Discrimination Is A Problem Since The Beginning Of Time

Discrimination Is A Problem Since The Beginning Of Time
Discrimination has been a problem since the beginning of time. Discrimination is mentioned in
many pieces of classical literature such as Shakespeare's Othello. In this classical play the main
character Othello is never truly accepted into the Venetian society because he is a Moor from
Northern Africa. His skin color caused people to view him differently and also presented problems
when he tried to find a wife. After he eventually found and married Desdemona her father Brabantio
still did not approve of him; he said "She, in spite of nature, Of years, of country, credit, everything,
To fall in love with what she feared to look on! It is a judgment maimed and most imperfect That
will confess perfection so could err Against all rules of nature" (Act I, Scene 3). Brabantio saw this
love as unnatural because he believes Desdemona would never fall in love with a black man who
she was afraid to look upon. Before Othello married Desdemona Brabantio saw him as an honorable
leader and great man, but after their marriage he accuses him of black magic and urges their
marriage to be annulled by the Duke. This discrimination led to Othello's doubt and self–conscience
attitude which, ultimately leads to his demise at the end of the play. Discrimination continues to
exist today as it did 400 years ago in Shakespeare's time. Today people are still discriminated against
and persecuted because of their race or their religious views. The problem of racial discrimination
was increasingly
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George Stephenson: Industrial Era Inventor
George Stephenson was an Industrial Era Inventor who has an interesting childhood and invented a
useful thing, the railroad. George Stephenson was the inventor of the locomotive. He was born June
9, 1781, at Wylam, Northumberland. His father, Robert Stephenson, was an engineman at a coal
mine. George worked there also and learned how to read and write in his free time. He worked in
multiple mines in the northeast part of England and Scotland. He also gained a reputation for
organizing the steam engines being used in the coal mines. George married Frances Henderson and
moved to Willington Quay. Their son, Robert, was born in 1803 and they moved to West Moor and
lived in a cottage. He also made shoes and mended clocks to make more money. The ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
George also made a skew arch bridge in 1830. From 1838 to 1848 were the busiest years for
George. Lots of railway promoters kept on asking him if he could build a railway for them. Most of
the railways used were from George's locomotive stores and factories. The very first American
railroad builders came to George Stephenson to learn from him in Newcastle. George worked with
another railroad engineer named Joseph Locke on one railroad. George and Joseph each worked on
half of the railroad. The railroad's name was The Grand Junction Railway. They only worked one
railroad because George Stephenson's estimates were better than Joseph Locke's estimates. George
and Joseph were in a feud because the railroad committee didn't like Joseph's estimates, but they
liked George's. Their feud never healed. Even though George lost some routes to other railroad
people, he was still offered way too much than he could handle and didn't accept a lot of it. George
worked on the North Midland railroad that connected Derby and Leeds, York and North Midland
railroad that connected Normanton to York, Birmingham and Derby, and Sheffield and Rotherham
railroad. Stephenson turned into a consoling name as opposed to a forefront specialized counsel. He
was the primary president of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers on its arrangement in 1847. At
this point he had sunk into

Othello: A Covert Discussion on Racism Essay
The issue of race is one filled with controversy and passion, even today in the twenty–first centaury.
In today's day and age it is more shuttle and underground then it was in its most recent 'hay–day'. In
our time today we see it as more of a shameful, offensive and intolerant thing, but it was the norm in
the early 15th and 16th century. Today those people that are outwardly racist are seen as outcasts. In
this essay I will tempt to show how even though it was the norm in Victorian England, Shakespeare
already had another mind set, and was trying in this creative way that the mind set of the people was
not correct even for that time. How and why did Shakespeare purposely portray Othello the Moor as
a tragic hero, like Hamlet or King ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Only Spanish vessels were legally allowed to trade at these ports, but the local land owners cared
little for such formalities. Hawkins had slaves and cloth that the Spanish colonists needed. In 1567
Spanish treasure ships caught up with Hawkins and destroyed his small fleet" (Andrews Vol. 3, 116)
This play may have been inspired by the visit to Elizabeth's court by the Moorish ambassador from
the King of Barbary, whom Shakespeare would have witnessed when performing at court with the
Chamberlain's Men during Christmas time 1601. "The African slaves were brought in by force and
then removed also by force when Queen Elizabeth issued a proclamation for the transportation of all
"Negroes and blackamoors" out of England" (Damrosch & Dettmar 1273). From ancient and
medieval lore, black was the representation of everything demonic. Therefore when they begin
bringing in captured slaves from north Africa they were naturally some what afraid of them.
Travelers would also bring back stories of monstrous creatures, which would practice cannibalism,
and sexual orgies. In their minds this was all associated with the blackness of their skin. "Thomas
Wright's The Passions of the Minde also associates the color black (in any dark complexion with
sexuality; The redde is wise, The browne trustie The pale peevish The blacke lustie" (Vaughan 52).
So what is Othello actually about? On a quiet night in Venice, Iago, ensign to the Moorish

Essay on The Variety of Themes in Othello
The Variety of Themes in Othello
In the Shakespearean tragedy Othello the number and description of themes is open to discussion.
With the help of literary critics, we can analyze this subject in detail.
In the essay "Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello" Robert B. Heilman discusses the ancient's
instinctive reaction to the love–theme of the play:
Before coming directly to the forming of the love–theme that differentiates Othello from other
Shakespeare plays that utilize the same theme, I turn arbitrarily to Iago to inspect a distinguishing
mark of his of which the relevance to thematic form in the play will appear a little later. When Iago
with unperceived scoffing reminds Roderigo, who is drawn ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hardly. Campbell categorizes Othello as a "study in jealousy":
Othello has suffered less in its modern interpretation than any other of Shakespeare's tragedies, it
would seem. So insistently did Shakespeare keep this tragedy unified about the theme of jealousy
and the central victims of the passion, so obviously did he mould his plot about the black Moor and
the cunning Iago and the victims of their jealousy that no interpreter has been able to ignore the
obvious intention of the author. Yet if we study the contemporary interpretations of the passion here
portrayed, we find that Shakespeare was following in detail a broader and more significant analysis
of the passion than has in modern days been understood. The play is, however, clearly a study in
jealousy and in jealousy as it affects those of different races. (148)
Can we narrow down the concept of jealousy in this play to a specific type? Helen Gardner in
"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune" sees this play as a study in sexual jealousy:
Othello is not a study in pride, egoism, or self–deception: its subject is sexual jealousy, loss of faith
in a form which involves the whole personality at the profound point where body meets spirit. The
solution which Othello cannot accept is Iago's: 'Put up with it.' This is as impossible as that Hamlet
should, like Claudius, behave as if the past were done with and only the present mattered. . . . (144)
Of course, jealousy

Slingsby Castle In Ethiopia
This walk follows the northern edge of the Howardian Hills, visiting three of the Street Parishes.
During the return along the Centenary Way, there are superb views across the Vale of Pickering to
the North York Moors.
The Street Parishes incorporate the villages adjacent to the old Roman road known as 'The Street',
which led from Malton to Hovingham and ultimately to Boroughbridge. Christianity reached this
area in the eighth century AD, and since that time the Christian faith has endured here, with a church
in every village.
Slingsby's impressive All Saints Church, rebuilt in 1869, retains a few fragments of the earlier
mediaeval church, including some rather unusual open backed pews and a seventeenth–century altar.
Hanging in the nave is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, in 1349 the Black Death reached Barton, killing off most of the occupants. The few survivors
abandoned the village and fled to the larger towns.
Next, Appleton–le–Street, where the imposing All Saints Church stands on an elevated green mound
overlooking the Vale of Pickering. A pagan temple may also have existed on the site which adjoins a
Roman burial ground. The church, dating from at least 1030, once belonged to St Alban's Abbey in
Hertfordshire. However, after the Second Act of Dissolution in 1539, the benefice reverted to the
Crown, before passing into private ownership in the eighteenth century. The oldest part of the
church is the Saxon tower, constructed in three stages; the lower two between 1000–1050; the top
stage being added by the Normans.
From the churchyard, a quiet enclosed lane leads uphill to Coneythorpe Banks. Along the way, we
pass some forsaken old farm machinery concealed in the

Essay on The Moor in the Works of William Shakespeare
The Sources and Representations of the Moor in the Works of Shakespeare
One theme consistently reemployed throughout Shakespeare's plays is that of the Other. The Other
is usually characterized as a character that is somehow separated, stigmatized, or noted as being
different from the mainstream ideal. For the Elizabethan England of Shakespeare's time, it may have
been a self–defensive maneuver against the encroachment of something which threatened too close
to home (Bartels 450). Bryant lists several methods used to employ this convention of the Other:
race such as that of Shylock and Aaron, nationality as in Iachimo, bastardy such as the characters
Don John and Edmund, social status such as that belonging to Iago, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Whether the term Moor had a definition of white or black, of pagan or Muslim religion, or area of
origin seems to be interchangeable when one notes the differences between Shakespeare's four
characters. Sources of the Elizabethan image of the Moor most likely came from sources such as
classical descriptions, actual encounters, travel narratives, and literary conventions (Bartels 433).
Why is the Moor prevalent during Shakespeare's time? What was the importance of or the sources
for this new Other in English literature? Shakespeare uses the Moor as being characterized in
several ways and used for varied dramatic purposes. In order to have a full understanding of the
Moorish character in Shakespeare's works, one must look to history's relations and depictions of the
Moor and how it influenced Shakespeare.
Moors were characterized in Elizabethan England as being alternately or even simultaneously noble
or monstrous, civil or savage. Being a different race meant, primarily, being an Other, non–English,
as well as non–Christian (Braxton 8). The term Moor, as I have noted before, was fairly vague in
definition. Bartels points out that in common usage, the word was used many times interchangeably
with "similarly ambiguous terms as 'African,' 'Ethiopian,' 'Negro,' and even 'Indian'"

Reading Key
CHAPTER 1: THREE OLD WORLDS CREATE A NEW, 1492–1600
GUIDED READING QUESTIONS
57 terms
Introduction
Know: Old World, New World
Are the terms old world and new world biased?
Old World :
Europeans fleeing poverty & religious persecution.
New World:
North America 1. What conditions existed in what is today the United States that made it "fertile
ground" for a great nation?
Abundant natural resources
Prior inhabitance & cultivation of the land by the Native Americans
The Shaping of North America
Know:
Great Basin: Lake Bonneville covering most of Idaho & Utah today–it drained into the Pacific–
drained the west through the Snake River & Columbia River system. Lake Bonneville's beaches are
visible 1,000 ft. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most were professional soldiers & sailors. The rest were peasants ans artisans.
Treaty of Tordesillas: 1494 Treaty to discovery of Columbus dividing land b/t Spain and Portugal.
Most of the land went to Spain, but Portugal got more land in Africa.
Vasco Nunez Balboa: Spanish discoverer of Pacific Ocean of Pananma 1513 & claimed washed by
that sea.
Ferdinand Magellan: Sailed around the world

Juan Ponce de Leon: Sailed to FL
Francisco Coronado: From Mexico east through AZ & NM. He encountered the Pueblos
Hernando de Soto: From the East crossed the Mississippi. Particularly brutal to Native Am.
Francisco Pizarro: Destroyed the Incas in 1532.
Encomienda: Basically enslavement of the natives in return for conversion to Christianity
9. Were the conquistadors great men? Explain.
They were great at destroying the existence of native societies of the Americas
Makers of America: The Spanish Conquistadors
Know:
Granada: Moorish stronghold in Spain (city) 1492 it fell to the Spanish after a 10 year siege. For 500
years the Christian kingdoms of Spain had been attempting to rid the area of the North African
Muslims
Moors: North African Muslims
"Reconquista": Ended as a result of Moorish defeat....... The religious zealotry & intolerance of the
Spanish was now

Essay about Jealousy in Shakespeare's Othello
Jealousy in Shakespeare's Othello
Othello features jealousy as the dominant motive for action and therefore just as reflected in real life
we bare witness to jealousy influencing the characters of Iago, Brabantio, Roderigo, and Othello. In
this essay I shall be attempting to examine this theme in depth drawing comparison between
jealousy and the consequential action.
The dominance of jealousy as the chief causative force of action in the drama is very obvious to
most critics. In William Shakespeare: The Tragedies, Paul A. Jorgensen exposes the main motivation
in the story:
In 'roundest' terms, Othello is a story of raging sexual jealousy prompted apparently by the least
credible of motives. Othello has eloped with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(59)
Act 1 Scene 1 opens with an expression of jealousy: Roderigo is upbraiding Iago because of the
elopement of the object of his affections ?Desdemona –– with the Moor:
?Thou told?st me thou didst hold him in thy hate.?
Iago responds with an expression of jealousy, saying that he does indeed hate the general because he
?Nonsuits my mediators; for, ?Certes,? says he,
?I have already chose my officer.??
With both Roderigo and the ancient spurred on by jealousy, they storm the home of the senator,
Brabantio, and father of Desdemona in a vain effort to have him recover the missing girl. Brabantio
is very jealous of the man who has stolen his daughter because she has been his only companion and
help in the home:
?And what?s to come of my despised time
Is naught but bitterness.?

At the head of his mob, the senator accuses the general of having ?enchanted her? with his sorcery,
and accompanies him to the duke and council. After Othello admits
?That I have ta?en away this old man?s daughter,?
Desdemona confesses that ?here?s my husband,? and these testimonies seem to satisfy the Duke and
council. Consider that we have experienced three serious acts of jealousy in the first three scenes of
the play, as it has misguided Roderigo, Iago and Brabantio. The last dies as a result of his jealous
grief; Gratiano later says to Othello:
?Thy match was mortal to him, and pure grief / Shore his old thread in twain.?

The Economics Of Pediatric Head Injury
PERSONAL STATEMENT
Sonia Singh, United Kingdom, Health Economics
The Economics of Pediatric Head Injury
Growing up in India I was told that as a girl, education would make me a suitable bride. With a
passion for learning and desire to be independent, rebelling against the tradition of marriage after
high school, I applied for entrance to medical school instead. Acceptance in to one of the best
medical schools in India, the Armed Forces Medical College, changed my life by exposing me to
strong women role models in medicine. To explore my interest in research after medical school, I
received a scholarship for Ph.D. studies at Rutgers University in the United States. Although this has
been interrupted by clinical training and family needs, I continued my focus on understanding and
teaching biostatistics, epidemiology, and evidence based medicine.
As my journey in academics started, I faced the challenge and responsibility of becoming a single
parent. Fueled by a desire to learn about economics and finance, I did what comes naturally to me?
to go to school. The Department of Pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh sponsored the study to
support my vision for adding the knowledge of business to the practice of medicine. For eighteen
months, I did the ?unthinkable?: working full time, studying full time, and raising a six year–old.
This was by far the most exhausting and yet the most inspiring time of my life as I completed the
M.B.A. program. Further, travelling to Japan and

The Spanish And English Colonies
Though North America was first explored by Europeans when Nordic people settled in modern–day
Canada circa the 11th century, widespread colonization of the North American continent did not
truly occur until the arrival of Spanish explorers four centuries later. English explorers quickly
followed the Spanish to the New World and, though each group of colonists faced similar issues, the
two colonies handled life in North and Central America quite differently. The Spanish and English
colonies were generally the same in regard to their treatment of Native Americans while
significantly different when examining the role of the European government on their colonies '
leadership in addition to their diverse economic foundations. The Spanish and English colonies were
extremely similar, nearly identical even, in that each gave little respect to the religious origins and
customary living of the Native Americans. The Spanish colonists were the first to arrive in the New
World in the late 1400s, and, upon arrival, launched cultural attacks on the Native Americans.
Spanish friars began stripping indigenous people of their native religion and forcing European
practices onto the masses. The Reconquista of Spain from the Moors fabricated a very close
relationship between the Roman Catholic church and Spanish authorities. Because the church now
held so much power in Spain, Catholic leaders were able to send friars along on the government
funded expeditions to the New World. The church

Ryerson Population Analysis
All the data is collected from census tract 2011 and 2016 of Stats Canada and National Household
Survey (NHS) 2011. According to the map of Stats Canada, my neighbourhood of postal code M2N
6H8 boundary is in between the Finch Avenue East to Sheppard Avenue East along the Willowdale
Avenue. My neighborhood has total population of 6,321 people in 2016, which is 12.1 percent
growth from 5,637 people in 2011. As shown on the figure 1.1, this vast growth is close to twice as
larger than the population growth percentage of the Toronto CMA, which is only 6.2 percent.
Surprisingly, unlike my neighbourhood and rest of Toronto CMA, Ryerson's neighbourhood has
shown a decrease in the population of 1.2 percent. Moreover, as presented on figure 1.2 on ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Ryerson neighbourhood, I would place it in the framework of Hoyt's sectoral model in central
business district (CBD). Moreover, in the sketch map of my neighbourhood does reflect some
elements from the Lynch's mental map. The path is shown on the major streets that I have labeled
(Swales, 2017). For instances, Yonge Street, Doris Avenue, Kenneth Avenue, Finch Avenue East and
West. Node is shown from the TTC label that I made for the Finch station. Lastly, the key landmark
from my map can be Xerox building, which is located in the major intersection of Yonge and Finch

Othello And Uncontrolled Jealousy
Othello and Uncontrolled Jealousy
Dominating the protagonist in William Shakespeare's tragedy Othello is the passion of sexual
jealousy. Dominating the antagonist is another type of jealousy toward Cassio, and hatred toward the
general. Let us look closely at the concept of jealousy as it is revealed in this drama.
Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes definitively categorizes Othello as a "study in
jealousy":
Othello has suffered less in its modern interpretation than any other of Shakespeare's tragedies, it
would seem. So insistently did Shakespeare keep this tragedy unified about the theme of jealousy
and the central victims of the passion, so obviously did he mould his plot about the black Moor and
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Francis Ferguson in "Two Worldviews Echo Each Other" describes how there is no cure for the
jealous passion that rules Iago's life:
On the contrary, in the "world" of his philosophy and his imagination, where his spirit lives, there is
no cure for passion. He is, behind his mask, as restless as a cage of those cruel and lustful monkeys
that he mentions so often. It has been pointed out that he has no intelligible plan for destroying
Othello, and he never asks himself what good it will do him to ruin so many people. It is enough for
him that he "hates" the Moor. . . .(133)
Act 1 Scene 1 opens with an expression of jealousy: Roderigo is upbraiding Iago because of the
elopement of the object of his affections –Desdemona –– with the Moor: "Thou told'st me thou didst
hold him in thy hate." Iago responds with an expression of jealousy, saying that he does indeed hate
the general because he "Nonsuits my mediators; for, 'Certes,' says he, / 'I have already chose my
officer.'" With both Roderigo and the ancient spurred on by jealousy, they storm the home of the
senator, Brabantio, and father of Desdemona in a vain effort to have him recover the missing girl.
Brabantio is very jealous of the man who has stolen his daughter because she has been his only
companion and help in the home: "And what's to come of my despised time / Is naught but
bitterness." At the head of his mob, the

The Spanish Inquisition Essay
The Spanish Inquisition
The word "inquisition" means to examine. Inquisitors would "examine" suspected Heretics, people
whose ideas do not match those of the Roman Catholic Church, and punish them accordingly. This
included torture and burning. The great inquisition movement that took place in Spain, or Hispania
as it was called before Spain united. It was called The Spanish Inquisition. It took place for
approximately five hundred years, from the late 15th century to mid 19th century. Many ironic
elements were involved in the history of the Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition lasted longer than
any other preceding it, and was the most cruel, bloodthirsty, and festive of all. The objective of the
inquisition, in its early state, was to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was the start of the first inquisition. After that, it was a common practice in much of Europe to
take Heretics before a trial, then inflict torture on them forcing them to convert. Those that did not
convert were sent to a public burning or hanging. In 1252 AD, Pope Innocent IV agreed to use
inquisitors to torture sinners who would not repent their sins and confess. By the fifteen hundreds,
the Inquisition became corrupt, powerful, and greedy.
In the late 15th century, Spain gained its freedom from the Moors. They were Islamic North African
people that were and controlled much of Spain. The wealthy, educated Jewish population financially
assisted the monarchy to regain Spain from the Moors. Large prosperous Jewish communities
existed in Spain. They were respected, unlike other areas of Europe where the Jews were persecuted
and victims of organized massacres. In Spain, they remained the financial and scientific leaders in
the 15th century. Many of Jews married into Catholic families, consequently, many of Spain's
Christian leaders were of Jewish descent. As Spain became a unified country, many Hispanics forgot
the services from which the Jewish had provided them. The economy plummeted, and to many, the
Jews became a scapegoat. They became targets for bigotry. Stories were created to lessen the Jews
image. These stories included Jews murdering innocent Christian children. Such legends fueled the
expulsion of the Jews from

Topography and Geographic Region Analysis for Tourists
Topography and Geographic Region Analysis for Tourists The natural landscape within the UK
consists of a mainly flat land area. With the majority of England included in the flat land mass the
major cities are populated close to the edge of the country or on the side of a national river to allow
easy transport and access. In England we have a few higher peaks than sea level as the Pennines run
through the north of the country from the east of the Cumbrian Mountains down to the south of the
country just outside Manchester. In the rest of England there are smaller peaks of hills/mountains
which are:– * Cumbrian Mountains * North York Moors * Cotswald Hills * Chiltern Hills *
Salisbury Plain * ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the USA and the UK which have varied cultures within one nation. On the other hand there
are places like:– * Japan * China * India * Egypt These have a vast cultural history for possessing
hidden powers. Japan is a well built nation but relies on their cultural history for their day to day
life. Japan have various ways of worshipping their religion as they believe in goddess like beings as
they have many mythical features in their history. India is one of the main countries on the globe
that has very high cultural and spiritual beliefs. Their society is based round one of the most
religious cultures on the globe. They worship many different beings and gods. Their religion is made
up of 80% Hindu, 11% Muslim with Sikh, Christian and Buddhist minorities. Egypt is also another
religious believing country as it incorporates their past however many thousand years of history.
Their main beliefs lie within their own history. Their museums come as second to none as they
contain treasures from thousands of years ago. Mummies are what they keep best as the Egyptians
berry their most rich and powerful leaders to rest in piece with their own treasures they have gain
during their mortal existence. For those in their history who were servants of the rich and made
some of the gravest errors during their life's were to have their organs extracted alive and be

History of Golf
There is general agreement that the Scots were the earliest of golf addicts but who actually invented
the game is open to debate. We know that golf has existed for at least 500 years because James II of
Scotland, in an Act of Parliament dated March 6, 1457, had golf and football banned because these
sports were interfering too much with archery practice sorely needed by the loyal defenders of the
Scottish realm! It has been suggested that bored shepherds tending flocks of sheep near St. Andrews
became adept at hitting rounded stones into rabbits holes with their wooden crooks. And so a legend
that persists to this day was born!
Various forms of games resembling golf were played as early as the fourteenth century by sportsmen
in Holland, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1848, a golfing clergyman from St. Andrews, the Reverend Adam Paterson, experimented with a
substance from India called gutta–percha. It had been sent to him as padding covering a gift and he
found that the material could be softened with heat and then molded into a hard ball. The gutty as it
was known was not an instant success as the smooth ball tended to duck in flight. Players soon
found that its performance improved at the end of a round when the ball received some nicks and
scratches. Therefore, newly molded balls were scored all over with a saddler 's hammer with such
good playing results that the demise of the feathery was certain.
The gutta–percha ball lasted for approximately 55 years until succeeded by the Haskell ball in 1903.
An American dentist, Dr. Coburn Haskell, ran some experiments by tightly wrapping a liquid filled
rubber core with strips of elastic then covering it with a gutta–percha casing. North American
golfers began to take the new ball seriously when Walter Travis, originally from Australia, won the
1901 United States Amateur Championship using the Haskell ball. When Alex Herd won the 1902
British Open Championship again using the Haskell ball, golfers everywhere dropped the gutty and
clamoured for the Haskell!
Modern balls have a more durable cover of balata or surlyn and various solid core balls with new
synthetics have become popular. As well, we have seen the art of club making go from the original
wooden clubs, to forged irons,

Research Paper On Larpool Viaduct
Whether your interests lie in history and culture, vampires and Goths, or just fish and chips – this
walk ticks all those boxes. It begins with a leisurely stroll along a former railway trackway to cross
the River Esk at the Larpool Viaduct. After exploring the many attractions of Whitby, a bracing walk
along the Cleveland Way returns us to Hawsker. The village of Hawsker consists of two parts,
known as High and Low, and it originally had a cobbler, tailor, blacksmith and a windmill. Of these
only the mill at Low Hawsker remains. The mill, built c.1861, stood 64 feet (19.5m) in height with
three storeys and four sails, and it remained in use until around 1915, and the upper storeys removed
in 1960. Standing in an enclosure further along ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Captain Cook, Dracula and Whitby Abbey have each played a part in Whitby's fame and prosperity.
Captain Cook's association with Whitby began in 1746 when he became a merchant navy apprentice
with Quaker shipowners, John and Henry Walker, ferrying coal between the North–East and
London. The Captain Cook Memorial Museum is in a seventeenth–century house in Grape Lane on
the harbourside. According to long–standing Whitby tradition, this is where Cook lodged during his
apprenticeship when he was not at sea. (For more on Captain Cook see prominent people on page
50). The route from Whitby climbs the 199 steps, known locally as the Church Stairs. Every tenth
step and the last one has a small brass plate denoting the step number – so there's no need to count
them! The stairway leads to the East Cliff and St. Mary's Church where there are panoramic views
back over Whitby. The Abbey ruins stand next to St Mary's Church, overlooking the old town of
Whitby clustered at the mouth of the River Esk. Like all Abbeys, it suffered at the hands of Henry
VIII, but the gaunt silhouette of the ruin still presents a dramatic sight against the sky, particularly at

Round Hill Essay
Between Clay Bank Top and Kildale, the Cleveland Way traverses the highest part of the North York
Moors, and once again the views are magnificent. During the crossing, the route passes ancient
earthworks, boundary stones, burial mounds and the site of an incredible railway. Although without
a lengthy detour, food and refreshments are unavailable, so another packed lunch is in order. From
Clay Bank Top a steady climb leads to the broad plateau of Urra Moor. After the initial ascent, the
gradient eases, and the track continues to the summit at Botton Head. However, Round Hill, lying
100 yards (92m) north of the footpath, is the highest point of the North York Moors at 1490 feet
(454m). The trig point stands on the Bronze Age burial mound of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Meanwhile, the Cleveland Way continues across Greenhow Moor, climbing gradually to Burton
Howe which stands at 1419 feet (433m). The tumulus of Burton Howe is a round barrow built
during the Early Bronze Age from 2500 to 1500 BC. The Barrow has an earth and stone mound
standing 6 feet (1.8m) high and 49 feet (15m) in diameter. Excavations in 1956 revealed a turf stack
surrounded by a circular kerb. At the centre of this was a stone coffin, containing the cremated
remains; other finds include shards of pottery and a clay bead. Additionally, these funerary
monuments also served as boundary markers between territorial divisions of land. Leaving Burton
Howe, the route passes another 'Hand Stone', which stands some distance to the right of the track.
This one, dated 1757, has three sides carved with hands and directions. Incidentally, the stone has a
hollowed out top covered with a small rock; this is where passers–by could leave alms for poorer
travellers. Evidently, this tradition continues since the stone contained thirty–four pence, five Euro
Cents, and a few other foreign coins on my last

Analysis Of The Movie ' 12 Years ' A ' Essay
Twelve Years A Salve is a movie that is relevant to our class because it is one of the most recent
films to deal with the history of race and ethnicity in our country. ''12 Years A Slave'' is also relevant
as it demonstrates the use of race and ethnicity in modern film and the questions that arise from it.
This film portrays the ugliness of slavery since a person born free from the first day of his or her
life. The reason for that is to show us how white people were using African American people in the
past and how the revolutions have changed all that over the years. The meaning of this movie is that
African American people should stand for themselves when they lose their freedoms, rather than
waiting for the white people to help them. Solomon is a very talented violinist and appreciated by
many white rich financiers. In his family, he also is a very happy man lives with his beautiful wife
along with his two kids. Solomon is a free man who is living in a small town where free African
Americans interlace with whites, and the African American Slaves treated very well from the white
people in the south. In fact, Solomon was able to provide anything for his family even some
luxuries, but he not as a well–of one. Before Solomon kidnapped, he went to the store to purchase
some items for his wife and his Children. A slavery suffering started when Solomon introduced to
two gentlemen by Mr. Moor, Merrill and Abram. Solomon was presented as a talented and an expert

Santo Domingo Early Childhood
Going back to the times of her great–grandparents, they were people who were established in San
Agustin, Florida. They were engaged in trade and business with the North American islands in the
part of the Atlantic, where they engaged in navigation. Around 1870's, they arrived in Santo
Domingo, where some of them stayed in Santo Domingo and the other returned to the United States
where they settled in New York city. Her grandparents were people who were equally engaged in
trade. One part was devoted to the sale of wood and the other part was devoted to the business of
pharmacies. In the same way, her parents are businessmen, dedicating themselves to the printing
industry.
As a Dominican family, their customs are based on a fusion of Spanish

The House Of The Importance Of The North York Moors
This section is probably the most demanding part of the Way, it traverses the northern escarpment of
the North York Moors, crossing a series of valley's which drain the moorland pastures. On a clear
day, the scenery is beautiful and invigorating, but there are few places to shelter if the weather turns
foul. Lord Stones Country Park is the only watering hole, en route, so take sufficient rations. Our
journey resumes from the market cross, and within a few minutes, we have two optional detours to
consider, one to Lady Chapel and another to Mount Grace Priory. Both will incur extra time and
distance. The Priory, founded in 1398 by Thomas de Holand, the nephew of Richard II, bears the
illustrious title of 'The House of the Assumption of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, glaciers flowed on either side of the higher land masses and also crept into Scugdale, as
the ice melted a glacial lake formed. The lake, about 400 feet (122m) deep and 800 feet (244m)
above sea level, over
flowed at Scarth Nick cutting a distinct V–shaped valley, a landmark which is
visible for many miles to the north. We continue along the Way to Huthwaite Green, ascend onto
Live Moor and follow the ridge to the summit of Carlton Moor. Here splendid views extend across
the Cleveland Plain to the Eston Hills, Easby Moor and the shapely pinnacle of Roseberry Topping.
After descending to the road, you may wish to take a pit stop at Lord Stones to recharge the
batteries! The next objective is Cringle Moor we follow a good path, ascending steeply to Cringle
End where a memorial seat and topograph pay tribute to 'Alec Falconer 1884–1968, Rambler', pause
here and enjoy the spectacular views. The topograph will help to identify the distant hills, including
Great Shunner Fell in Swaledale, Cross Fell the highest summit in the Pennines, and even Durham
Cathedral is discernible on a brilliant day. At 1427 feet (435m), Cringle Moor is the second highest
point on the North York Moors, although we pass just below the crest there is a narrow track rising
through the heather. The summit is marked by a cairn sited on the tumulus of Drake Howe. The
name is a combination of the old English 'draca' – 'dragon' and the old Norse

Maritime Travel And Technology : A Ship Like The Titanic
The Un–Sinkable Ships
Throughout history certain events have stood the test time and are still remembered today. When
discussing maritime travel and technology, the one ship that is most thought of is the RMS Titanic,
her ill–fated maiden voyage and the roughly fifteen hundred passengers who died that night in April.
People don't tend to think about is how a ship like the Titanic come to be: who built her, why did
they build her, what is the history behind her conception, what happened after she sank in April of
1912, and how does the sinking of the Titanic still effect maritime laws today?
During the early nineteen hundreds, one of the premier ocean passenger companies was the Oceanic
Steam Navigation Company, or as it was more commonly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This trio of ships were known as The Olympic Cass Liners and were named the Olympic, the Titanic
and the Gigantic. After the highly publicized loss of the Titanic and Britannic, the White Star Line
was never able to fully recover. After World War I ended and with it the loss of the pride of their
fleet (the Britannic) and the aging of the rest of their fleet, the company began to struggle to keep up
with rival passenger lines. The invention of the Zeppelin in the 1920's and its weekly trans–Atlantic
crossings became the preferred method of travel and the new restriction laws on immigration passed
by the United States, reduced the amount of people crossing to New York (Era Ends 4). Eventually
the White Star Line fell into bankruptcy merged with their rival the Cunard Line, which eventually
disbanded the no longer profitable shipping line, thus ending the White Star Line.
The construction of the Olympic began in 1908 in Belfast, Ireland and was completed in 1910. After
being fitted out (or furnished with both passenger amenities and operational features) the Olympic
began transporting passenger from Europe to New York. Being the first of the three ships was
piloted by the companies most experienced crew, which was led by Captain Edward J. Smith. Her
maiden voyage was completed in about five days, which was considered very fast for a ship of her
size (Old Reliable 2). By September of 1911 the

Miss You Already Milly
Miss You Already is a British romantic comedy–drama film in 2015. It is directed by Catherine
Hardwicke, and produced by Christopher Simon. The film is based on a radio play called Goodbye
by Morwenna Banks, who is also a screenwriter for the film adaptation. The story centers around a
friendship between two childhood friends, Milly and Jess, both now married with families of their
own; the film stars Toni Collette as Milly, and Drew Barrymore as Jess. While the two women
maintain their friendship throughout the years, they start encountering conflicts when Milly is
diagnosed with breast cancer and Jess begins a journey of her first pregnancy. The shooting took
place in England with the majority part in London and some parts in North York Moors. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Excelling in directing and writing raw and touching family–centered stories – as shown in his
works: Our Little Sister (2015), Like Father, Like Son (2013), and After the Storm (2016), for
instance – he could bring out the human emotions in dealing with oneself and one's relationships in
each character, as well as emphasize the importance of family and friendship, in order to maximize
the effects of all these concepts in the story of Miss You Already. Additionally, Koreeda is well–
known for his contemplative style and pace in his drama films; thus, instead of having some
emphasis on comedy as done in the original, he could slightly alter and shift the tone of the storyline
to be more thoughtful and touching to appeal more to the Japanese drama film

Flavius Belisarius: The Defender of the Byzantine Empire...
Flavius Belisarius (505–565 CE), a Byzantine general under Justinian I, succeeded in winning
countless victories and notably expanded and defended the Byzantine Empire. Despite the fact that
he was a successful, advanced leader, Belisarius tragically ended his life shunned from the public.
Flavius Belisarius was born in Germania, Illyria in 505 CE. Very little is known about his ethnic
background, but some historians say he was of Slavic background (Barker 1). He was assigned
under Justinian's command when he was about twenty–five years old, and he was awarded full
command of the army (Barker 1). He led armies against the Sāsānian Empire (Persia), the Vandal
Kingdom (North Africa), the Ostrogoths (Italy), and the other barbaric ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 533, Belisarius was sent with five hundred transports and ninety–two warships to attack the
Vandals in North Africa (Durant 109). Belisarius had proven to be a loyal and effective general, so
Justinian gave him full command of the expedition (Hughs 75). He even gave Belisarius a large
mixed army of infantry and cavalry (Hughs 75). He left in June 533, accompanied by his wife
Antonia and Procopius who was his assessor and secretary (Hughs 78). In the process of his
mission, he captured a one of the Vandal messengers who helped Belisarius discover the Vandals'
plot (Hughs 109). He was able to destroy the Vandal Kingdom in just a few months and only two
victories (Barker 1). After this victory, Justinian had Belisarius return to Constantinople for a brief
triumph. On his way home, the Moors came down the hill, attacking the Roman garrison.
Fortunately, Belisarius made his way back just in time to jump into action and defeat the Moors
(Durant 109). During this time, he married an old friend of the empress Theodora, Antonia, but after
a few years, she passed away (Barker 1). They had one daughter by the name of Joannina (Hughs
69). Many theories centered around why Antonia accompanied him on his expeditions, and one of
the most common claimed that Belisarius forced her to because he didn't trust her (Hughs 108).
In 535, the successful general was sent to Italy to begin recovering the territory from the Ostrogoths.

Cultural Analysis of Spain
**this was written as the first stage of analyizing Spain for the introduction of a franchise**
In the beginning, Spain endured a diversified number of cultures. Around 1600 B.C., the Iberians
arrived in Spain. Migration into Spain continued from Europe beyond the Pyrenees, the
Mediterranean, and North Africa. Following the Iberians, came the Celts. The two cultures merged
and established a distinctive Celt Iberian culture. In 1492, the Moors, a nomadic, Muslim tribe of
North African origin, were driven off of the Iberian Peninsula. Shortly after, several kingdoms on
the Iberian Peninsula merged to form what is modern–day Spain.
Spain is located in southwestern Europe and occupies approximately 80% of the Iberian Peninsula.
It shares the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Traditional Spanish food consists of fresh ingredients. Seafood, which is consumed within hours of
being caught, as well as meat, are combined with herbs, spices, and lots of olive oil in traditional
Spanish cuisine. Because of the increase in the number of fast food restaurants in Spain as well as
restaurants from other countries with their own flavors, the traditional food of Spain is starting to
decrease but will never be forgotten.
Today's democratic Spain is the product of a long and often troubled history. For much of the
twentieth century, Spain was governed by dictatorships, most recently during the years of 1939
through 1975 under General Francisco Franco.
The government of Spain is one of constitutional monarchy. The nation is led by the Spanish head of
state, King Juan Carlos I, who began his reign in 1975. Subordinate to the monarchy, there are 3
branches of government, an Executive Branch, a Legislative Branch, and a Judicial Branch.
Although Spain is a kingdom, the King is not the leader of the Spanish government. The Executive
Branch is led by the Prime Minister of Spain, Jose Maria Aznar. Also included in this branch are
various governmental positions including the First Deputy Prime Minister, Second Deputy Prime
Minister, and the Council of Ministers. Additionally, the Executive Branch is responsible for
enforcing or carrying out the laws that are made through the Legislative Branch.
The Legislative Branch of the Spanish government is comprised of

Lyke Wake Walk Research Paper
The Lyke Wake Walk is a 40–mile (64km) challenge walk across the North York Moors from Scarth
Wood Moor, near Osmotherley to the coast at Ravenscar. The completion time for the challenge is
twenty–four hours. The Lyke Wake Walk is a 40–mile (64km) challenge walk across the North York
Moors from Scarth Wood Moor, near Osmotherley to the coast at Ravenscar. Those completing the
walk in under twenty–four hours qualify for membership of the Lyke Wake Club. Its associated club
has its own social structure, culture and rituals based on the walk and Christian and folklore
traditions from the area of North Yorkshire through which it passes. The Lyke Wake Walk was
started by a local farmer, Bill Cowley, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, England,

Discuss the relative importance of physical and human...
There are many factors that account for the changes to the vegetation over time within ecosystems in
the British Isles, such as human activity, climate, soil, light availability and intensity and natural
disasters. The characteristics of the vegetation that are influenced by these factors are height,
distribution, variety of species, adaptations and density of the vegetation. Some of these factors have
relatively little influence on the succession development, whereas others have a dramatic influence
over a long period of time, such as human activity. These factors, over time, result in the progression
of a succession until the climatic climax vegetation is reached. However, sometimes these factors
can mean that a plagioclimax is reached, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On average, the temperate deciduous woodland should receive around 750–1500mm of rain per
year. If this number is greatly exceeded, then the soil will become saturated and the area will flood,
suffocating the plants as they do not have access to sufficient oxygen and carbon dioxide. On the
contrary, if there is not enough rainfall then the plants will also die because they do not have access
to a plentiful supply of minerals that the water contains such as nitrogen and magnesium.
One type of succession that can form an ecosystem is a lithosere. A lithosere is a plant succession
that begins life on a newly exposed rock surface, such as one left bare as a result of glacial retreat,
tectonic uplift as in the formation of a raised beach, or volcanic eruption. The lithosere succession is
initiated by pioneer plants, such as blue and green algae with colonise the sock as there are into a lot
of nutrients available and they have no root systems, so they can survive in the hostile conditions.
The succession then progresses due to the pioneer plants dissolving the rock, resulting in a release of
nutrients. This then means that mosses, lichens and liverworts are able to thrive on that ground as
the moss can absorb nutrients from rain water and they provide their own energy from
photosynthesis. These plants chemically decay the rock by releasing acids, and physically decay the
rock as a result of their root systems, leading

Othello’s Themeland
Othello's Themeland
Built on a broad base of multiple themes, Othello is one of William Shakespeare's most popular
tragedies. Let's sift through the themes and try to rank them in significance.
In the Introduction to The Folger Library General Reader's Shakespeare, Louis B. Wright and
Virginia A. LaMar consider the arch–villainy of the ancient to be the most potent theme:
Othello has been described as Shakespeare's most perfect play. Critics of dramatic structure have
praised it for its attention to the main theme without irrelevant distractions. Many Elizabethan plays
had rambling subplots and much extraneous detail to amuse the groundlings. Othello avoids all
irrelevancies and the action moves swiftly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Heilman discusses the ancient's instinctive reaction to the love–theme of the play:
Before coming directly to the forming of the love–theme that differentiates Othello from other
Shakespeare plays that utilize the same theme, I turn arbitrarily to Iago to inspect a distinguishing
mark of his of which the relevance to thematic form in the play will appear a little later. When Iago
with unperceived scoffing reminds Roderigo, who is drawn with merciless attraction to the
unreachable Desdemona, that love effects an unwonted nobility in men, he states a doctrine which
he "knows" is true but in which he may not "believe." Ennoblement by love is a real possibility in
men, but Iago has to view it with bitterness and to try to undermine it. (333–34)
The theme of hate is the theme on which the play opens. Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare's Tragic
Heroes indicates this hate in the opening scene:
It is then on a theme of hate that the play opens. It is a hate of inveterate anger. It is a hate that is
bound up with envy. Othello has preferred to be his lieutenant a military theorist, one Michael
Cassio, over the experienced soldier Iago, to whom has fallen instead the post of "his Moorship's
ancient". Roderigo questions Iago:
Thou told'st me thou didst hold him in thy hate.
And the reply is a torrent of proof of the hatred for Othello that has almost exceeded the envy of
Cassio

Essay on A Comparison of Christian and Islamic...
A Comparison of Christian and Islamic Architecture in Spain
By the 6th century a Germanic tribe called the Visigoths, converts to Arian Christianity, had
established themselves as the aristocratic elite. The Christians built many monumental basilica–plan
churches. The Santa Maria de Quintanilla de las Vinas, Burgos, Spain and San Juan de Banos de
Cerrato are two such churches that still remain today. In the beginning of the 8th century Islamic
Muslims conquered Spain and ended Visigothic rule. They constructed militaristic and religious
architecture including castles, watchtowers, rock castes, the Great Mosque, and the Red Palace. The
remaining Christians adopted some of the Islamic styles and soon built upon a new style that ended
up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Moors also built atalayas, or watchtowers and rock castles that served as part of the defense
system for the castle. The watchtowers were used as communication devices for castles that were
great distances apart. The watchtowers would signal the castle in case of an enemy attack by using
smoke and mirrors. They built rock castles, or small defense castles high on rocks, using the natural
terrain to the maximum effect. Since the rock castles were small they did not house many soldiers.
Another important Islamic site is situated in Cordoba, southern Spain, along the banks of
Guadalquivir river (the Great River). Cordoba served as the capital of the Caliphate of Cordoba.
Cordoba houses the famous Great Mosque or Gran Mezquita, the largest mosque in the Western
World. The interior of the mosque consisted of a mirhab, a niche that separates the qibla wall from
the others. The mirhab was intentionally positioned facing Mecca for the faithful who prayed in that
direction.
The mosque can be identified by its elaborate squinch–supported domes. The Great Mosque of
Cordoba is one of the finest surviving examples of Umayyad architecture in Spain. The mosque has
marble capitals and columns in the hypostyle prayer hall. A person enters the hall through an open
courtyard called a sahn. Its famous horseshoe arches have an alternated pattern of pale stone and red
brick voussoirs

The Wars Of The Roses
et was a decisive engagement in the Wars of the Roses, a dynastic conflict of 15th–century England.
The military action, along with the subsequent Battle of Tewkesbury, secured the throne for Edward
IV. On 14 April 1471 near Barnet, then a small Hertfordshire town north of London, Edward led the
House of York in a fight against the House of Lancaster, which backed Henry VI for the throne.
Leading the Lancastrian army was Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, who played a crucial role
in the fate of each king. Historians regard the battle as one of the most important clashes in the Wars
of the Roses, since it brought about a decisive turn in the fortunes of the two houses. Edward 's
victory was followed by fourteen years of Yorkist rule ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On their return to the battlefield, Oxford 's men were erroneously shot at by his allies commanded
by John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu. The Lancastrians lost the battle as cries of treason
spread through their line, disrupting morale and causing many to abandon the fight. While
retreating, Warwick was killed by Yorkist soldiers.
Warwick had been such an influential figure in 15th–century English politics that, on his death, no
one matched him in terms of power and popularity. Deprived of Warwick 's support, the
Lancastrians suffered their final defeat at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May 1471, which marked
the downfall of the House of Lancaster and the ascendancy of the House of York. Three centuries
after the Battle of Barnet, a stone obelisk was raised on the spot where Warwick purportedly died.
Contents [hide]
1 Background
2 Commanders
2.1 Yorkist
2.2 Lancastrian
3 Prelude
4 Fighting in the mist
5 Post–battle
6 Legacy
6.1 Shakespearian dramatisation
6.2 Battlefield
7 Notes
8 References
9 Bibliography
10 External links
Background[edit]

Further information: Wars of the Roses
The Wars of the Roses were a series of conflicts between various English lords and nobles in
support of two different royal families. In 1461, the conflict reached a milestone when the House of
York supplanted its rival, the House of Lancaster, as the ruling royal house in England. Edward IV,
leader of the Yorkists, seized the throne from the

Christopher Columbus' Motivations to Sail West for the...
Christopher Columbus' Motivations to Sail West for the Indies
Christopher Columbus lived in an age of Moslem expansion in the east. With the fall of
Constantinople in 1453, direct land routes to the Indies were closed to European merchants and
traders, thus creating the need to find a sea route to the Indies. Portugal had spent years sailing the
coast of Africa to reach the Indies, but Columbus thought he had a better way: sailing west. With the
defeat of the Moors in 1492 Queen Isabella of Spain was willing to consider to Columbus' proposal
to sail west. The motivations of Columbus sailing west to the Indies, whether economic, spiritual or
personal, were all based on ancient authorities, writings and personal beliefs.
Columbus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Columbus' Enterprise of the Indies. Columbus developed his theory of sailing west to the Indies
after considerable time as a sailor. He had sailed down the coast of Africa and believed sailing west
would be faster. He based this on the writings of Aristotle, Ptolemy, Marinus of Tyre, Marco Polo's
"Travel", Cardinal Pierre d'Ailly's "Imago Mundi", "Historia Rerum" by Pope Pius II, Pliny's
"Natural History", and the Bible. Marco Polo intrigues Columbus, especially with his description of
Cipangu or Zipangu (Japan) which he claimed was situated 1500 miles off the coast of China. In his
description Marco Polo mentions the many riches of the Japanese, especially gold. He stated:
"The extraordinary richness of the sovereign's palace . . . is a wonderful sight. The entire roof is
covered with a plating of gold. . . . The ceilings of the halls are of the same precious metal; many of
the apartments have small tables of pure gold, of considerable thickness; and the windows also have
golden ornaments. . . . "In this island there are pearls also, in large quan– tities, of a pink colour,
round in shape, and of great size equal in value to, or even exceeding that of the white pearl."
Unfortunately for the plans of Columbus, many geographers and religious leaders did not believe all
that Polo wrote and if Columbus was to get financial backing from a

War of the Roses
War of the Roses For my research project I chose the war of the roses because it is interesting and
relates to us and where we live. I visited York, England this past Thanksgiving and learned some
background on this during our trip. York, England is about 3 hours north of London and is an
interesting medieval city with small narrow streets and modern living at the same time. The war of
the roses started on May 22, 1455 with the battle of St. Albans and ended on June 16, 1487 with the
battle of Stoke. King Henry VI and the Duke of Somerset, Edmund Beaufort, tried to keep the Duke
of York, Richard IV, out of politics. King Henry VI became ill and Richard IV took over power and
by the time King Henry VI became healthy again, Richard IV ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
King Henry VI was defeated and captured by the Yorkists and spent 7 years in the Tower of
'Kingmaker'. Edward IV, son of Richard IV, became the new king of England and one year later the
elderly King Henry VI was murdered at the hands of Richard V Duke of Gloucester Richard IV's
son. (Weir, Battle of St Albans, 2012) Four years prior to the battle of Towton, the Battle of
Wakefield, occurred and it had looked as though the Yorkists were going to dominate this war.
During the Battle of Wakefield the Yorkists received a devastating blow with the loss of their leader,
Richard IV, and other commanders during this battle. The Yorkist seamed defeated until the capture
of King Henry VI. The deciding factor in the war was during the battle of Edecote Moor when the
Yorkists made a new alliance with France and the King of England was also on their side. The new
alliance with France and the power of the king would prove to be the deciding factor in this war and
would win the war for the Yorkists. (Weir, Battle of Wakefield, 2012) During the Battle of Bosworth
Field King Edward IV died of an illness and his son Edward V became King at the age of 12.
Richard V, the Duke of Gloucester, held the throne until Edward the V became of age. This battle
took place in a small town called Market Bosworth and was the second to last battle of the war.
(Weir, Battle of Bosworth, 2012) The last battle was the Battle of Stoke; however there is some
dispute by

A Comprehensive Framework Of Knowledge For Healthcare...
There is a critical need for healthcare professionals to understand the economic ramifications of
medical decisions, and further, develop clinical and cost effective strategies for optimal care. The
Health Economics curriculum at the University of York has been designed to sequentially build a
comprehensive framework of knowledge for healthcare professionals. With the support of a
Fulbright, this program of study will enable me to evaluate the health systems in the US, UK and
Australia with the goal of implementing cost efficient protocols for the management of head injury
in children.
Economic evaluation of health care delivery is a global necessity. The U.S spends 17% of its GDP
annually towards health care compared with 8–9% by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The U.K. is a global leader in economic evaluation of healthcare systems, and the team for
Economic Evaluation and Health Technology Assessment at the University of York has invaluable
expertise in research evaluating economic efficiency in healthcare. Dr. Laura Bojke is a leader in the
economic evaluation of social care and public health interventions for children with whom I hope to
collaborate and explore the economic impact of pediatric head injury. I have been accepted into the
M.Sc. program in Health Economics at University of York, to start in October 2016. I hope to apply
this knowledge to evaluate the economic aspects of pediatric concussion and its long–term impact
on healthcare and resource utilization.
Traumatic Brain injury (TBI) is projected to be a significant cause of global disease burden by 2020;
with an estimated 10 million people affected by TBI annually worldwide. A concussion is the most
common form of TBI and is particularly prevalent among children and young adults. The U.S.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported an annual estimated 1.6–3.8 million sports related TBI,
with a cost of $12 billion in the year 2000. Tertiary prevention focused on physical and
psychological rehabilitation is known to reduce disability and improve quality of life. Chronic
traumatic encephalopathy in professional athletes diagnosed after death by brain biopsy has brought
attention to the complication of inadequately treated sport related concussion.

Bronte's Jane Eyre Essay: Importance of Nature Imagery
Importance of Nature Imagery in Jane Eyre
Charlotte Bronte makes extensive use of nature imagery in her novel, Jane Eyre, commenting on
both the human relationship with the outdoors and with human nature. The Oxford Reference
Dictionary defines "nature" as "1. the phenomena of the physical world as a whole . . . 2. a thing's
essential qualities; a person's or animal's innate character . . . 4. vital force, functions, or needs."
Bronte speaks to each of these definitions throughout Jane Eyre.
Several natural themes run throughout the novel, one of which is the image of a stormy sea. After
Jane saves Rochester's life, she gives the following metaphor of their relationship:
Till morning dawned I was tossed on a buoyant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Several times the narrator talks of feeding birds crumbs. Perhaps Brontë is telling us that this idea of
escape is no more than a fantasy; one cannot escape when one must return for basic sustenance. The
link between Jane and birds is strengthened by the way Brontë adumbrates poor nutrition at Lowood
through a bird who is described as "a little hungry robin."
Brontë brings the buoyant sea theme and the bird theme together in the passage describing the first
painting of Jane's that Rochester examines. This painting depicts a turbulent sea with a sunken ship,
and on the mast perches a cormorant with a gold bracelet in its mouth, apparently taken from a
drowning body. While the imagery is perhaps too imprecise to afford an exact interpretation, a
possible explanation can be derived from the context of the previous treatments of these themes. The
sea is surely a metaphor for Rochester and Jane's relationship, as we have already seen. Rochester is
often described as a "dark" and dangerous man, which fits the likeness of a cormorant; it is therefore
likely that Brontë sees him as the sea bird. As we shall see later, Jane goes through a sort of
symbolic death. Therefore, it makes sense for her to represent the drowned corpse. The gold bracelet
can be the purity and innocence of the old Jane that Rochester managed to capture before she left
him.
Having established some of the natural themes in Jane Eyre, we can now look at the natural
cornerstone

William Shakespeare 's Othello
Never looking beyond what eyes see, humans often trust those who may seem honest and
trustworthy. In the play Othello by William Shakespeare, the theme of appearance and reality is
central. The relationship between Othello, the protagonist, and Iago, the antagonist, is deceitful,
malicious, and troublesome. Iago's envy of others drives him to destroy the lives of multiple
characters by pretending to be their ally. By trusting Iago, Othello 's confidence is broken because he
realizes he could no longer distinguish reality from lies.
At the beginning of the play the protagonist, Othello, is introduce to the readers as a man who differ
from other characters because his skin color and his origin. According to the Merriam–Webster
dictionary, a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Iago was able to use his intellectual and persuasive capacity to make people, such as Roderigo and
Cassio, help in his plan of playing with Othello's mind. Othello was introduced as being a good
character but with a terrible tragic flaw; he was known for trusting too much. "The flaws in Othello's
character worsen his tendency of later on in the play believing what he hears over what he knows"
(Mussari par. 2). He decides to trust Iago and believe that his wife, Desdemona, is being unfaithful
over his actual knowledge about the event.
Iago manipulates Othello by metaphorically poisoning his ear into believing that his wife is having
an affair with Cassio. The poison, made of built events and lies, intoxicates Othello's body and
produces in him an effect that does not let him think rationally. One toxic lie that Iago tells Othello
is that Cassio has confessed to sleeping with Desdemona, telling that Cassio was "with her, on her,
what you will" (IV, i, 2451). The theme appearance versus reality is noticeable in this event because
Othello is making conclusions by just listening to what Iago tells him. Othello relies on appearances
producing in him the incapability of distinguish how things look on the surface as opposed to the
truth of the matter (Tweg par. 2).
An example of the theme of appearance versus reality is when Othello was told by Iago to hide and
listen to a

Othello: Themes Essay
Othello: Themes
How many themes course through the Shakespearean tragedy Othello? Let us in this essay analyze
the variety and depth of the themes in this play.
Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes indicates that hate is the theme on which this play
opens:
It is then on a theme of hate that the play opens. It is a hate of inveterate anger. It is a hate that is
bound up with envy. Othello has preferred to be his lieutenant a military theorist, one Michael
Cassio, over the experienced soldier Iago, to whom has fallen instead the post of "his Moorship's
ancient". Roderigo questions Iago:
Thou told'st me thou didst hold him in thy hate.
And the reply is a torrent of proof of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Helen Gardner in "Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune" sees this play as a study in sexual
jealousy:
Othello is not a study in pride, egoism, or self–deception: its subject is sexual jealousy, loss of faith
in a form which involves the whole personality at the profound point where body meets spirit. The
solution which Othello cannot accept is Iago's: 'Put up with it.' This is as impossible as that Hamlet
should, like Claudius, behave as if the past were done with and only the present mattered. . . . (144)
Of course, jealousy of a different type also torments the antagonist, the ancient, to the point that he
ruins those around him and himself. Francis Ferguson in "Two Worldviews Echo Each Other"
describes how there is no cure for the jealous passion that rules Iago's life:
On the contrary, in the "world" of his philosophy and his imagination, where his spirit lives, there is
no cure for passion. He is, behind his mask, as restless as a cage of those cruel and lustful monkeys
that he mentions so often. It has been pointed out that he has no intelligible plan for destroying
Othello, and he never asks himself what good it will do him to ruin so many people. It is enough for
him that he "hates" the Moor. . . .(133)
Act 1 Scene 1 opens with an expression of jealousy and hatred: Roderigo is upbraiding Iago because

of the elopement of the object of his affections –Desdemona –– with the Moor: "Thou told'st me
thou didst hold him

Northallerton Swot Analysis
Northallerton Overview Located towards the north of the Vale of York is Northallerton, a market
town surrounded by a mix of hilly terrain and rich agricultural flatlands. As the administrative hub
for the local District of Hambleton, jobs in Northallerton centre on the public sector, with notable
support from the commerce, agriculture and light industries. The town's 17,000 residents enjoy easy
access to the picturesque North York Moors and Pennines, where opportunities for relaxing walks,
mountain biking and a range of other fun leisure activities are never far away. Properties in
Northallerton sell for a similar average price to local Thirsk, at around £200,000 according to
rightmove.co.uk. Northallerton Job Opportunities Opportunities

Essay on William Shakespeare's Othello
In Shakespeare's play Othello, tragedy unfolds on the account of one man's actions, Iago. He is a
twenty eight year old military veteran from Venice. His personality consists of being obsessive,
manipulative, relentless, and bold. From the beginning he expressed his hatred towards the Moor, or
North African named Othello. Othello is a highly respected general and is also married to the pure
Desdemona. The marriage between Othello and Desdemona is destroyed due to Iago's actions and
lies. His actions consist of getting Michael Cassio discharged as lieutenant and convincing the Moor
that his wife is cheating on him. The motives Iago has for despising Othello are he passed him over
for a promotion to be his lieutenant, instead he chose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason Cassio is discharged as Othello's lieutenant is because he fought Montano, who was the
governor of Cyprus before Othello. Now that Cassio has been discharged as lieutenant, Iago has
achieved one of goals because Othello tell Iago "Now art thou my lieutenant" (III, ii. 485). Although
his hate for Othello still remains as he has suspicion that he has slept with his wife, Emilia. Iago's
next achievement in Shakespeare's play Othello is to convince Othello that his wife is cheating on
him. He wants to destroy their marriage because he believes Othello has slept with his wife, Emilia
which is another motive as to why he hates Othello. Starting in Act One, Scene Three Iago wants to
start "poisoning" Othello's mind with thoughts of his wife having an affair with Cassio. He states in
lines 385–387, "Let's see. After some time, to abuse Othello's ear that he is too familiar with his
wife". Iago is going to put the impression that Cassio and Desdemona are having an affair. Iago
wants to put these thoughts into Othello's head; therefore Othello can experience the same betrayal
and heartbreak that he is experiencing. He believes Othello will trust his word because Cassio is
good looking and a smooth talker. In Act Three, Scene Three Iago starts hinting to Othello that his
lieutenant, Michael Cassio could be having an affair with Othello's wife Desdemona. Iago tells
Othello, "Look to

Othello’s Diversity of Imagery Essay
Othello's Diversity of Imagery
The diverse imagery found in Shakespeare's drama Othello represents a world all by itself. And this
world of imagery contributes to the prevailing sentiment of pain and suffering and unpleasantness.
There is no shortage of imagery in the play; this is for certain. Critic Caroline Spurgeon in
"Shakespeare's Imagery and What it Tells Us" sorts through the plethora of imagery in the play:
The main image in Othello is that of animals in action, preying upon one another, mischievous,
lascivious, cruel or suffering, and through these, the general sense of pain and unpleasantness is
much increased and kept constantly before us. More than half the animal images in the play are ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The peculiar pain of sexual jealousy is deeply involved with the excremental aspect of the sexual
organs, and the emotion in betrayal in a supremely intimate trust is involved with agonizing
associations of filth and animality. (1200)
Just how strong a force is the imagery in this drama? Is it more powerful than the chorus in ancient
Greek tragedy? H. S. Wilson in his book of literary criticism, On the Design of Shakespearean
Tragedy, discusses the influence of the imagery of the play:
It has indeed been suggested that the logic of events in the play and of Othello's relation to them
implies Othello's damnation, and that the implication is pressed home with particular power in the
imagery. This last amounts to interpreting the suggestions of the imagery as a means of comment by
the author – the analogy would be the choruses of Greek tragedy. It is true that the play contains
many references to "heaven and hell and devils." as Wilson Knight has pointed out. But Mr. Knight
has wisely refrained from drawing the conclusion that Shakespeare means thus to comment upon
Othello's ultimate fate. (66)
Standing outside the senator's home late at night, Iago uses imagery within a lie to arouse the
occupant: " Awake! what, ho, Brabantio! thieves! thieves! thieves! / Look to your house, your
daughter and your bags!" When the senator appears at the window,

Similarities Between A Thousand Splendid Suns And...
THE FATALITY OF LOVE IS AN INNEVITABLE FACET TO HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Trauma and tragedy are inevitably regular and pervasive outcomes in romantic literature. Our
literary heritage is filled with heartbreak, failed relationships and broken individuals. Wuthering
Heights and Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns both exhibit broken relationships,
through a backdrop of conflict in swar torn Afghanistan and the restrictions of Victorian social
hierarchy played out on the wild and windswept North York Moors– destroying these implied
impervious bonds. 1. LACK OF CONTROL OVER MARRIAGES In both novels we experience a
high sense of the women lacking in control, one significant being the lack of control over their
marriages. The culture of set societal rules and conventions urges Catherine to be with Edgar,
compelling her to be 'the greatest woman of the neighbourhood' due to them being relatively firm in
their gentry's status. This suggests the importance of her social status against the nature of her love
for Heathcliff stating, 'we would be beggars', through employing the word 'beggars' the reader crafts
the idea of her belief that she won't survive without her status. Catherine admits 'It would degrade
me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him' Thus implying a swelling sense
of her vanity and pride; enough to enjoy the position she gains from being married to Edgar despite
her admiration for Heathcliff, being 'more than (herself) than (she is)'and

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