematic Pharmacology Clinical Pharmacology Pharmacological Progress New Drug Research Courses 1+4

17. Changes in Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching Using new teaching skills: To use multi-media computer-assisted instruction . More and more multi-media computer-assisted instructions (MCAI ) are applying in our teaching. We have received good result through this skill which fully utilizes such forms as color, sound, cartoon, figure, etc., to express the content as a intuitionist, novel, vivid way.

18. Changes in Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching Using new teaching skills: To adopt heuristic teaching to excite students’ learning interest. Considering pharmacology teaching involving a wide range of knowledge, we usually introduce some relevant background knowledge to excite students' interest at first, and then teach the usage of medicine.

19. Pharmacology Teaching Study in different ways Undergraduate Students Study by Cooperating Study by Discussing Study by Researching

20. Changes in Theoretical Pharmacology Teaching Pharmacology has already been listed in the bilingual teaching category in our school. We pay attention to teachers’ English training , especially to improve their oral English. We also study and discuss pharmacology teaching methods designedly and purposefully.

22. Changes in Experimental Pharmacology Teaching designing functional experiments foundational and comprehensive functional experiments basic skills training The experiment course is divided 3 stages 1 st stage 2 nd stage 3 rd stage

23. Changes in Experimental Pharmacology Teaching To form a course of functional experiment To participate design and research of experiments on special topic 1 2 3 To combine production, study and research together 4 To learn in practice such as visiting on the spot

25. 1988-2000 680 students Choose functional experimental class; design 596 experiments and finished 176. 2001-2005 1300 students Choose functional experimental class; design 623 experiments and finished 155. What I had remembered most during my 5 years studies in medical school was functional experimental class. I really enjoyed the experimental design. ----From graduated students

26. Results of the Teaching Innovation Appreciation from the Students 76.7 72.1 67.3 53.5 0 20 40 60 80 100 Bringing new ideas ↑ Manipulating abilities ↑ Scientific thinking faculties ↑ General abilities ↑

27. Results of the Teaching Innovation The teaching innovation item of functional experiment has won the second prize of national teaching award.

28. Results of the Teaching Innovation Appreciation from Other Universities Results of the teaching innovation in XJTU brought new idea to combine the teaching process of basic skills training together with research ability training. … …

29. Summary After innovative changes of theoretical and experimental pharmacology teaching during last few years in our university, more and more students are interested in the course . Students believe that learning functional experiment course facilitates them to the study of other relevant theoretical courses, and improves their abilities of operating by hands and using knowledge comprehensively, and fosters their innovative consciousness and scientific thinking ability.

30. Thank You !